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The demand for consumption vegetables, especially romaine lettuce, can be balanced with hydroponic-based production which can optimize the area of land to produce maximum production with good quality. Increasing the efficiency of romaine lettuce production using substrate hydroponics can be increased by using the combination of the growing media and the intervals of nutrients. This research aims to study the interaction between the combination of growung media and the interval of nutrients and to study the effect of these two factors on the growth and yield of romaine lettuce in a substrate hydroponic system. The research was conducted from April to June 2023 at the Angkasa Greenhouse, AR Saleh Air Base Complex, Pakis District, Malang Regency. This research used a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with 9 treatments of a combination of growing media and AB mix nutrient solution intervals with 3 replications. The results showed that there was an interaction between the combination of growing media and the interval of AB mix nutrition on the leaf area per plant and root length. The combination of husk charcoal and cocopeat gave higher yields on the total fresh weight, root fresh weight, crown fresh weight, and consumption fresh weight compared to other treatments. Interval treatment of AB mix once every 2 days gave the same results compared to the interval of giving AB mix once every 1 day on the canopy width and leaf chloropyll content so that the interval of giving AB mix every 2 days was considered more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the International Working Group led by the Islamic Research and Training Institute has developed guidelines known as the Zakat Core Principles for effective Zakat supervision. While these efforts represent significant progress and are widely adopted in the Islamic world, we argue that the efforts miss a key piece of the cultural and moral normative frameworks by not examining how Muslim public's support could influence the effectiveness of alternative supervision methods. In environments where transparency and disclosure are prioritised, these cultural and moral norms play a crucial role in differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate zakat transactions. However, the International Working Group primarily emphasises financial reporting and institutional development, which often overlook these cultural and moral dimensions essential for effective zakat supervision. This article draws insights from international practices, such as the Islamic Bank of Thailand's zakat account, where funds are managed within Islamic financial institutions under stringent supervision, and the Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah's approach to risk management and public accountability. It argues for adopting an integrated approach that incorporates normative and cultural dimensions, aligned with Indonesia's religious and social contexts, for a more comprehensive zakat supervision and fund management strategy. This approach will not only improve the efficiency of zakat distribution but also enhance public trust in zakat institutions, leading to increased zakat collection and a greater positive impact on those in need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study contributes to understanding ecological changes in land use following slash-and-burn land clearing. This study aimed to compare the richness and density of plant species and soil fertility in farmland cultivated for one year (1 Y), three years (3 Y), and five years (5 Y) after slash-andburn, with the conditions in the secondary forest (SF) in Berau Regency of East Kalimantan. Understory plant taxon types, numbers, and soil organic matter were measured in each region using a series of nested plots. The size of each observation plot was 20 x 100 m. Data on understory vegetation composition was collected using 1 x 1 m mini plots at 20 sampling points and divided into five blocks, with a 10 m spacing between sampling points on each property. Understory vegetation species and cover percentage, litter cover percentage, open soil percentage, and soil fertility were measured for each observation plot. The results showed that the land cover percentage increased each year during the 5 years transition from secondary forest to farmland. Furthermore, within the 5 years, there was a change in understory species, particularly the presence of grasses and sedges at 3 and 5 years after the land use change. However, the transition from secondary forest to farmland within 5 years did not alter soil organic matter and total nitrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menggalakkan budaya menulis seseorang sejak berada di sekolah dasar usia 7-11 tahun, sehingga ketika seseorang itu menempuh dunia pendidikan di Perguruan Tinggi ia telah memiliki keterampilan dalam hal tulis-menulis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa metode kualitatif deskriptif yang disusun dengan sebuah narasi berdasarkan data-data yang telah diperoleh dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Selain itu, observasi juga menjadi sebuah metode penelitian dalam mengamati perilaku mahasiswa dalam mengungkapkan gagasan melalui tulisan yang sangat kontras jika dibandingkan dengan kemampuan berbicaranya. Data-data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan memanfaatkan kuisioner yang telah diisi oleh mahasiswa tentang pentingnya budaya menulis fiksi sejak berada dalam sekolah dasar. Hasil penelitian berupa argumen mahasiswa tentang pentingnya pengenalan budaya menulis sejak sekolah dasar yang telah dikenalkan karangan pengalaman pribadi bertajuk fiksi. Penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa kesulitan-kesulitan yang dialami oleh mahasiswa dalam menulis masih banyak ditemukan, hal itu terjadi karena minimnya frekuensi membaca dan anggapan bahwa menulis itu sulit diterapkan sehingga mereka banyak yang memilih berbicara langsung dari pada menulis. Kata kunci: Eskalasi, menulis, fiksi, sekolah dasar.

