99 results on '"Sethi Y"'
Search Results
2. ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructured Layered Sn3O4 for Hydrogen Production and Dye Degradation under Sunlight.
- Author
-
Balgude, S. D., primary, Sethi, Y. A., additional, Kale, B. B., additional, Munirathnam, N. R., additional, Amalnerkar, D. P., additional, and Adhyapak, P. V., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Nanostructured layered Sn3O4 for hydrogen production and dye degradation under sunlight
- Author
-
Balgude, S. D., primary, Sethi, Y. A., additional, Kale, B. B., additional, Munirathnam, N. R., additional, Amalnerkar, D. P., additional, and Adhyapak, P. V., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Nanostructured layered Sn3O4 for hydrogen production and dye degradation under sunlight.
- Author
-
Balgude, S. D., Sethi, Y. A., Kale, B. B., Munirathnam, N. R., Amalnerkar, D. P., and Adhyapak, P. V.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. SU-GG-J-25: Aerosols/Nanoparticle Therapy for Malignancy Involving the Lung - a Transport Phenomenon Study
- Author
-
Gutti, V, primary, Loyalka, S, additional, Tompson, R, additional, Sethi, Y, additional, and Rangaraj, D, additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Environmentally benign enhanced hydrogen production via lethal H2S under natural sunlight using hierarchical nanostructured bismuth sulfide.
- Author
-
Kawade, U. V., Panmand, R. P., Sethi, Y. A., Kulkarni, M. V., Apte, S. K., Naik, S. D., and Kale, B. B.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Knowledge Representation and Sharing Using Visual Semantic Modeling for Diagnostic Medical Image Databases
- Author
-
Barb, A.S., primary, Shyu, C.-R., additional, and Sethi, Y., additional
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A Hybrid Query Approach for Radiology Education: Integrating Content-Based Medical Image Retrieval and Text-Based Information Retrieval
- Author
-
Shyu, C.-R., primary, Harnsomburana, J., additional, Sethi, Y., additional, Singh, R., additional, and Reid, J.C., additional
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Exploiting speech/gesture co-occurrence for improving continuous gesture recognition in weather narration.
- Author
-
Sharma, R., Cai, J., Chakravarthy, S., Poddar, I., and Sethi, Y.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Temporal bone carcinoma with intracranial extension | Carcinoma do osso temporal com extensão intracraniana
- Author
-
Shitij Arora, Sharma, J. K., Pippal, S., Sethi, Y., and Yadav, A.
- Subjects
lcsh:Otorhinolaryngology ,lcsh:RF1-547
11. Clinical etiology of myiasis in ENT: A reterograde period - Interval study | Etiologia clínica da miíase em otorrinolaringologia: Um estudo retrospectivo
- Author
-
Shitij Arora, Sharma, J. K., Pippal, S. K., Sethi, Y., and Yadav, A.
