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The article examines the features of the status of a person as the main beneficiary of local self-government. It was revealed that based on the essence of the term "beneficiary", it refers to those persons who receive certain benefits, income or dividends not due to the active exercise of their rights, but to some extent "passively" due to their status or activities of others. It is has established that the very understanding of a person as a beneficiary of local self-government demonstrates a new emphasis in understanding how the municipal government should act and in whose interests. The center of such activity should be a person as a member of the territorial community, and his interests should be satisfied through the adequate activities of local governments determined by such interests. Person as the main beneficiary of local self-government appears: a citizen of Ukraine, a foreign citizen or a stateless person (stateless person) or a refugee; member of the territorial community; a resident of a village, settlement, city or association of villages, settlements, cities it is determined. A new approach to understanding the status of a person – a beneficiary of local self- government in a broad and narrow sense (in a broad sense – in the exercise of local self- government of all its powers, in the narrow – the exercise of local authorities in relation to vulnerable groups). It is determined that the legislation of Ukraine through the prism of the powers of local governments provides clear recipients (beneficiaries), which are mainly those categories of the local population who need various financial, material or other support and assistance – including socially vulnerable or vulnerable members of the territorial community. Thus, a person is a member of a territorial community, and his interests must be satisfied through the adequate activities of local self-government bodies determined by such interests.

Keywords: intellectual property law; systematization of legislation, codification,copyright, industrial property law The article is sanctified to researchof the modern state of the legislative regulation of intellectual property relations inUkraine and the ways of its improvement in the direction of systematizing the relevantlegislation. Scientific approaches to determining the place of intellectual propertylaw in the legal system of Ukraine are considered. It is shown that now in Ukrainethere is a unique model of legislative regulation of these relations, which includes 3levels: the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Economic Code of Ukraine, special laws regulatingthe protection of rights to inventions, utility models, industrial designs, trademarks,and other objects. Such division of legislative acts is based on different volumeand subject of regulation of legislative acts. As a result of undertaken a study andtaking into account foreign experience two alternative ways of codification of legislationare certain in the field of intellectual property: within the limits of operating theCivil code of Ukraine and Economic code of Ukraine taking into account the differentiationof the subjects of its regulation, or in the direction of individual codifications ofcopyright and industrial property law as institutions intellectual property law. It issubstantiated that the second way has significant advantages over the unified (general)settlement of relations in the field of spiritual and scientific and technical creativitysince it takes into account the essential specifics of these two components of intellectualproperty law, which is due to the difference in the subjects of their regulation.Guidelines for choosing the appropriate direction of codification are proposed.

Farmstead planning of Mokhnach П settlement during the time of existence of the Saltiv cultural historical community within the second half of the 8th — mid-9th centuries is analyzed in the paper. The settlement was included into the residential agglomeration (microregion) with the center in Mokhnach hillfort. Some categories of household living buildings and ways of their location in relation to this or other dwelling are distinguished within the bounds of the largest excavation site 1. Generally, 36 Saltiv sites were identified on the mentioned area; among them there are 4 dwellings, 4 slightly deepened household buildings, 3 summer kitchens, 4 constructions for harvest storage (1 vault, 2 cellars and 1 box room) and 21 household pits (two of them were used to prepare clay for ceramics production). The planography analysis of the present complexes of the excavation site 1 allows to admit that in the south eastern part of the settlement there were 4 farmsteads that belonged to separate families which did their own housekeeping. The usable area was not large (12—18 m2). It points to the fact that a so-called «small family» consisting of 4—6 persons owned a certain household. Borderlines of these farmsteads do not overlap one another — it shows that they coexisted together at the same time. There is enough space for passage of people or transport vehicles between the farmsteads. Structure of household buildings is generally similar. The dwelling was accompanied by a slightly deepened household building, a summer kitchen, a construction for harvest storage, and a certain amount of household pits. At the same time, some differences are also can be observed. In two cases (farmstead 2, 4), a small household pit located very close to a household building has been discovered. In the farmsted 3 no summer kitchen was identified, and in the farmstead 1 no construction for harvest storage was found as well. In three other cases (farmsteads 2—4), buildings for harvest storage differed between one another by a form, construction and storage capacity. In the each farmstead the amount of household pits that could coexist at the same time did not exceed 5 units. Thus, it can be noticed that the square of the identified farmsteads, the characteristics of the household buildings, amount of supportive household pits and their location point to the quite convenient organization of the living space and the opportunity to do housekeeping successfully.

One form of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 that we can recognize in everyday life is electronic commerce, namely the use of communication networks and computers to carry out business processes that are agreed upon and carried out by the parties and set forth in electronic agreements/contracts. The electronic agreement/contract is carried out on the basis of trust obtained by providing legal recognition of electronic written form in the form of an electronic signature. If there is a broken promise/default by one of the parties entering into an electronic agreement/contract with electronic document evidence signed with electronic signature as evidence, then it must be known carefully the strength of the evidence of electronic agreement on the electronic document and the method of settling the civil dispute.This study aimed to examine and analyze the strength of the evidence of electronic agreements on authentic deeds and patterns of settlement of civil case disputes submitted by the parties with evidence in the form of electronic agreements. The study used a normative juridical method with legal and conceptual approaches and primary and secondary sources of legal material.From the results of the study it can be concluded that the strength of proof of electronic documents signed with electronic signatures is contrary to the strength of proof of authentic deeds made by or in front of public officials in charge where the deed was made or by the authorized public official. In addition, related to the recognition of electronic documents in the judicial system, there is a void in procedural law because it does not regulate electronic documents as evidence but rather electronic documents in the form of decisions or indictments as appeals for cassation requests and reconsideration.Keywords: Electronic Agreement, Electronic Signature, Authentic Deed, Evidence

У статті розглянута суть податкової оптимізації з точки зору господарюючого суб’єкту та державних органів. У ході дослідження проаналізовано законодавчу і нормативно-правову базу та визначені наявні інструменти зменшення податкового тиску на платників податків у сфері зовнішньоекономічної діяльності, шляхом наданих законодавством пільг та інших можливостей оптимізації податкових платежів. Розглянуті наступні інструменти податкової оптимізації суб’єкта зовнішньоекономічної діяльності: стратегічне планування діяльності, враховуючи міжнародні договори України стосовно уникнення подвійного оподаткування; врахування місця постачання товарів і послуг; окремі специфічні підходи до організації бізнесу; планування розрахунку з брокером для збереження права на податковий кредит та ін. Обґрунтовано, що превентивні методи направлені на уникнення надмірної сплати податків або отримання штрафів та пені.