Justice Collaborator aims to facilitate evidence and prosecution as well as fully reveal a crime, especially those related to organized crime. However, not everyone who commits a crime as a perpetrator wants to become a justice collaborator for various reasons, including a lack of legal protection. The formulation of the problem is 1. What is the legal protection for justice collaborators in narcotics crimes so far? 2. What is the ideal concept of legal protection for justice collaborators in the criminal justice process, especially narcotics, in the future? This research uses a type of normative research with statutory, comparative and conceptual approaches. The research results show that in Indonesia, only a few perpetrators of narcotics crimes are willing to become justice collaborators, one of the reasons is the lack of legal protection. The ideal concept of legal protection for justice collaborators in the criminal justice process, especially narcotics, in the future is carried out by reconstructing regulations regarding justice collaborators. Reconstruction can be carried out using two alternatives, namely: reconstructing the Witness and Victim Protection Law, or creating separate regulations regarding justice collaborators in the form of a law.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of religiosity and customer trust on brand loyalty among Generation Z (Muslim consumers in Indonesia), during a particular timeframe (post-Israeli-Palestinian conflict), thereby adding nuanced insights to consumer behavior research in a globalized context. The study is located in Cirebon, Indonesia, with research subjects namely consumers who buy products from McDonald's and people who follow the issue of boycotting Israeli products from the Palestinian conflict among FEB Management students of Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati. The results of the fit model test show that religious values and consumer trust significantly impact McDonald's brand loyalty in the Z generation. Consumer trust has a positive and significant effect on Brand loyalty (Z), with the remaining (1 - 0.505) = 0.495 (49.5%), which is influenced by other variables not determined by the model. This research contributes by bridging the gap between religious values, consumer trust, and brand loyalty, in the post-israeli conflict Z generation (Generation Z, Muslims in Indonesia). The study suggests strengthening the involvement of consumers through social media and promotional events, while also considering the importance of religious beliefs in decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to analyze the influence of E-Service Quality and Service Features on Customer Trust among Gojek application users. The data in this research was collected through distributing questionnaires and analyzed using quantitative analysis. The population taken was students at Swadaya Gunung Jati University with a sample of level 4 students. The sample taken was 208 respondents using a non-probability sampling technique, namely purposive sampling. In this study, the data was processed using SPSS version 25 with cross descriptive model analysis (Crosstab), as well as the relationship between the respondent's character and the question variables. And to test the data using validity and reliability tests. The research results show that EService Quality has a significant influence on Customer Trust, Service Features have a significant influence on Customer Trust, and the two variables between E-Service Quality and Service Features both have a significant influence on Customer Trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on sustainable marketing is mapped using bibliometric analysis, which offers a thorough picture of the field's current condition and future directions. By means of bibliometric analysis using VosViewer and the collection of 1.385 articles, the study indicates a noteworthy increase in publications and citations concerning the subject matter during the last ten years. Several important clusters actively studying Sustainable Marketing, including sustainable consumer behavior, sustainability orientation, consumption patterns, market segmentation, and stakeholder roles, were found through analysis of author collaboration patterns. "Sustainable marketing research" is the core research area, and the bibliometric network visualization displays the essential terms and relationships between concepts. Though less thoroughly, subjects including customer capital, sustainable management, sustainable business, and digital marketing were also covered. This article's bibliometric analysis reveals some intriguing mapping findings. Collaboration in research articles is revealed by the author's analysis. The report also presents the findings from studies on sustainable consumer behavior. The study method on consumer sustainability challenges, including customer capital, spending, and behavior, is outlined by the bibliometric analysis. Bibliometric analysis, thus, offers a mapping of sustainability research, particularly in terms of offering significant insights on specific sustainability challenges like consumer difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has revolutionized the digital marketing landscape, enabling marketers to improve efficiency, personalization and strategic decision making. This research aims to map research trends related to the application of AI in digital marketing through bibliographic analysis. Qualitative research methods with a historical approach are used to