- Subjects
laryngeal ,miíase ,laríngeo ,nasal ,myiasis ,tracheostomy ,lcsh:Otorhinolaryngology ,lcsh:RF1-547 ,traqueostomia - Abstract
Myiasis in ENT, once a deadly disease still presents as a significant outdoor problem, though advances in management including supportive therapy has led to early healing with significant reduction in bed occupancy rate. AIMS: To assess the clinico etiology, relationship of myiasis to habit and habitat of patients and to assess the changes in age, seasonal, socioeconomic incidence, nasal bacterial flora and usefulness of certain commonly done tests with reference to a gap of 25 years. MATERIALS & METHODS: The presenting study was conducted on 80 patients selected over a period of two time intervals ; first 40 cases were chosen from 1979 to 1980 and next 40 over 2003 to 2004. Cases were studied in a retrograde manner and data tabulated. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Atrophic turbinates was the commonest pathological finding in nose in 30% of cases . Significant change seen was in the age group 51 and above with a rise of 30%. Mode during 2003-04 was 60 years. Incidence of palatal perforation dropped from 17.88 to 2.5% . Klebsiella emerged as a significant contributor to the nasal microbial flora. VDRL and split skin smear showed poor etiological association for the diseases.Miíase em ORL não é mais uma doença fatal, mas ainda está presente como um significativo problema em ambientes externos. Entretanto, progressos alcançados no tratamento, incluindo terapêutica de suporte, têm levado à cura precoce com significativa redução na taxa de internação hospitalar por causa dessa enfermidade. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a etiologia clínica e as associações entre miíase e os hábitos e habitats dos pacientes; e avaliar diferenças no tocante à idade, estação do ano, incidência socioeconômica, flora bacteriana nasal e a utilidade de certos exames comumente feitos - um estudo retrospectivo de 25 anos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O presente estudo envolveu 80 pacientes selecionados em dois períodos; os primeiros 40 casos foram selecionados de 1979 a 1980, e os 40 seguintes foram coletados entre 2003 e 2004. Os casos foram estudados de forma retrospectiva e os dados foram analisados em tabelas. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Cornetos atróficos representaram o achado nasal patológico mais comum - em 30% dos casos. Alterações significativas foram encontradas na faixa etária dos 51 anos e acima, com um aumento de 30% nestes. A média etária entre 2003-04 foi de 60 anos. A incidência de perfuração palatina caiu de 17,88% para 2,5%. Klebsiella foi o germe mais significativamente presente na flora microbiana nasal. Os exames de VDRL e teste cutâneo mostraram pobre associação etiológica entre as doenças.
12. Exploiting speech/gesture co-occurrence for improving continuous gesture recognition in weather narration
- Author
-
Sharma, R., primary, Cai, J., additional, Chakravarthy, S., additional, Poddar, I., additional, and Sethi, Y., additional
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. A Veiled Menace: The Contribution of Pollution to Endocrine Diseases.
- Author
-
Sethi Y, Mehta S, Kaka N, Patel N, and Uniyal N
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The Impact of Air Pollution on Neurological and Psychiatric Health.
- Author
-
Sethi Y, Agarwal P, Vora V, and Gosavi S
- Abstract
Air pollution is a critical global issue with extensive implications beyond respiratory health, significantly affecting neurological and psychiatric disorders. Emerging evidence establishes a link between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM < 2.5 µm), sulfur dioxide (SO
2 ), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) and heightened risks of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, ADHD, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Mechanistic pathways include neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, microglial activation, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Epidemiological studies indicate increased susceptibility among urban residents, particularly men, middle-aged individuals, and married persons, to the mental health impacts of air pollution. Additionally, socioeconomic factors, such as GDP per capita, access to health resources, green spaces, and sports facilities, modulate these health outcomes. Addressing this public health challenge necessitates stricter industrial emission controls, sustainable agricultural practices, promotion of cleaner energy sources, and incorporation of pollution exposure history into clinical assessments. Enhanced public awareness and interdisciplinary research are vital for mitigating the detrimental effects of air pollution on neurological and psychiatric health, ultimately striving for a cleaner and healthier environment for future generations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare they have no financial interests., (Copyright © 2024 Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Exploring the landscape of academic retractions in medicine: a comprehensive umbrella review.
- Author
-
Sethi Y, Kaiwan O, Frati G, Peruzzi M, Galli M, Gaudino M, and Biondi-Zoccai G
- Abstract
Introduction: The escalating trend of academic article retractions over the last decades raises concerns about scientific integrity, but heterogeneity in retractions and reasons for them pose a major challenge. We aimed to comprehensively overview systematic reviews focusing on retractions in the biomedical literature., Evidence Acquisition: We abstracted salient features and bibliometric details from shortlisted articles. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses was used for validity appraisal., Evidence Synthesis: A total of 11 reviews were included, published between 2016 and 2023, and reporting on a total of 1851 retracted studies. Several major reasons for retractions were identified, spanning both misconduct (e.g., falsification, duplication, plagiarism) and non-misconduct issues (e.g., unreliable data, publishing problems). Correlates include author-related factors (number of authors, nationality) and journal-related factors (impact factor), with repeat offenders contributing significantly. Impacts of retractions is profound, affecting scholarly credibility, public trust, and resource utilization., Conclusions: In order to prevent retractions and amend their adverse effects, rigorous and transparent reporting standards, enhanced training in research ethics, strengthened peer review processes, and the establishment of collaborative and integrated research integrity offices are proposed.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Cardiovascular complications during pregnancy: Advancing cardio-obstetrics.