Palaeoecological research in Iceland has rarely considered the environmental consequences of landlord-tenant relations and has only recently begun to investigate the impact of medieval monasticism on Icelandic environment and society. Through the medium of two tenant farm sites, this investigation seeks to discern whether or not monastic landlords were influencing resource exploitation and the land management practices of their tenants. In particular, sedimentary and phyto-social contexts were examined and set within a chronological and palaeoecological framework from the late 9th century down to the 16th century. How this relates to medieval European monasticism is also considered while the prevailing influences of climate and volcanism are acknowledged. Palaeoecological data shed light upon the process of occupation at the two farms during the settlement period, with resources and land use trajectories already well-established by the time they were acquired by monastic institutions. This suggests that the tenant farms investigated were largely unaffected ecologically by absorption into a manorial system overseen by monasticism. This could be a consequence of prevailing environmental contexts that inhibited the development of alternative agricultural strategies, or simply that a different emphasis with regard to resource exploitation was paramount.

Keywords: defense capability, intellectual property, regulatory support The conceptual issues of the legislation of Ukraine,which determine the state policy in the field of national security and defence, regardingthe settlement of issues related to ensuring the state defence capabilities are considered.The scientific publications on actual questions in this sphere concerningproblems and prospects of increase of defence capability of Ukraine are analysed.The role of intellectual property in all components of Ukraine's defence system hasbeen studied, and it has been noted that unresolved problems in the field of intellectualproperty management pose an increasing threat to Ukraine's national security.The importance of ensuring the protection of intellectual property in the process ofimplementing measures to improve the defence capabilities of the state and the needto improve legislation in this area is defined.Recommendations for improving the regulatory framework for national securityand defence in order to address the problematic issues of intellectual property in thisarea are submitted.State defence capability is the ability of state to defend itself in the event of armedaggression or armed conflict. It consists of material and immaterial elements and is aset of military, economic, social and moral and political potential in the field of defenceand appropriate conditions for its implementation.Resolving the issues of reforming not only the Armed Forces of Ukraine, but firstthe entire state, modernization and rearmament of the Ukrainian army has become avital necessity. Only the solution of this issue will allow to raise the defence capabilityof our state to the proper level for the preservation of independent Ukraine.Ensuring the military security of Ukraine largely depends on equipping the ArmedForces of Ukraine with modern types and models of weapons and military equipment,developed on the basis of intellectual property rights.It is the military-technical sphere where the objects of intellectual property rightsbelonging to the sphere of national security and defence are created, and the state isobliged to ensure their protection. This will increase the competitiveness of the domesticdefence industry and make claims impossible for anyone in the mass productionof weapons and military equipment for their own needs and for exports, which directlyaffects defence capabilities.And this requires proper protection of intellectual property rights both in theprocess of own production of weapons and military equipment, as well as in militarytechnicalcooperation.

Keywords: research and development contracts, research and development collaborationagreements, intellectual property rights, research organisations, universities The practice of regulating intellectualproperty relations in R&D cooperation agreements / R&D contracts between researchinstitutions, universities (academic institutions) and companies in the EU, USA, aswell as in the recommendations of international organizations is studied.It is noted the significant role given in the EU, the USA to the settlement of IP issuesin R&D agreements. It is shown, that the development of model agreements inthe United States is carried out mainly at the university level. In the EU it is significantthe role of the European Commission, national government bodies in the developmentof the agreements.The principal provisions of IP regime in the R&D agreements are noted, which include:identification of Background IP and New IP. Granting Background IP rightsusually on the basis of a non-exclusive royalty license. Consolidation of New IP rightsfor academic institutions. Granting New IP rights on royalty-based licences or paidtransfer of rights.It is noted the importance of possibility of restitution of IP property rights to academicinstitution if the company does not commercialize the granted IP. Also, of the assignmentof IP rights to academic institutions for research and training purposes incases of granting exclusive licenses and transferring property rights.The principles of distribution of intellectual property rights and use of research resultsin R&D agreements are determined, which should be applied in the practice ofconcluding corresponding agreements in Ukraine. Amendments to the Law ofUkraine “On Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activity” are proposed to provide forthe indication of the types of R&D agreements, as well as the principles of using IP inagreements.

The study was aimed to assess urban induced land use land cover changes in the upper Deme watershed. Three satellite images of 1986, 2002, and 2019 were analyzed by ArcGIS and processed by supervised classification. Land use land cover change in the watershed increased for settlement, bare land, and croplands in the period 1986-2019 by 56.6%, 53%, and 0.25%, respectively. However, the land use land cover change in the watershed decreased for a water body, forest, and grassland by 65%, 57.7%, and 7%, respectively. These enforced to change the work habit and social bases. Out of converted lands, during 1986-2002, 34.9%, 53%, 18%, 40.9%, and 10.6% of bare land, cropland, forest land, grassland, and water bodies, respectively, in the upper Deme watershed were changed into settlement areas. During 2002-2019, 30.7%, 36.8%, 26.9%, 66%, and 33.3% of bare land, cropland, forest land, grassland, and water bodies, respectively, were changed into settlement areas. This shows urbanization results in a different change in economic, social, land use land cover, and watershed management activities in the upper Deme watershed.

Behramkale, also known as the ancient city of Assos, has gained considerable national and international visibility after its declaration as an Archaeological site in 1982 and later in 2000 as Urban Archaeological site. The declaration brought with it stringent regulations limiting new constructions and simple extensions in the historical village and opened new construction site outside the ancient city walls for future developments. After declaration, the village has become a major destination for cultural heritage led tourism. This largely growth oriented transformation is concerning as less attention given to shift in class structure. The paper uses the concepts of rural and tourism gentrification to understand this transformation in Behramkale using empirical evidence from a longitudinal, case study approach spanning between 2000 and 2017. The longitudinal, case study documents transformation in terms of (i) demographic and socio-economic changes; (ii) conservation practice in old settlement and development of new settlement; and (iii) change in property prices and ownership. It is seen that the authentic characteristics of the landscape and traditional buildings that is being abandoned but remains desirable have led to a population influx from, bigger cities of Turkey and also other countries, purchasing these homes as a primary or secondary house. This has led to renovation of the existing buildings with an increase in the property prices and displacement of the local population to the new development area. Consequently, the conservation practice in Behramkale served merely encouraging investment in building renovation rather than a function of preserving local community. The paper contributes to limited literature on rural gentrification within the Mediterranean context.