collect and analyze scientific articles from leading international journals. Bibliometric analysis was performed with VOSviewer software to visualize patterns and clusters of key terms. Results show a significant increase in the number of publications related to AI in digital marketing, with a focus on topics such as marketing strategy, customer experience, social media, e-commerce and industrial marketing. The visualization reveals the interrelationships and groupings of various terms, providing insight into the current research landscape. This study contributes to the understanding of trends, opportunities and challenges in integrating AI into digital marketing practices. These findings are useful for researchers and practitioners to identify future research directions and develop effective marketing strategies by leveraging AI. However, further research is needed to explore the ethical implications, data security and other aspects regarding the application of AI in the context of digital marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapidly developing digital era, competition between companies in the e-commerce sector is increasingly competitive. Social media is a supporting tool for consumers in sharing text, video, image and audio information, and currently technology is developing more quickly, because of the large number of internet users, therefore all activities can be done online, one of which is online shopping. one example is TikTok Shop. TikTok Shop is a social commerce feature that advertises and sells their products via TikTok. This shopping feature is present on TikTok as a response to increasing sales of various products after brands carried out promotions via social media platforms. Influencers are netizen actors who have social media accounts and continue to spread messages or campaign content to other netizens to strengthen the message or content. Influencer marketing is a marketing strategy in product sales by promoting a product by someone who is considered to have influence. Price is one component of a company's marketing strategy, with the aim of providing added value to consumers so that they continue to consume the products and services being sold. Consumers will tend to prefer a more affordable price to obtain an item. Consumers tend to prefer more affordable prices to get the goods they want. The aim of this research is to determine the formation of the Purchase Interest model which is influenced by Influencer Marketing and Price Perception. This research uses a side purposive method which involves selecting samples from the population studied based on certain criteria. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of the validity test output show that this research data is declared valid and the construct reliability test shows that each variable in this research is declared consistent. The statistical assumption test shows that it has a positive and significant effect on influencer marketing which can provide a stimulus to prices and purchasing interest which encourages customers to make purchases. The path analysis model fit test shows the similarity of several samples which can substitute for the population as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel, an alternative to traditional diesel, is essential for the sustainability of long-term energy supplies and often synthesized through a non-alcoholic route called interesterification. The described synthesis method facilitates the modification of oil and fat by exchanging acyl radical groups between triglyceride and alcoholic acid (alcoholysis), fat (acidolysis), or ester (transesterification). Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effect of the reactant ratio between crude palm oil (CPO) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), along with the use of an eco-enzyme catalyst, on biodiesel characteristics. The CPO:DMC ratio was 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3, while the immobilized eco-enzyme catalyst was 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6% of CPO mass. The results showed that interesterification with a 1:3 reactant ratio using a 4%wt catalyst was the best procedure, producing biodiesel yield of 73.65%, density of 0.860 g/mL, viscosity of 4.63 mm2/s (cSt), flash point of 113 °C, calorific value of 34.454 MJ/kg, and cetane number of 70.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paylater feature is a digital payment feature that uses an e- commerce platform, purchasing goods among teenagers is very lacking due to the economic conditions that are currently unstable. The method used in this research is quantitative method. The population in this study was conducted at the unswagati Cirebon campus, level 1-4 management study program as many as 147 respondents. The sampling technique used by researchers is non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique and data analysis used in this researcher is regression and descriptive analysis then the analysis methods used in this study include validity test, cross tabulation, reliability test, normality test, multicollinearity test, hypothesis testing, path analysis fit model test using SPSS and amos Softwer analysis tools to test the effect of paylater and affiliate features on consumer buying interest. The results of this study indicate that the paylater feature has a positive effect on consumer buying interest, affiliates have an effect on consumer buying interest. Because the validity and reliability test results are less than 0.1362, the normality test is less than 0, 01, the multicoronality test is less than 10, hypothesis testing, the results show that all hypotheses are accepted, because the C.R value is more than 1.98, namely with a C.R value of 7.875 and 11.532 respectively. And the P value also