- Author
-
Sebastian SA, Sethi Y, Mathews AM, Santhosh T, Lorraine Co E, Padda I, and Johal G
- Subjects
- Humans, Pregnancy, Female, Cardiovascular Diseases therapy, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Obstetrics, Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular therapy, Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular diagnosis
- Abstract
As the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continues to rise among women of childbearing age, the pregnant population with pre-existing heart conditions presents a complex and heterogeneous profile. These women face varying degrees of risk concerning maternal cardiovascular, obstetric, and fetal complications. Effectively managing adverse cardiovascular events during pregnancy presents substantial clinical challenges. The uncertainties surrounding diagnostic and therapeutic approaches create a dynamic landscape with potential implications for maternal and fetal health. Cardio-obstetrics has become increasingly recognized as a vital multidisciplinary field necessitating a collaborative approach to managing cardiovascular conditions during pregnancy. In this review, we aim to provide a thorough and up-to-date examination of the existing evidence, offering a comprehensive overview of strategies and considerations in the management of cardiovascular complications during pregnancy. Special emphasis is placed on the safety assessment of diagnostic procedures and the exploration of treatment options designed to prioritize the well-being of the mother and fetus. We also explore the significance of a multidisciplinary cardio-obstetrics team in providing comprehensive care for women of childbearing age with or at risk for CVD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Heme Oxygenase-1, Cardiac Senescence, and Myocardial Infarction: A Critical Review of the Triptych.
- Author
-
Padda I, Sethi Y, Das M, Fabian D, Ralhan T, Aziz D, Sexton J, and Johal G
- Abstract
Purpose: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a crucial enzyme in heme metabolism, facilitating the breakdown of heme into biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and free iron. Renowned for its potent cytoprotective properties, HO-1 showcases notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. In this review, the authors aim to explore the profound impact of HO-1 on cardiac senescence and its potential implications in myocardial infarction (MI)., Results: Recent research has unveiled the intricate role of HO-1 in cellular senescence, characterized by irreversible growth arrest and functional decline. Notably, cardiac senescence has emerged as a pivotal factor in the development of various cardiovascular conditions, including MI. Notably, cardiac senescence has emerged as an important factor in the development of various cardiovascular conditions, including myocardial infarction (MI). The accumulation of senescent cells, spanning vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and progenitor cells, poses a significant risk for cardiovascular diseases such as vascular aging, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and ventricular remodeling. Inhibition of cardiomyocyte senescence not only reduces senescence-associated inflammation but also impacts other myocardial lineages, hinting at a broader mechanism of propagation in pathological remodeling. HO-1 has been shown to improve heart function and mitigate cardiomyocyte senescence induced by ischemic injury and aging. Furthermore, HO-1 induction has been found to alleviate H
2 O2 -induced cardiomyocyte senescence. As we grow in our understanding of antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, anti-aging, and vascular effects of HO-1, we see the potential to exploit potential links between individual susceptibility to cardiac senescence and myocardial infarction., Conclusions: This review investigates strategies for upregulating HO-1, including gene targeting and pharmacological agents, as potential therapeutic approaches. By synthesizing compelling evidence from diverse experimental models and clinical investigations, this study elucidates the therapeutic potential of targeting HO-1 as an innovative strategy to mitigate cardiac senescence and improve outcomes in myocardial infarction, emphasizing the need for further research in this field., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. The Potential of Nano Pharmaceuticals to Change the Paradigm of Brain Tumor Therapy: A State-of-the-Art Review.