The Wildlife Reserve of Velyka Dobron – which is located next to the village of Velyka Dobron (Hungarian: Nagydobrony), the fourth most populous Hungarian community in Transcarpathia – is the third-largest protected reserve of national importance in the country. We used a Geographic Information System to process and map the historical geographical place names of the settlement and the protected area (pieces of land within the cadastral boundaries but located either outside the settlement boundary or on its outskirts) based on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd military surveys, a cadastral map dating back to 1865 and the documents available in the Beregszász branch of the State Archives of Transcarpathian Oblast (fonds 125, description 6, file 344), as well as literary materials. As a result, a database comprising a list of 57 place names of the area was compiled. Likewise, a map of the pieces of land within the former cadastral boundaries and in the Nagydobron’ Wildlife Reserve was made. Analysis of forest area and land use changes showed that 16 pieces of land within the cadastral boundaries, but located either outside the settlement boundary or on its outskirts, have completely lost their former nature and as a result became part of the inner area of the settlement. Consequently, the compiled database and maps may help to specify the location of the ongoing research and clarify the accurate place of the earlier studies.

Land is the most important element for humans to be able to live, this is because it is where natural and man-made resources grow and are also built. Indonesia regulates land ownership through this land law so that land use or management can be carried out carefully now and in the future. The land issue concerns the most basic rights of the people. The purpose of the study was to determine the consignment process in the District Court as a form of settlement of compensation for toll road land acquisition and its legal consequences. The results showed that the consignment process for compensation began with an application for consignment safekeeping, then an offer was made by the court bailiff accompanied by 2 (two) witnesses at the respondent's residence. The consignment waives the obligation as the debtor, because the consignment can be equated with making payments. All processes must be carried out in a manner that has been regulated by laws and regulations. Consignment is carried out so that government projects continue to run, through a deliberation mechanism that should be a means to find a middle way in determining the amount of compensation, often no agreement is reached. Keywords : Sumatra Toll Road, Consignment, Land Acquisition.

This study analyzes the evolution of the land use structure, demographic reconstruction, and social reconstruction of Dachangshan Island, Changhai County, using a geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing images, the expansion strength index, and coupled system modeling. The findings are as follows: (1) The current development indices of tourism and the ecological environment of Dachangshan Island are approximately 0.30, suggesting medium coordination. The development of tourism has induced the evolution of land use patterns and settlement landscapes, with rural landscapes significantly differing among villages. (2) The spatial reconstruction index of the island is 0.19, suggesting a low level of reconstruction. Additionally, tertiary industries have the largest working population among all industrial sectors and the population structure is unbalanced with evident “hollowing”. (3) Dachangshan Island has witnessed some progress in urban transition, transportation, and other sectors; however, the functional zoning of rural and urban areas remains unclear.

Purpose Public-rented flats in Jakarta Province operated by the Management Unit of Public-Rented Flats (MUPRF) experienced budget cuts for the maintenance and treatment activities during the COVID-19 pandemic that hit Indonesia in the early 2020. Currently, the budgeting scheme of the MUPRF uses the local government’s budget in determining the expenditures of public-rented flat. This papers aims to propose an alternative budgeting scheme for the MUPRF. Design/methodology/approach Soft system methodology (SSM) was adopted to understand the public-rented flats as a whole system, so an alternative budgeting scheme for the MUPRF can be identified and developed. Interviews with an employee of the Department of Community Housing and Settlement of Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Province were conducted. A rich picture, customer, action, transformation, worldview, owner and environment analyses, conceptual model and a proposed model were developed during the process. Findings Based on the SSM, it is found that becoming a local public service agency, the MUPRF can be more independent and flexible in managing their budget. The income generated by the public-rented flats can be used directly for their expenditure. Research limitations/implications Through the SSM, only a conceptual model is developed, which has not yet been implemented in practice. Future studies need to be carried out to evaluate the feasibility of the conceptual model. Originality/value This research analyses the public-rented flat as a whole system through SSM to identify factors and parties that are involved in the daily activities in public-rented flats to propose a suitable alternative for its budgeting scheme.

We investigate the origins of agricultural inheritance traditions, equal partition and primogeniture. Our case study is the German state of Baden-Wurttemberg. Our empirical findings suggest that rural inheritance traditions were primarily determined by geography. First, fertile soils allowed splitting of the land among siblings for longer and with fewer conflicts, and hence we find more equal partition in areas with higher soil quality, especially at elevation levels conducive to intensive agriculture. Second, geography determined the settlement pattern. Areas that were settled before the Middle Ages, when land was abundant and free, are more likely to apply equal partition today. In areas that were largely uninhabited until the Middle Ages, primogeniture is the norm. We argue that these areas were deforested with the obligation of primogeniture, imposed by feudal lords.

Current advances in spatial simulation bring unprecedented possibilities for spatio-temporal modeling. In this paper, we focus on modeling the impact of settlement on land use in the Roman period in the Dutch river area, on the northern frontier of the Roman Empire. During this period, the area witnessed a strong population increase that put more demands on the available land to produce food, not only for the local population, but also for the soldiers stationed on the frontier and the citizens of the newly founded towns. We compare an agent-based model (ABM) of agricultural production in the region (ROMFARMS), and a model using the Past Land Use Scanner (PLUS. Both were used to estimate the effects of increased agricultural demand through simulations of food production, taking into account the available workforce and the productivity and availability of suitable land. However, how should we evaluate the model outcomes? What are the advantages and limitations of each? We discuss issues of scale, temporal resolution and model inputs, together with questions of technical implementation and validation. In this way, we aim to point the way to future researchers to implement these approaches effectively in other contexts.

The task of the Curator in Bankruptcy is to administer and settle the bankruptcy estate. It is also the curator who must carry out the execution of the bankrupt assets. In practice, it is not easy, and there are several obstacles faced, especially when the debtor in bankruptcy is a Limited Liability Company in the form of a State-Owned Enterprise Persero. Until now, there are no assets of BUMN PT Persero (in bankruptcy) that can be executed. The purpose of this study is to find out how the execution of assets of P.T. Kertas Leces Persero (in bankruptcy) and what the curator’s efforts are about it. Theresearch is juridical empirical. The results of the study show: There are two stages of asset execution— management and settlement of bankrupt assets. However, there are still obstacles, both internal and external, with considerable government intervention. The curator’s efforts to deal with these obstacles are by sending letters to all relevant agencies, taking an inventory of the assets and legal documents belonging to P.T. Kertas Leces Persero, which are needed in the process of executing the bankruptcy assets.