shows the same result if the P value is less than 0.05 or symbolized * (below 0.01), it means that the two hypotheses have a significant effect or are accepted. path analysis fit model test is accepted because the GFT measure shows a P-value of more than 0.05, RMSE less than 0.08, CMIN less than 2.00, GFI less than 0.90, AGFI less than, 0.90, CFI more than 0.90, TLI more than 0.90. So it can be stated that the path analysis model fit test is accepted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the influence of Live streaming and Flash sale variables on the Impulse Buying behavior of Shopee E-commerce users in Indonesia. The method used is quantitative with descriptive analysis techniques to explain the characteristics of the sample and inferential analysis techniques using SPSS and AMOS software analysis tools. The study population consisted of Shopee e-commerce users in Indonesia, with a sample of 140 respondents selected by non-probability methods with purposive sampling techniques and analysis methods used in this study namely validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, cross-tabulation test and path analysis. Data was obtained by distributing google form questionnaires through social media. The results of the analysis show that the existence of Live Streaming and Flash Sale has a positive and significant effect on Impulse Buying. This research provides a deeper understanding of the factors that influence Impulse Buying behavior in the context of Live Streaming and Flash Sale of Shopee e-commerce users. The results of this study can provide guidance for Shopee and other e-commerce parties to design more effective marketing strategies and focus on Flash Sale to increase impulse purchases. The results of the validity test output show that the data of this study is declared valid and the reliability test shows that each variable in this study is declared reliable or consistent. The statistical assumption test shows a positive and significant influence, which means that quality Live Streaming can provide stimulus to the Flash Sale program which is a limited number of offers for a short period of time so that it can encourage users to make impulse purchases or unplanned purchases. The path analysis fit model test shows a match of several samples that can subsidize the population as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the effect of the role of influencers, affiliate marketing, and online customer reviews at Shopee through TikTok content on Generation Z purchasing decisions. This research uses a quantitative approach by collecting data through an online survey of 199 respondents of the Management Study Program students class of 2020. The data were analyzed using multiple regression methods to evaluate the relationship between the independent variables of influencer roles, affiliate marketing, and online customer reviews and the dependent variable (purchasing decisions). The analysis results show that the role of influencers, affiliate marketing, and online customer reviews have a positive and significant influence on Generation Z's purchasing decisions. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating marketing strategies through influencers, affiliate marketing, and online customer reviews in influencing Generation Z's purchasing decisions. This provides guidance for businesses to utilize e-commerce platforms such as Shopee and TikTok content as an effective means of communication to reach and influence the Generation Z market. This research makes a new contribution to the understanding of how the role of influencers, affiliate marketing and online customer reviews on Shopee, particularly through TikTok content, can influence Generation Z's purchasing decisions. This research adds insight into effective marketing strategies to capture the attention and influence the consumption behavior of the younger generation in the context of e-commerce platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Second Language Writing class, the use of student-based assessment such as self and peer assessments has been increasingly promoted in addition to the teacher-assessment (Alias, Masek, & Salleh, 2015; Chang, Tseng, & Lou, 2012; Esfandiari & Myford, 2013) to help the students make a good writing product (Andrade, Du, & Mycek, 2010). Nevertheless, the inclusion of the student-based assessment result in determining the students’ final score still becomes a controversial matter since some studies prove that the student-based assessment and teacher assessment are not in agreement and tend to be questionable (Alias et al., 2015; Panadero, Romero, & Strijbos, 2013). Therefore, to bridge the gap, this study aims at investigating the level of consistency among self-assessment, peer assessment, and teacher assessment in a writing course. Through a correlational research design, the current study involved 21 students who took a paragraph writing course and experienced in self and peer assessing. To collect the data, the students were asked to write an expository paragraph that was assessed through self, peer and teacher assessments. After collecting the data, then the data analysis is done by using Spearman Rank Order Correlation to answer whether or not there is consistency among self-assessment, peer assessment, and instructor assessment. The results reveal that the students provided the same score in self, peer and teacher assessment. However, the correlations in both self and peer-assessment, as well as self and teacher assessment, are not considered statistically significant. The significant difference occurs in the correlation between peer and teacher assessment result only. From this finding, it can be recommended to the teacher to include the result of peer assessment in determining the students' final grade.