- Author
-
Zahid A, Hammoud Z, Farhat S, Kaiwan O, Al-Inaya Y, Cortiana V, Pahwa B, Chopra H, Parmar M, Kamal MA, and Sethi Y
- Abstract
Central nervous system tumors are abnormal proliferations of neuronal cells within the brain and spinal cord. They can be primary or secondary and place a heavy financial, psychological, and physical burden on individuals. The highly selective blood-brain barrier, which only permits specific molecules to flow into the brain parenchyma, inhibits the efficacy of pharmacological medicines. Treatment options include surgery, chemoradiotherapy, and targeted therapy. Despite advances in therapy over the past few decades, the overall morbidity and mortality rates are still high, emphasizing the need for improved therapeutic choices to improve survival and quality of life further. Nano pharmaceuticals have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in in vivo trials using microscopic particles to enhance bioavailability and selectivity. The most successful clinical results to date have been achieved by liposomes, extracellular vesicles, and biomimetic nanoparticles; nevertheless, clinical trials are required to confirm their safety, efficacy, affordability, longterm impact, and success in patients from various demographics. Nano pharmaceuticals have the potential to change the paradigm of therapy for brain tumors, allowing better outcomes as primary and adjunctive therapy., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Bioprinting in cardiovascular medicine: Possibilities, challenges, and future perspectives for low and middle-income countries.
- Author
-
Malhi A, Padda I, Mahtani A, Fabian D, Karroum P, Mathews AM, Ralhan T, Sethi Y, and Emran TB
- Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) stemming from various factors significantly impact the quality of life (QoL) and are prevalent with high mortality rates in both developed and developing countries. In cases where pharmacotherapy proves insufficient and end-stage disease ensues, a heart transplant/surgical repair becomes the only feasible treatment option. However, challenges such as a limited supply of heart donors, complications associated with rejection, and issues related to medication compliance introduce an additional burden to healthcare services and adversely affect patient outcomes. The emergence of bioprinting has facilitated advancements in creating structures, including ventricles, valves, and blood vessels. Notably, the development of myocardial/cardiac patches through bioprinting has offered a promising avenue for revascularizing, strengthening, and regenerating ventricles. Employment loss in developing countries as a circumstance of disability or death can severely impact a family's well-being and means for sustainable living. Innovations by means of life sustaining treatment options can provide hope for the impoverished and help reduce disability burden on the economy of low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). Such developments can have a significant impact that can last for generations, especially in developing countries. In this review, the authors delve into various types of bioprinting techniques, exploring their possibilities, challenges, and potential future applications in treating various end-stage cardiovascular conditions in LMICs., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Environmental pollution's toll on the heart: rethinking cardiovascular risk factors.
- Author
-
Mehta S and Sethi Y
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Pathogenesis and management of diabetic gastroparesis: An updated clinically oriented review.
- Author
-
Uppaluri S, Jain MA, Ali H, Shingala J, Amin D, Ajwani T, Fatima I, Patel N, Kaka N, Sethi Y, and Kapoor N
- Subjects
- Humans, Disease Management, Quality of Life, Prognosis, Gastroparesis therapy, Gastroparesis etiology, Gastroparesis diagnosis, Diabetes Complications therapy
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Diabetic gastroparesis (DGp) is a common and preventable complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (D.M.) and significantly affects the Quality of Life of patients. Diagnosis and management present as a clinical challenge due to the disease's complexity and limited effective therapeutic options. This review aims to comprehensively outline the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of diabetic gastroparesis, evaluating evolving approaches to guide clinicians and provide future recommendations., Methods: A literature review was conducted on scholarly databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science encompassing published articles, gray literature and relevant clinical guidelines. Data were synthesized and analyzed to provide a comprehensive overview of diabetic gastroparesis, focusing on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management., Results: The review intricately explores the pathogenesis contributing to diabetic gastroparesis, emphasizing autonomic neuropathy, oxidative stress, inflammation, hormonal dysregulation, microbiota alterations, and gastrointestinal neuropathy. Primary management strategies are underscored, including lifestyle modifications, symptom relief, and glycemic control. The discussion encompasses pharmacological and surgical options, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving various healthcare professionals for comprehensive patient care., Conclusion: This review offers a thorough understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of diabetic gastroparesis, underlining evolving approaches for clinicians. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial to address both the physical and mental health aspects of diabetes and its complications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Research Trust of DiabetesIndia (DiabetesIndia) and National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC). Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Metabolic surgery in improving arterial health in obese individuals.