Deforestation in the Amazon has reached alarming numbers in recent decades. The main factors causing this issue are not only large and medium-sized farmers, land grabbing, and illegal mining but also agrarian reform settlements, which may be contributing to the increase in deforestation rates. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the dynamics of land use in the rural settlement Santo Antônio do Matupi, located in the south of the State of Amazonas. This time-series study analyzed changes in land use and land cover from 1992 to 2018 using supervised classification techniques. In this scenario, simulations were carried out of the dynamics of land use for the period between 2028 and 2038 using the cellular automaton method of Markov (CAMARKOV). The results show that, in the studied period, the greatest losses were in primary forests and that the most critical period of deforestation rates recorded was from 2004 to 2018 when 63.28% of the area was converted into pastures. Future scenarios based on the period studied indicate losses of up to 5.26% of areas occupied by forests by 2028, and a further 5.60% by 2038, exceeding 80% of the total area deforested in the settlement. This study demonstrates that the current model of land use and occupation practiced in the settlement is unsustainable and that future scenarios are worrying. This situation highlights a need to effectively implement programs that aim a sustainable rural development in the settlement, in addition to monitoring and controlling deforestation, designed for current managers and other sectors of the society concerned with the conservation and preservation of forests.

Bangladesh is enriched with beautiful traditional indigenous cultures. Different indigenous peoples with their distinctive existences also considerably create an enhance values and lifestyles to the socio-cultural sectors of Bangladesh [1]. Habitually, these indigenous communities have been comparable to live a large combined family to shear their lifestyles [2]. Presently the country has 45 indigenous communities who are living in different locations. All indigenous people within this country have their own style to build their settlements with special techniques to keep them safe and sound from all types of natural and environmental vulnerabilities and also enhance their knowledge of construction techniques and lifestyle. Rakhain is one of them with very small number of people are still living in different regions within the country which have their own system of building techniques. Study found that for several hundreds of years Rakhains are strictly following their indigenous prescription of house and settlement pattern. Although like other indigenous people of this country, they have mountains of problems, such as forced land occupation, lack of security and minority characteristics. Above all, forced political separation has gradually drowned them in the abysmal pit of marginal destiny. This has turned them into exiles in their own land. As a result, many of them are being forced to leave the country and as a result they misplaced their native knowledge and technique to construct. Thus, this study will initially focus on to search for the distinctiveness of their settlement pattern and building construction techniques and lifestyle. Again, in view of their problems, knowledge and experiences concerning archetype, built and house pattern, this study will finally explain how Rakhains accumulate their every distinctiveness from history and for present and future invention.

Purpose: Mediation is one of the alternative forms of resolving legal disputes. Consider-ing the importance of mediation in shaping social attitudes, and due to the scope of rele-vant possibilities introduced by the Polish legislator into the legal system, in this article we analyze the institution of mediation from the perspective of its application in real es-tate disputes, whose low costs and less formal nature compared to court trials relieve public funds, having a positive impact on the state's economic security policy. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was carried out using the method of problem analysis and synthesis, and its main goal was to systemize the research field for future studies. Findings: The analysis highlights the enormous potential of mediation as an alternative method of dispute resolution, for real estate disputes. It was found that mediation can be highly beneficial for entities that choose this way of proceeding. This implies not only financial advantage, understood as optimizing the costs of proceedings, but also image-related benefits. Practical Implications: The problems tackled in the article may contribute to increased awareness of alternative dispute resolution methods, especially mediation. The analyses carried out in this paper should be of value to entrepreneurs but also to natural persons who may find themselves in a dispute with real estate entities. Business owners should therefore pay attention to several legal and economic benefits that can be achieved with the use of mediation, especially that its use optimizes the level of the state's economic security policy pursued in this area. Originality: The paper explores the problems of public and economic life that have not been much discussed in the literature in the context of solving real estate disputes. Entities that are unable to dialogue during real estate disputes may show a less conciliatory atti-tude, focused on escalating the conflict and getting their own way, rather than trying to constructively resolve the dispute, a situation which generates additional costs, especially in real estate business transactions, not only for the parties but also for the State Treasury., peer-reviewed

Based on this perspective, the type of legal research is carried out through Empirical Legal Research. In fact, a lot is done in the life of the Moi Tribe. It’s carried out by buying and selling which is accompanied by a letter of land release with a compensation fee given as proof that the land has been released or transferred to the party in need. In other words, the four things above are done by buying and selling land, so it must be done in cash where the transfer of land rights by the land owner (the seller) is carried out together with the payment by another party (the buyer).

This resarch reviews disputes revolving around the division of joint property after a divorce in the Central Aceh Regency using the methods; discussion with family, discussion by involving the customary institution Sarak Opat, and filing a claim to the Takengon Syar’iyah Tribunal. In general, division of joint property in the Central Aceh Regency is done by discussion through the customary institution Sarak Opat. The division of joint property after a divorce in the Central Aceh Regency that is done through discussion takes into account which household the child grew up in and how much money that household makes. Although this is not in accordance with the provisions of Indonesia’s Marriage Law and the Islamic Law Compilation, it may be in accordance with Article 37 of Indonesia’s Marriage Law and that this would not violate the rules within Islamic Law nor Customary Law, since in its core within Islamic Law and Customary Law there are specific rules regarding percentage of division of joint property following a divorce

The writing of this study aims to examine and analyze the role of BPN in resolving dual certificate disputes using the Contrarius Actus Principle (case study of BPN Maluku Dispute No. Reg. Case: 02/SKP/2018). This research is an empirical legal research, using a sociological approach. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded as follows: The resolution of the dual certificate dispute No. Reg. Case: 02/SKP/2018 by the Maluku BPN is based on the Contrarius Actus principle, so that the recommendation from the Maluku BPN states that in the context of orderly land administration the existence of a Property Rights Certificate Number 893/Tawiri on behalf of Simon Sipasulta as the last owner overlapping on the land of Ownership Certificate Number. 346/Tawiri on behalf of Marthen Hentiana is deemed necessary to be immediately canceled in accordance with the mechanism as stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of BPN RI Number. 11 of 2016 concerning Settlement of Land Cases.

