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Identifying noise in the Current Mirror (CM) circuit is essential to locate noise signals in biosensor applications so that measurements become more accurate and precise. There are two dominant types of noise: white noise, which consists of thermal noise and shot noise, and also low-frequency noise (1/f noise). The main component of the CM circuit is the BS250 type MOSFET, which works by varying the width of the charge carrier channelcontrolled by the voltage at the gate. When the drain is given a voltage, electrons will flow from the source to the drain which generates the noise.This study was carried out to identify the noise in the CM configuration by varying the reference voltage of MOSFET using the PCI-6221 card data integrated with the LabVIEW program. The reference voltage values ​​used are 1 mV, 10 mV, and 100 mV to determine the effect of the input voltage on the CM circuit noise signal, while the measurement frequency is varied from 0.1 Hz to 100 kHz with a resolution of 0.1 Hz. The results show that the noise characteristics vary with the applied voltage, which will increase at a higher voltage. Analysis of 1/f noise at frequencies up to 0.2 Hz has a gradient increase of up to 10 times for each given voltage value. Based on the value of the data distribution on the white noise measurement, it shows that a voltage of 100 mV produces the highest noise with an average of 3.62 × 10-7 Vrms/Hz1/2. The results of this study are used in the design of CM circuits with minimal noise.

Untuk memanfaatkan energi surya sebagai sumber energi alternatif, umumnya energi surya akan disimpan terlebih dahulu di dalam baterai. Dalam melakukan proses penyimpanan energi tersebut, diperlukan suatu sistem pengontrol energi listrik dari panel surya agar lebih stabil. Salah satu caranya adalah menggunakan DC-DC Buck Converter. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sistem untuk mengontrol daya yang ditransmisikan dari panel surya menuju baterai agar lebih optimal. Oleh karena itu dilakukan simulasi rangkaian DC-DC Buck Converter menggunakan aplikasi LT Spice untuk mengetahui nilai arus dan tegangan keluaran pada sistem rangkaian. Simulasi ini dilakukan dengan memvariasikan nilai beban (R) pada filter dari rangkaian DC-DC Buck Converter. Variasi nilai resistor yang digunakan adalah 18 Ohm, 25 Ohm, 30 Ohm, 35 Ohm, 40 Ohm, 50 Ohm, 60 Ohm, dan 220 Ohm. Dengan menetapkan nilai tegangan input sebesar 20 Volt dan duty cycle sebesar 60%, didapatkan variasi nilai R yang paling mendekati nilai tegangan baterai adalah 30 Ohm dengan tegangan keluaran sebesar 12,03 Volt. Kata-kata kunci: energi surya, buck converter, simulasi, variasi beban. Abstract To utilize solar energy as an alternative energy source, generally solar energy will be stored in the battery first. In carrying out the energy storage process, a system for controlling electrical energy from solar panels is needed to make it more stable. One way is to use a DC-DC Buck Converter. This study aims to design a system to control the power transmitted from the solar panel to the battery so that it is more optimal. Therefore, a DC-DC Buck Converter circuit simulation was carried out using the LT Spice application to determine the current and output voltage values ​​in the circuit system. This simulation is done by varying the value of the load (R) on the filter of the DC-DC Buck Converter circuit. The resistor values ​​used are 18 Ohm, 25 Ohm, 30 Ohm, 35 Ohm, 40 Ohm, 50 Ohm, 60 Ohm, and 220 Ohm. By setting the input voltage value of 20 Volt and a duty cycle of 60%, the variation of the R value that is closest to the battery voltage value is 30 Ohm with an output voltage of 12.03 Volt. Keywords: solar energy, buck converter, simulation, load variation.

Pada proses penyimpanan energi listrik yang dihasilkan oleh panel surya ke dalam baterai diperlukan suatu sistem pengontrol yaitu menggunakan DC-DC buck converter. Melalui sistem ini dapat mengoptimalkan proses transmisi energi dari panel surya ke baterai. Untuk mendapatkan optimasi rangkaian DC-DC buck converter, dilakukan perencanaan melalui simulasi rangkaian buck converter dengan memperhitungkan nilai faktor kualitas Q pada filter butterworth orde-2. Variasi Q yang digunakan terdiri dari tiga variasi, yaitu 0,541, 0,707, dan 1,307 dengan menggunakan frekuensi cut-off sebesar 5kHz. Masing-masing variasi Q menggunakan resistor R dengan nilai 180Ω, 220Ω, dan 430Ω. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa penguatan sinyal pada frekuensi cut-off masing-masing yaitu -4,8dB (untuk Q = 0,541), -3,1dB (untuk Q= 0,707), dan 2,7dB (untuk Q = 1,307). Hasil pengujian juga menunjukan bahwa noise yang dihasilkan pada tegangan keluaran semakin besar seiring dengan peningkatan nilai Q. Kata-kata kunci: Panel Surya, Buck Converter, Faktor Kualitas, Frekuensi Cut-Off. Abstract In the process of storing electrical energy produced by solar panels into the battery need a control system, namely using a DC-DC buck converter. Through this system, it is possible to optimize the energy transmission process from solar panels to batteries. To get the optimization of the DC-DC buck converter circuit, planning is done through simulation of the buck converter circuit by taking into account the value of the quality factor Q on the butterworth filter of order-2. The Q variation used consists of three variations, namely 0.541, 0.707, and 1.307 using a cut-off frequency of 5kHz. Each variation of Q uses a resistor R with a value of 180Ω, 220Ω, and 430Ω. The test results show that the signal gain at the cut-off frequency is -4.8dB (for Q = 0.541), -3.1dB (for Q = 0.707), and 2.7dB (for Q = 1,307). The test results also show that the noise generated at the output voltage is greater as the Q value increases. Keywords: Solar Cell, Buck Converter, Quality Factor, Cut-Off Frequency