- Author
-
Sebastian SA, Co EL, Kanagala SG, Padda I, Sethi Y, and Johal G
- Subjects
- Humans, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular etiology, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular prevention & control, Weight Loss, Bariatric Surgery, Obesity, Morbid complications, Obesity, Morbid surgery
- Abstract
Purpose: Arterial stiffness has gained recognition as a stand-alone risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity is intricately linked to elevated arterial stiffness, the development of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, and the emergence of diastolic dysfunction, all of which collectively contribute substantially to an unfavorable prognosis. Weight loss has become a standard recommendation for all patients with CVD concurrent with morbid obesity; however, randomized evidence to support this recommendation was limited earlier. The latest scientific studies revealed dynamic changes in aortic stiffness after substantial weight loss by bariatric surgery, also known as metabolic surgery, in patients with obesity. There is also a favorable evolution in LV hypertrophy and a significant impact on arterial hypertension and other promising cardiovascular outcomes in obese people after bariatric surgery., Methods/results: We aimed to examine the cardiovascular effects of various metabolic surgeries in morbidly obese individuals, especially their role in improving arterial health, the potential impact on surrogate markers of atherosclerotic vascular disease, and consequently reducing the likelihood of cardiovascular events., Conclusion: In conclusion, metabolic surgery is associated with a significant decrease in the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality among obese individuals, alongside remarkable enhancement of arterial health. These findings underscore the critical importance of implementing strategies to combat obesity and reduce adiposity within the general population., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Social determinants of health and its impact on cardiovascular disease in underserved populations: A critical review.
- Author
-
Padda I, Fabian D, Farid M, Mahtani A, Sethi Y, Ralhan T, Das M, Chandi S, and Johal G
- Subjects
- Humans, United States epidemiology, Social Determinants of Health, Healthcare Disparities, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Acute Coronary Syndrome
- Abstract
In the United States, a patient succumbs to cardiovascular disease (CVD) every 33 seconds and costs the healthcare system close to $240 billion dollars annually. Social determinants of health (SDOH) are key factors responsible in structuring the well-being of individuals and communities. It significantly influences health outcomes and is reliant on several factors such as economic stability, education, healthcare access, community composition, and governmental policies. This review explores the impact of SDOH on the escalating global burden of CVD and identifies potential modifiable risk factors that contribute to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) among underserved communities. In addition, it also addresses the necessity for interventions to narrow healthcare related disparities ensuring improvement in CVD outcomes in this subgroup of population., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Marijuana-induced ST-elevation myocardial infarction in adolescents and young adults: A case report and comprehensive review of literature.
- Author
-
Padda I, Mahtani AU, Farid M, Fabian D, Nigussie B, Piccione G, Kavarthapu A, Sethi Y, and Htyte N
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Comorbidity, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome, Cannabis adverse effects, Myocardial Infarction diagnosis, Myocardial Infarction epidemiology, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction chemically induced, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction diagnosis
- Abstract
As per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) is reported to be 805,000 cases annually in the United States (US). Although commonly occurring in elderly individuals with underlying cardiovascular comorbidities or younger generations with familial predispositions serving as risk factors, it is extremely rare for an isolated event to occur in teenagers with a history of marijuana use. In this article, we report a rare case of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a 19-year-old male with no past medical history that was attributed to marijuana use. This case report and review of literature depict a potential association between marijuana use and STEMI. We also highlight potential clinical implications to aid healthcare professionals in making an early diagnosis and achieving a timely management strategy., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Tachy-brady syndrome: Electrophysiology and evolving principles of management.