It is believed that since the advent of agriculture, changes in land use and land cover (LULC) have happened. However, rates, extents and intensities of LULC changes have become more aggravated at all levels. The current study aims to examine the dynamics and perceptions of LULC change in the last four decades (1973-2013) in Aykoleba, Ethiopia using a combination of remote sensing data and the ground truth data. Focus group discussions were employed to obtain data on the status of land degradation. Remote sensing data were obtained using Landsat imageries of MSS (1973), Landsat TM, 1986 and 2000, and Landsat ETM+ (2013) with 30 m spatial resolution. ArcGIS10.2 and ERDAS Imagine13.1 were used to generate LULC classes. Accordingly, four LULC classes were identified, of which forest and bare LULC have been augmented by 8.8 and 54.9%, respectively. The escalation in forest cover is associated with plantation of eucalyptus near the home gardens, farmlands, and degraded areas. Nevertheless, open bush and grassland, and cultivated and settlement land cover classes were lessened by 27.4 and 37.8%, respectively although increase in bare land is related to abandonment of the cultivated land in hilly and sloppy areas, and overgrazing, among other factors. The local community perceived that population pressure is a top driver of LULC change in the study area. Overgrazing and lack of appropriate land use policy are also significant causes of change. Thus, the establishment of land use plan and appropriate population policy is recommended in Ethiopia. Key words: Analysis, dynamics, Ethiopia, land cover, land use.

In Agni society in Cote d'Ivoire in general, we are increasingly witnessing the dynamics of intergenerational relationships which are often illustrated by the process of depreciation of the elderly. However, among the Agni of the Djuablin region, we note the social usefulness of the elderly through their participation in the settlement of conflicts over land management. This research therefore aims to analyze the social participation of the elderly in the settlement of land disputes in this region. In a qualitative approach, the sampling by reasoned choice made it possible to retain five (5) villages where land conflicts are rife on a recurring basis. Over a discontinuous period of three months, from March 11 to June 15, 2020, semi-structured individual and group interviews were conducted with 30 actors, including 10 aged 60 or over (village chiefs and notables) and 20 other actors: Collective and institutional. From the thematic analysis of the speeches, it emerges that the Agni have various representations of the earth: An inalienable good, soul, life, wealth and the reproduction of social identity. Also, the absence of laws following the independence of Cote d'Ivoire, the new legal provisions for the appropriation of land, the juxtaposition of customary and modern systems of succession, the modification of the social environment, resulting from urbanization have been cited as the origins of conflicts. These break down into intra-group or intra-family conflicts within the same group or family. The resolution of these conflicts requires the participation of the elderly, with regard to the social prestige linked to their status as patriarchs and their relationship to the divinity who legitimizes their power. Key words: Social participation, elderly, land conflicts, Cote d'Ivoire.

The article shows the current situation in the real estate market. The publication considers the main problems of financing investment and construction projects, as well as the use of the escrow account mechanism. The study also proposes the main ways to solve the existing issues. The main focus of the research paper is on the lack of explanations regarding the ability of banks to dispose of money in escrow accounts, credit conditions, as well as the growth in real estate prices when developers switch to a new mechanism of settlement with shareholders. In addition, the authors analysed the pricing policy of developers before and after amendments to Federal Law No. 214-FZ, dated on December 30, 2004 “On Participation in Shared-Equity Construction of Apartment Buildings and Other Real Estate Objects and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”. The study presents the possible consequences of introducing amendments to the law, switching to escrow accounts.

Equitable distribution of settlement infrastructure is one of the current regional government programs. However, the high budget for residential infrastructure every year is not directly proportional to the quality of the infrastructure buildings realization. Good construction project control is available for every work implementation activity, but not all construction actors can apply it correctly. Weak project control resulted in construction failure and not achieving project objectives. This study aims to analyze the most dominant risk of construction failure and respond to construction failure mitigation using the Soft System Methodology. Variables that caused construction failure were the low quality of human resources who occupy the highest rank, the quality of work that is not in accordance with specifications, inappropriate planning, low levels of supervision and a culture of contractors that have not prioritized the quality of construction work; they are factors that cause road construction and residential infrastructure failures in Bekasi Regency. The conceptual model in the form of packaging work that is tailored to the capabilities of Human Resources is one of the recommended model options, hence that work can be completed in accordance with predetermined specifications.

In the contemporaneity, the issues of land or soil consumption and of the protection of areas that, within the urban areas, provide ecosystem services (ESs) is becoming increasingly important also in relation of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. The concept of "Ecosystem Service" appears, in this respect, a fruitful support to define the land consumption effects on the loss of functionality and of settlement quality. Following this considerations the paper presents the first results of a research developed in Tuscany and commissioned by the Regional Government. The research aims to measure the loss of ESs in connection with land use/land cover transformations, and to verify the contribution of soil consumption to these variations. The research use methodologies for elaborating of the geographical data required for territorial governance, LUCL 2010/2016 and Land Cover Flow (LCF) model, and the theoretical model of the “Capacity matrix” to provide ecosystem services.

Urban areas have the character of increasingly dense buildings and less land that can be used for green infrastructure. So that the option to increase green open space is increasingly difficult. Along with the population growth in Kampung Arab and the low number of public facilities, the environment became very crowded and have less adequate public open spaces for the residents who lived here. Kampung Arab itself is a settlement dominated by Muslim residents who have been in this area for a long time. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of applying the pocket garden concept to Islamic residential kasawan which is currently in a congested condition. The first step is to collect data from observations, surveys and literature selection. Then, the method used to analyze is discourse analysis and selective criteria. These two processes show the results in the form of the benefits of the pocket garden concept in settlements, a map of the location at a point in Kampung Arab which can be used as a pocket garden and a map of the distance from the pocket garden to the surrounding house. These findings explain that the concept of green open space for narrow land can improve the quality of life for urban communities, especially those in Kampung Arab. Therefore, the application of the concept as a concept that is suitable for use in the future both in planning and designing in Kampung Arab, urban areas of the population. There are related professions that can work using this system such as spatial policy makers, planners, and architects.

