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Copyright of Česká a Slovenská Neurologie a Neurochirurgie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The aim of the study is to enhance understanding, raise awareness and inform prevention programmes regarding potential factors that lead to severe paediatric injuries caused by unintentional falls from windows., Methods: This is a retrospective review from a major Trauma Centre, covering the majority of North West England and North Wales and included children under the age of 16 that had sustained falls from windows and were hospitalised between April 2015 and June 2020., Results: Overall, 825 patients' records have been reviewed, 39% of which exhibited neurosurgical injuries (322 admissions). The most common cause of injury was falls (42%), out of which 19% was identified as falls from windows which was eventually the core focus of this review (25 patients). The records showed that 72% of the falls were not witnessed by another individual, suggesting that children were being left unattended. Average GCS recorded at presentation was 11.2 and 56% of cases were identified as severe major traumas. With a mean stay of 2.2 days in ICU, 1.6 days in HDU and 6 days in the neurosurgical clinic, average treatment costs per patient were £4,493, £651 and £4,156 respectively. Finally, 52% of patients were identified to require long-term physiotherapy/occupational therapy due to permanent disabilities, 20% long-term antiepileptic treatment for seizures and 44% long-term psychological services input., Conclusion: This study presents our experience at a major tertiary trauma centre in the UK over a 5-year period, from a paediatric neurosurgical injuries perspective due to fall from windows. We aim to raise awareness and highlight the importance of establishing prevention programmes which would hopefully decrease the incidence of paediatric window falls., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Surgical management of an intracranial aneurysm is mainly clipping. Various types of clips have been designed for complex, giant, and other aneurysms. Recently, the Yasargil-fenestrated T-bar clip has been introduced for the management of such complicated aneurysms. The literature regarding its efficacy, limitations, and method of application in complicated aneurysms is limited. We used the fenestrated T-bar clip in four patients of intracranial aneurysms - middle cerebral artery cortical branch aneurysm, anterior communicating artery partially thrombosed aneurysm, internal carotid artery paraclinoid simple aneurysm, and giant aneurysm. All aneurysms were successfully clipped with no residue or branch occlusion. The recovery of all patients was satisfactory. The fenestrated T-bar clip effectively reconstructed the parent artery and occluded the aneurysm in all cases. The application of this clip may be advantageous over the clip application in some uniquely challenging cases., Competing Interests: None

Objective: Surgical intervention at the craniovertebral junction requires preoperative and intraoperative planning to get optimum postoperative results. Careful positioning minimizes the risk of iatrogenic injury and can also facilitate adequate surgical exposure. Tortuous venous channels that are usually encountered as the dissection proceeds may cause excessive bleeding before reaching the lateral mass (LM). However, both localization and placement may be made easier by altering the dissection technique and modifying the patient's position. Traditionally, the military tuck position is described for the dorsal approach to the craniovertebral junction. The objective of this study is to emphasize the role of arc or bow like position, a modification of prone position for adequate placement of C1 LM screw in these cases., Methods: We operated on 68 patients with atlantoaxial dislocation in an arc or bow position from January 2013 to September 2018. In 58 patients, at least 1 C1 LM screw was placed., Results: This position helped in easy and early recognition with easy trajectory for the C1 LM screw placement and less work force., Conclusions: Visual axis to the lateral mass of C1 in an arc/bow position with head elevation puts C1 LM more in the visual axis of the operator, which makes the trajectory straight without causing much angulation while inserting the screw. At the same time, the axis vertebra guides the surgeon to the C1 lateral mass with no handling of dura., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The present case describes the successful management of a rare case of communicating internal-external resorption in which both internal and external resorption seem to develop independent of each other. The case report highlights the importance of correct diagnosis and need of revision of classification system of resorptive defects.

Objectives: Of this in vivo study was to evaluate various space maintainers in terms of survival rate, gingival health and presence of caries., Design: A total of 60 extraction sites in the age group of 4 to 9 years were divided into four groups and different space maintainers were placed in them viz (conventional band and loop, prefabricated band with custom made loop, Ribbond, Super splint)., Results: Prefabricated bands with custom made loop showed maximum success rates (84.6%), while super splint (33.33%) was found to be least successful. In terms of gingival health, prefabricated band with custom made loop reported minimum cases with poor gingival health (27.2%), while maximum cases with poor gingival health (50%) were reported with Super splint. None of the space maintainers developed caries at the end of 9 months. How to cite this article: Setia v, Pandit IK, Srivastava N, Gugnani N, Gupta M. Banded vs Bonded Space Maintainers: Finding Better Way Out. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(2):97-104.

Early orthodontic interventions are often initiated in the developing dentition to promote favourable developmental changes. Interceptive orthodontic can eliminate or reduce the severity of a developing malocclusion, the complexity of orthodontic treatment, overall treatment time and cost. The safest way to prevent future malocclusions from tooth loss is to place a space maintainer that is effective and durable. An appropriate use of space maintainer is advocated to hold the space until the eruption of permanent teeth. This case report describes the various changing trends in use of space maintainers: conventional band and loop, prefabricated band with custom made loop and glass fibre reinforced composite resins as space maintainers.

Purpose: In this study, we evaluated the role and relevance of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) "surface map" of the appendix in demonstrating the variations in the location of the appendicular base with reference to McBurney's point and its likely clinical implications during an open appendicectomy., Materials and Methods: This prospective study included a total of 74 patients who underwent an MDCT study of the abdomen for various clinical indications. Post-processing of the data was performed and a "surface map" of the appendicular base was reconstructed with a superimposed measurement grid. The variation in the appendicular base location with reference to McBurney's point was analyzed along the cranio-caudal and medio-lateral axes., Results: The maximum deviation in the location of the appendicular base was +10.0 cm along the cranio-caudal axis and -4.2 cm along the medio-lateral axis. The average cranio-caudal deviation was +2.79 cm, while the average medio-lateral deviation was +0.146 cm. In the subgroup of 16 patients who had appendicular inflammation, the maximum deviation was +8.8 cm along the cranio-caudal axis and +3.0 cm along the medio-lateral axis. The average cranio-caudal deviation in this subgroup of patients was +2.77 cm; the average medio-lateral deviation was +0.77 cm., Conclusion: The MDCT "surface map" of the appendix is an effective tool that can convey precise information regarding appendix location to the operating surgeon. There are significant variations in the location of the appendicular base with reference to McBurney's point. These variations are more pronounced along the cranio-caudal axis than the medio-lateral axis. Accurate preoperative localization of the appendicular base with MDCT will help surgeons optimize the initial incision for an open appendicectomy, thus, minimize extension-related incision risks.

Intermittent acute porphyria (IAP) is an inborn metabolic disorder of biosynthesis of haeme, characterized by increased excretion of porphyrin or porphyrin precursor in urine and clinically by gastrointestinal, neuro-psychiatric and cardiovascular manifestations. Significant observations were made on echocardiographic examination of 25 IAP patients in our study. Significant decrease in ejection fraction (48.4 +/- 7.9, control group 63.0 +/- 7.5, P < 0.001) and percentage of fractional shortening (23.5% +/- 6.87%, control group = 36.4 +/- 4.26, P