- Author
-
Padda I, Sebastian SA, Khehra N, Mahtani A, Sethi Y, Panthangi V, Fulton M, Bandyopadhyay D, and Johal G
- Subjects
- Humans, Sinoatrial Node, Tachycardia complications, Tachycardia diagnosis, Electrophysiology, Sick Sinus Syndrome diagnosis, Sick Sinus Syndrome therapy, Bradycardia diagnosis, Bradycardia etiology
- Abstract
Sudden alterations in the heart rate may be associated with diverse symptoms. Sinus node dysfunction (SND), also known as sick sinus syndrome, is a sinoatrial (SA) node disorder. SND is primarily caused by the dysfunction of the pacemaker, as well as impaired impulse transmission resulting in a multitude of abnormalities in the heart rhythms, such as bradycardia-tachycardia, atrial bradyarrhythmias, and atrial tachyarrhythmias. The transition from bradycardia to tachycardia is generally referred to as "tachy-brady syndrome" (TBS). Although TBS is etiologically variable, the manifestations remain consistent throughout. Abnormal heart rhythms have the propensity to limit tissue perfusion resulting in palpitations, fatigue, lightheadedness, presyncope, and syncope. In this review, we examine the physiology of tachy-brady syndrome, the practical approach to its diagnosis and management, and the role of adenosine in treating SND., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Sleep Attributes Influencing Cardiovascular Morbidity Among Young Adults Pursuing Professional Courses in Dehradun, India: A Cross-Sectional Study.
- Author
-
Nautiyal H, Roy D, Arya A, Maheshwari S, Agarwal P, Patel N, and Sethi Y
- Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are evolving as a cause of mortality and morbidity among young adults. Young adults, particularly those pursuing professional courses in colleges, face unique challenges that may influence their risk of developing CVD. Despite screening guidelines, CVD risk factors often go undetected in the young population, highlighting the need for increased awareness among adolescents. Sleep is an essential indicator of well-being, and its impact on cardiovascular risk factors is increasingly being recognized. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among young adults aged 18 to 24 years pursuing professional courses in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. A total of 156 participants were recruited through multistage, systematic random sampling, and snowball sampling. Data on sleep patterns and cardiovascular morbidity were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Among the study participants, 46.8% reported having less than four hours of sleep on average, and 25% were suffering from sleep problems. The prevalence of diagnosed CVDs was low, with 6.14% reporting arrhythmias and 3.84% reporting hypertension. An association was found between sleep duration, sleep problems, and the presence of CVDs. Participants with shorter sleep durations and more severe sleep problems had a higher prevalence of CVDs. The findings suggest that sleep duration and sleep problems may be modifiable risk factors for CVDs among young adults. Effective health promotion activities focusing on behavior and lifestyle modifications are essential to preventing CVDs from an early age. The study emphasizes the importance of early intervention and health promotion strategies to reduce CVD risk factors in this population. Community-based research and behavior change communication initiatives are recommended to promote healthy sleep habits and prevent cardiovascular diseases among young adults beyond the college setting., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Nautiyal et al.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Ethnic Disparities in the Burden of Cardiovascular Disease Among Immigrants in Canada.
- Author
-
Sebastian SA, Sethi Y, Padda I, and Johal G
- Subjects
- Humans, Canada epidemiology, Emigration and Immigration, Cost of Illness, Cardiovascular Diseases ethnology, Emigrants and Immigrants, Ethnicity
- Abstract
Canada has the highest level of immigration, with one in four Canadians being immigrants. And little is known about the ethnic differences and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the Canadian immigrant population. The high level of immigration has resulted in significant ethnic diversity in Canada, with each presenting a CVD risk profile unique to their ethnicity and country of birth. A better understanding of the ethnic differences in the risk of CVD could help navigate effective health promotion and targeted interventions, which can mitigate the burden of morbidity and mortality associated with the disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Myopathies of endocrine origin: A review for physicians.