In the conditions of proper functioning of society, the settlement of labor relations is a remarkably relevant issue, especially during global crises and shocks. Significant changes in the regulation of this issue in almost all countries have introduced the initiation of quarantine due to the quarantine regime. Fulfilling the duty of states to guarantee the protection and realization of the right to work in special conditions is a priority in ensuring the proper functioning of human life. The object of the study is the constitutional guarantees of the right to work due to the quarantine regime. The purpose of the work is to analyze the constitutional guarantees of the right to work in a COVID-19 pandemic. During the study, the following methods were used: historical, generalization, formal-legal, analysis of normative documents, articles, and monographs, comparative-legal, and the social-legal experiment. As a conclusion of the study, the peculiarities of the transformation of constitutional rights in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic were analyzed. In addition, the results of the analysis of regulations and opinions of several scientists established an extensive system of guarantees of the right to work, clarified problematic issues in the field of ensuring the right to work in a pandemic COVID-19.

Namibia currently undergoes a rapid process of urbanisation of 4% annually, visible through an exponential informal settlement growth. Alternative measurement methods in cadastral mapping could sec...

Transport is one of the important factors influencing the arrangement of spatial relations and creating of spatial interactions in society. This proposition can also be applied to the forming of links within an urban system. In connection with this it is possible to point out that, to a large extent, the arrangement of transport relations also predetermines monocentric or polycentric organization of urban systems. The paper deals with an analysis of these connections, both in theory and in practice. The example of the eastern part of the Czech Republic, based on public transport supply, serves to identify transport interactions between 51 centres that make daily interactions between them possible. Apart from the typology of spatial pattern of the found transport interactions the paper also quantifies the benefits for the population of the centres, brought about by potential polycentricity (e.g. a greater plurality of choices regarding the place of daily activities). The benefits are analyzed by means of the calculation of the daily economic potential expressed as the total number of accessible jobs. Dopravní vztahy mezi středisky osídlení ve východní části ČR a jejich potenciál k formování polycentricity Doprava patří k důležitým faktorům, které ovlivňují uspořádání prostorových vztahů a vytváření prostorových interakcí ve společnosti. Tuto tezi lze aplikovat i na problematiku formování vazeb v rámci sídelního systému. V souvislosti s tím je možné zdůraznit, že organizace dopravních vazeb mezi středisky osídlení do značné míry předurčuje i jejich monocentrické, respektive polycentrické uspořádání. V příspěvku je pozornost věnována rozboru těchto souvislostí jak v teoretické, tak i v praktické rovině. Na příkladu území ve východní části Česka jsou prostřednictvím nabídky spojů hromadné dopravy identifikovány dopravní vztahy mezi 51 středisky, které umožňují vznik každodenních interakcí mezi nimi. Kromě typologie prostorové konfigurace nalezených dopravních vazeb je výstupem článku i kvantifikace přínosů, které potenciální polycentričnost obyvatelům středisek přináší (např. vyšší pluralita voleb místa realizace každodenních činností). Přínosy jsou analyzovány prostřednictvím výpočtu tzv. denního ekonomického potenciálu vyjádřeného jako celkové množství dostupných pracovních příležitostí.

Bunaken National Park was designation based on the Decree of the Minister of Forestry Number: SK. 734 / Menhut-II / 2014. Boundary demarcation process of Bunaken National Park in Mantehage Island was rejected by the community due to land claims in the form of gardens and settlements. This study puposes to answer how the state of land cover and use of the Mantehage Island and how the tenurial conflicts. The analysis used is spatial analysis and Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RaTA). The results indicate that land cover and use consisted of primary mangrove forests, dry land agriculture, mixed gardens, scrub, settlements and roads. Conflict occurred between the community and the Forest Area Boundary Committee for North Minahasa Regency because the community did not understand the boundary demarcation activitiess and regulations that could provide a solution to their land conflict problems. Conflict resolution mechanisms that can be taken is the settlement of third-party rights in boundary demarcation process, review of spatial planning and conservation partnerships. Keywords: tenurial conflict, boundary demarcation, Bunaken National Park, conservation partnerships

During the first half of the 19th century, Western Texas was a “trap baited with grass” that attracted migrants hoping to farm. When settlers on the wrong side of an unknown, invisible line could not build successful farms, residents in those counties voted to remain in the Union at far higher rates than residents in neighboring counties who could farm. The connection between the vote and economic interest was obvious, as those without suitable land could not make use of enslaved labor, which was too expensive given the implicit marginal product of labor. Because the location of settlement was plausibly random, these results highlight the importance of economic interest as a determinant of even fundamental moral beliefs that affect vote choice.

The study is dedicated to land reallotment in the course of land use alteration in Ukraine. The case of the development of an individual residential block in an agricultural area is considered. The issue of the alteration of the spatial characteristics of land plots and changes in their designated use have been highlighted. The objective of the article is the substantiation of land reallotment at the level of an individual residential block on agricultural land which is privately owned by a number of landowners. The preconditions for the development of land reallotment in a rural‑type settlement in the suburban area of a big city have been substantiated. Alternative approaches to land reallotment have been suggested. A comparative analysis of the suggested approaches and their practical approbation have been carried out. The change of land plot spatial characteristics in the course of reallotment by means of various reallotment scenarios has been analysed. Land plot value after reallotment in each scenario has been specified. The practicability of each approach depending on the initial conditions has been substantiated. The research can be used in the course of rural settlement development planning, the coordination of measures on land use type alteration with landowners and land users, with private landowners or the implementation of local community initiatives.

Resettlement program is considered as a response to tackle the problems of food insecurity, unproductive agriculture, and the ill-being of resettled community. However, large implementation of the program gives rise to socio-economic and environmental related issues particularly natural resource degradation, which causes land use and land cover (LULC) change in the study area. This study was carried out to analyze implication of resettlement on LULC change in Esira district by applying geospatial techniques. Accordingly, to achieve the intended objectives, three sets of Landsat images with different study period were used. Thus, five major LULC classes were identified using maximum likelihood supervised classification techniques. Post classification change detection technique was also used to identify land transformation from one LULC class to other classes. The finding of the study shows that, from 1990 to 2019, there was increment in settlement and cropland with respective values of 11.9% to 32%, and 21.7% to 28%. In expense of this, grassland, forest and bare land were decreased from 29.2% to 14.7%, 26.2% to 16.6% and 12.8% to 8.33%, respectively. Fragmented and unplanned resettlement program would result in natural resource depletion particularly deforestation. So, based on the findings, well-planned resettlement program and sensible land use system is recommended.