- Author
-
Shah DN, Chorya HP, Ramesh NN, Gnanasekaram S, Patel N, Sethi Y, and Kaka N
- Subjects
- Humans, Quality of Life, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscular Diseases diagnosis, Muscular Diseases etiology, Muscular Diseases therapy, Endocrine System Diseases complications, Endocrine System Diseases diagnosis, Endocrine System Diseases therapy, Physicians
- Abstract
Myopathies are a common manifestation of endocrine disorders. Endocrine myopathies are often overlooked while considering differential diagnoses in patients with musculoskeletal symptoms. The hindrance to mobility and the musculoskeletal discomfort owing to these myopathies are important causes of disability and depreciated quality of life in these patients. Endocrine myopathies occur due to the effects of endogenous or iatrogenic hormonal imbalance on skeletal muscle protein and glucose metabolism, disrupting the excitation-contraction coupling. Abnormalities of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and gonadal hormones have all been associated with myopathies and musculoskeletal symptoms. Endocrine myopathies can either be the complication of a secondary endocrine disorder or a presenting symptom of a missed underlying disorder. Therefore, an underlying endocrine abnormality must always be excluded in all patients with musculoskeletal symptoms. This review presents a compilation of various endocrine myopathies, their etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and treatment protocols., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. There are no relevant financial or non-financial competing interests to report., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Unusual case of bullous emphysema with superimposed pneumonia.
- Author
-
Ralhan T, Padda I, Sethi Y, Karroum P, Fabian D, Hashmi R, Elmeligy M, Piccione G, Sharp R, and Fulton M
- Abstract
Bullous emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that results from chronic inflammation of the lung parenchyma leading to alveolar destruction. Etiology includes tobacco smoking and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. In this article, we present a rare case of bullous emphysema in a nonsmoker with no genetic predisposition or social risk factors presenting with productive cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath. The patient was diagnosed with bullous emphysema with superimposed pneumonia based on clinical and radiological findings. The patients acute complaints were treated successfully with antibiotics, supplemental oxygen, systemic steroids, and, nebulizer treatments. With this case report the authors highlight an unusual presentation of pneumonia in a patient with underlying bullous emphysema. Environmental exposure is often overlooked and the outcomes cannot be turned to favor without a comprehensive approach in patient management from history and physical to deciding the right treatment and follow-up protocols., (© 2023 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Precision Medicine and Cardiac Channelopathies: Human iPSCs Take the Lead.
- Author
-
Sebastian SA, Panthangi V, Sethi Y, Padda I, Khan U, Affas ZR, Mareddy C, Dolack L, and Johal G
- Subjects
- Humans, Adolescent, Adult, Precision Medicine, Artificial Intelligence, Arrhythmias, Cardiac genetics, Arrhythmias, Cardiac therapy, Death, Sudden, Cardiac etiology, Death, Sudden, Cardiac prevention & control, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Channelopathies genetics, Channelopathies therapy, Channelopathies complications, Long QT Syndrome diagnosis, Long QT Syndrome genetics, Long QT Syndrome therapy, Heart Diseases
- Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, usually involving young people. SCD remains a critical public health problem accounting for 185,000-450,000 deaths annually, representing around 7%-18% of all deaths globally. As per evidence, ∼2%-54% of sudden unexpected deaths in people under the age of 35 years fail to show evidence of structural cardiac abnormalities at autopsy, making ion channelopathies the probable causes in such cases. The most generally recognized cardiac ion channelopathies with genetic testing are long QT syndrome (LQTS), Brugada syndrome (BrS), short QT syndrome (SQTS), and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). The substantial progress in understanding the genetics of ion channelopathies in the last 2 decades has obliged the early diagnosis and prevention of SCD to a certain extent. In this review, we analyze the critical challenges and recent advancements in the identification, risk stratification, and clinical management of potentially fatal cardiac ion channel disorders. We also emphasize the application of precision medicine (PM) and artificial intelligence (AI) for comprehending the underlying genetic mechanisms, especially the role of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) based platforms to unravel the primary refractory clinical problems associated with channelopathies., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonism and Cardiomyocyte Regeneration Following Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review.