The land conflicts that have occurred in talonang village, Sekongkang sub-district, West Sumbawa regency originated from the victims of the 1977 Tjunami.On October 17, 1992, the Governor of West Nusa Tenggara issued Decree No. Ropang District and Jereweh District. In 2012, the Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia once encouraged investment in the reserve area. Among them is working with the company PT. Dongfang Sisal Group itd, then Gandng China developed and it is the material used to make ropes and make it a superior product. Finally, the West Sumbawa Regency Government gave a permit to PT. Sumbawa Agro Island for sisal cultivation. This incident raises a question about the status of the land which is the object of the dispute between PT. Sumbawa Agro Island with the Talonang Indigenous Peoples and how the District Government's policies in resolving disputes between PT. Sumbawa Agro Island with the Talonang Indigenous Peoples of the District. West Sumbawa ?. The method used is juridical empirical with an approach to cases, facts and history to find out the existing problems. The settlement process was carried out by means of mediation by the West Sumbawa Regency Government.

In 2015, the billionaire Douw Steyn launched a mixed-use megaproject 27 km north of downtown Johannesburg. Plans for Steyn City include 10,000 high-end residential units along with private hospitals, schools, a golf course, an equestrian centre and 2000 acres of parkland behind a 3-m-high perimeter wall. The launch attracted some critique in the media for the exclusive environment that the development sought to create, an ambition that seemed particularly incongruous given its close proximity to the poor settlement of Diepsloot. In response, the developers argued that the project had created more than 11,000 jobs and that wealthy people should invest close to places that need work and livelihood opportunities. This paper is based on interviews with workers who live in Diepsloot and travel each day into Steyn City to work for subcontractors building infrastructure, housing and social facilities. The empirical material shows that although these workers acknowledge the opportunity of employment, they are aware these jobs are uncertain, mostly low-skilled and insufficient to cover the basic costs of everyday life in Diepsloot.

Estas campañas de excavación han servido para ir conociendo mejor la distribución derestos medievales que se conservan en el terreno conocido como Castillo de Valtierra.Hasta la fecha hemos localizado estructuras bajomedievales que se localizan en el perímetroy que es necesario sondear en próximas campañas para poder conocer la plantade la parte principal fortificada. Por otro lado, se constata el potencial arqueológicoque presentan las estructuras urbanas del poblamiento islámico, situadas la planicie delterreno, y que se fechan entre los siglos IX al XII, con una conservación excepcional ymuy difícil de encontrar en el valle del Ebro y la península.

This study was aimed to determine the settlement of disputes regarding the distribution of inheritance to substitute heirs left by their grandparents in terms of Islamic law and to determine the position of substitute heirs for the assets according to Al-Quran and Hadith provisions. The data collection technique used in this study was a normative legal research methodology based on a literature study. From this research, it is known that (a) The rights of grandchildren as substitute heirs to replace their deceased parents are the same as the rights which obtained by their mother's sister. It caused by the 2 sons and 3 daughters so that the distribution of inheritance is based on a ratio of 2:1. In accordance with the provisions of Q.S An-Nisaa'/7:4. To give the inheritance to a grandchild who replaces their deceased parents’ position, he/she can use a mandatory will so that he/she can receive the inheritance left by their grandparents. And if there is a dispute regarding the distribution of inheritance to the replacement heirs, it should be resolved by a mediation process as a tools of dispute resolution because it is considered as faster, easier, and less costly than the litigation process, (b) Al-Quran does not regulate the provisions regarding substitute heirs, but the Article 185 of the Islamic Law Compilation stipulates that the substitute heirs can replace their parents and the asset share of substitute heirs,must not exceed the share of the heirs which is equal to was replaced.

This study aims to understand the relationship between social structure and morphological character based on a case area from Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey considering several independent (cultural diversity, family type, income level, ownership status) and dependent (land use type, land cover, building type, building layout, settlement type, settlement pattern, street pattern, commercial pattern) variables. Existing data is processed in two steps and analyzed by categorical regression. Results of the study show that urban character of the Kadikoy historical city center is closely related with family type, income level and cultural diversity. As this study has unique contributions in search for alternative methodologies to overcome limitations in the availability of data, it is expected to open new dimensions for further studies in social sciences and urban studies.

The state is responsible for protecting the entire Indonesian nation through the implementation of housing and settlement areas so that people are able to live and occupy decent and affordable houses in a healthy, safe, harmonious and sustainable environment throughout Indonesia. Implementation of Self-Help Housing Stimulant Assistance (BSPS) is carried out through activities to improve the quality of self-help houses and the construction of new self-help houses as well as incentives for the construction of new self-help houses in the form of infrastructure, facilities and public utilities. One of the areas targeted by the BSPS program is Nagari Bungo Pasang Salido. This study aims to 1). evaluate the results of the implementation of the BSPS Program and see the results of its achievements in terms of security and standard housing structures for beneficiaries, 2). improve the quality of basic research results and produce scientific publications in reputable international scientific journals. This research uses the direct method by distributing questionnaires to the recipients of the BSPS program assistance. The results of this research show that the study of the achievement of the BSPS program for the beneficiary community is very good, with a questionnaire result with a percentage of 100%. The study on the safety of beneficiaries in occupying a house that is suitable for habitation with the feasibility of a fairly good structure, where the average percentage is 76.5% consisting of 7 indicators with 6 indicators worth 100% and 1 indicator worth 35.7%. The results of the Achievement of the Standards for Habitable House Structures for the BSPS Program in Structure Development, the average result is 97.19% consisting of 14 indicators.

High population density has been associated with disease susceptibility. To address this problem many suggest that the negative effects of population density can be reduced by interacting with nature as a restorative activity. This study aims to determine how the elderly in the residential areas on the banks of the Winongo river, Ngampilan District, Yogyakarta City with high population density interact with nature in the riverside environment, and what form of space is needed. This study uses a deductive exploratory method with elderly respondents who are active on the riverbank. The results showed that the riverside space which is used as a space for interaction between the elderly and nature is a room with sitting facilities, walls that are not closed, and shade that is not too tight. Interactions with nature that occur can be in the form of physical restoration, recreation, domestic, and mitigation activities. The activity of seeing water levels as flood mitigation is the most dominant form. Physical limitations make elderly people more aware of disasters along the riverbanks. A space that makes it easier for the elderly to do disaster anticipation activities needs to be prepared for long-term planning.

The article analyzes the demographic aspects and economic potential of the city of Shumsk as one of the structural elements of the Volyn properties of the princely house of the Radziwills in the second half of the 18th century. The inventory of this privately owned city and its informative potential was used as a basis for understanding the socio-economic aspects of the everyday life in the cities of Volyn at the time. In 1747 the Malynsky family sold Shumsk to the Radziwills. At the time of the acquisition of the property, the new owners gained a leading position among the magnates of the Ukrainian lands. The Radziwills significantly developed the city plan, expanded its infrastructure, and took care of its cultural and religious landscape. Overall, the new owners seemingly wanted to increase the significance of the settlement in terms of trade, economy and spiritual importance. Despite their large-scale efforts, the city continued to be under the influence of notably more powerful Volyn estates of the representatives of this princely house. At the time, the city and its citizens were considerably involved in the agricultural sector and did not have the opportunity to significantly strengthen the craft component. In fact, they often had to combine the former and the latter since the craft did not yet allow completely abandoning agricultural activities. In the second half of the 18th century, being an estate and economic unit of the Volyn estates of the Radziwills, Shumsk was closely connected with the neighboring town of Rokhmanov.

The development of an urban area and the increasing totally of population growth greatly affect the need for land. To satisfy these needs, the land changes into built land which causes the density of an area. This study aims to analyze the development pattern of built land and the spatial structure of Bandung City. The data used are the 2015-2020 Landsat 8 time series imagery, the 2019 SPOT-6 imagery, and the administrative boundary map. The analytical methods used to identify and differentiate between built and non-built land classes are NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and the OTSU method with a threshold of 0.1. Based on the analysis, the results obtained are that the changes in the area of built and non-built land in 2015 amounted to 7,115.9 Ha and in 2017 it was 5,977.3 Ha and for 2 years the area decreased by 4%. Meanwhile, in 2017-2019 there was an increase of 2%, and in 2020 it decreased by 2% again. Based on the results of the analysis, the development pattern of land developed in the city of Bandung generally spreads from the city center to the suburbs, which are used as service / government centers, trade and service areas, and infrastructure. With this spreading pattern, the spatial structure is in the form of multiple nuclei or evenly distributed throughout the city of Bandung, where the City Center or CBD is used as a landmark for the surrounding areas. The high development pattern of built land has an impact on the surrounding environment, especially residential areas that have high building density causing the settlement area to become slum and reduce water catchment areas. The conclusion of this study is that the changes in the built-in land from 2015-2020 decreased by 3%, with the development pattern of the constructed land spreading out following the form of the road network, both arterial, collector and local roads.

The article explores the issue of the function of shopping centres, in particular the analysis of the impact of their presence on society and the local development of cities and regions. Regarding the empirical aspect, the examples of Poznań (Poland) and Varna (Bulgaria) will be presented. As a result of similar socio‑economic conditions and joining the European Union at almost the same moment, all comparative studies reflecting preferences and market reactions seem both viable and interesting. In addition, the two cities chosen for the studies occupy a similar place in the hierarchy of the settlement network in their countries. They are large, well‑developed centres that attract the attention of investors from various segments of the real estate market. The research is part of the modelling of preferences of shopping centre customers areas, which in particular supports the investment decisions of developers operating in the analysed real estate market, and at the same time permits a diagnosis of social satisfaction. A derivative of the research is also the reconstruction of the effects of the functioning of large‑scale shopping malls in two Central‑Eastern European countries.

Distribution of the estate is one of the most important issues in the human life. The property acquired through the distribution of the estate can lead to an individual’s future. Some people assume that property is used as measure of the success of a person’s life, so there will be room for the disputation in the authority of the estate. The existence of a dispute in the inheritance division takes place in various forms, some of the which caused the inheritance to be divided only after so long as the inherited person died, some also due to the uncertain estate position, and some of the heirs who deliberately committed crucial documents such as death letter, agreement letter and soon. The delay in applying for settlement of the estate after the death of the property owner (deceased) is a common phenomenon occurring in our society. Many cases are not properly addressed by the heirs and have not been resolved immediately even though the death has taken place for several years. There are certain cases which took decades to complete, and even death cases that took place before the Japanese occupation period had not yet been resolved. The community of ours seems to be trivial about the settlement and division of this estate. They seem to be unaware that the postponement in the division creates a very large legal and law. Any estate that left by the deceased should be manage as soon as possible to avoid any other problem that might be occur in the future. There are several applicants who are eligible to apply and manage the estate by the deceased in the Small Estate Distribution Act 1955. Section 8 (1) of the Small Estate Distribution Act provides for the parties who may apply, one of them is head of community or penghulu or placement officer. This paper will discuss the roles of penghulu to assist the community in management of estate, especially unclaimed estate.

Land ownership and land mastery are two things that build rural structures in the community. In the peasant community, the Agrarian structure becomes the determinant of other aspects of life, such as agricultural production rate, income level as well as economic and other social factors. The importance of Agrarian structure in the peasant community makes researchers conduct a study aimed at analysing the typology of the Agrarian structure of transmigrant farmers in South Konawe Province of Southeast Sulawesi through a combination of ownership aspects and mastery aspects. This research used qualitative methods by taking one case, namely in the Transmigration Settlement Unit (UPT) Arongo in Southeast Sulawesi Province. The results showed that through the combination of aspects of land ownership and land mastery as a form of Agrarian structure, there are three typologies of Agrarian structure form in the UPT. Arongo, owning and mastering agricultural land, owning but not mastering land and not owning but mastering land. To achieve Agrarian transformation, the ideal typology of Agrarian structures for peasant communities is in the form of Agrarian structures in which people own land while mastering it so that land management is optimal.

The availability of accurate land data is useful in planning, policymaking, regional development, and preserving the environment. Banda Aceh is the center of education and development in Aceh, Indonesia, which is located in the coastal area. The tsunami has had a significant impact on development and settlements in Banda Aceh. Currently, settlements in Banda Aceh rapidly grow also the need for land and water resources. Therefore, mapping the potential for residential land in Banda Aceh is required. This study examines land suitability in Banda Aceh based on the FAO salinity criteria and spatial data analysis by remote sensing methods. Based on the results, it is known that Banda Aceh has land suitable for settlement of around 85% or 2975 hectares. These areas are generally located close to watersheds and receive sufficient freshwater input. Meanwhile, areas far from rivers and close to the coast have brackish salinity. This area is not suitable as a residential area. There are about three sub-districts in Banda Aceh which are not suitable for settlement.Keywords:KrigingRemote sensingSettlementSalinity mappingCoastalBanda Aceh