- Author
-
Sethi Y, Padda I, Sebastian SA, Malhi A, Malhi G, Fulton M, Khehra N, Mahtani A, Parmar M, and Johal G
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Humans, Receptors, Glucocorticoid metabolism, Zebrafish physiology, Cicatrix metabolism, Cicatrix pathology, Regeneration physiology, Mammals, Myocytes, Cardiac metabolism, Myocytes, Cardiac pathology, Myocardial Infarction drug therapy, Myocardial Infarction metabolism
- Abstract
Myocardial regeneration has been a topic of interest in literature and research in recent years. An evolving approach reported is glucocorticoid (GC) receptor antagonism and its role in the regeneration of cardiomyocytes. The authors of this study aim to explore the reported literature on GC receptor antagonism and its effects on cardiomyocyte remodeling, hypertrophy, scar formation, and ongoing cardiomyocyte death following cardiac injury. This article overviews cellular biology, mechanisms of action, clinical implications, challenges, and future considerations. The authors of this study conducted a systematic review utilizing the Cochrane methodology and PRISMA guidelines. This study includes data collected and interpreted from 30 peer-reviewed articles from 3 databases with the topic of interest. The mammalian heart has regenerative potential during its embryonic and fetal phases which is lost during its developmental processes. The microenvironment, intrinsic molecular mechanisms, and systemic and external factors impact cardiac regeneration. GCs influence these aspects in some cases. Consequently, GC receptor antagonism is emerging as a promising potential target for stimulating endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation, aiding in cardiomyocyte regeneration following a cardiac injury such as a myocardial infarction (MI). Experimental studies on neonatal mice and zebrafish have shown promising results with GC receptor ablation (or brief pharmacological antagonism) promoting the survival of myocardial cells, re-entry into the cell cycle, and cellular division, resulting in cardiac muscle regeneration and diminished scar formation. Transient GC receptor antagonism has the potential to stimulate cardiomyocyte regeneration and help prevent the dreaded complications of MI. More trials based on human populations are encouraged to justify their applications and weigh the risk-benefit ratio., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Effect of Smartphone Use on Sleep in Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.
- Author
-
Goel A, Moinuddin A, Tiwari R, Sethi Y, Suhail MK, Mohan A, Kaka N, Sarthi P, Dutt R, Ahmad SF, Attia SM, Emran TB, Chopra H, and Greig NH
- Abstract
Smartphone use, particularly at night, has been shown to provoke various circadian sleep-wake rhythm disorders such as insomnia and excessive daytime tiredness. This relationship has been mainly scrutinized among patient groups with higher rates of smartphone usage, particularly adolescents and children. However, it remains obscure how smartphone usage impacts sleep parameters in adults, especially undergraduate college students. This study sought to (1) investigate the association between smartphone use (actual screen time) and four sleep parameters: Pittsburgh sleep quality score (PSQI), self-reported screen time, bedtime, and rise time; (2) compare the seven PSQI components between good and poor sleep quality subjects. In total, 264 undergraduate medical students (aged 17 to 25 years) were recruited from the Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, India. All participants completed a sleep questionnaire, which was electronically shared via a WhatsApp invitation link. Hierarchical and multinomial regression analyses were performed in relation to (1) and (2). The average PSQI score was 5.03 ± 0.86, with approximately one in two respondents (48.3%) having a poor sleep index. Smartphone use significantly predicted respondents' PSQI score (β = 0.142, p = 0.040, R
2 = 0.027), perceived screen time (β = 0.113, p = 0.043, R2 = 343), bedtime (β = 0.106, p = 0.042, R2 = 045), and rise time (β = 0.174, p = 0.015, R2 = 0.028). When comparing poor-quality sleep (PSQI ≥ 5) to good-quality sleep (PSQI < 5), with good-quality sleep as the reference, except sleep efficiency and sleep medications ( p > 0.05), five PSQI components declined significantly: subjective sleep quality (β = -0.096, p < 0.001); sleep latency (β = -0.034, p < 0.001); sleep duration (β = -0.038, p < 0.001); sleep disturbances (β = 1.234, p < 0.001); and sleep dysfunction (β = -0.077, p < 0.001). Consequently, public health policymakers should take this evidence into account when developing guidelines around smartphone use-i.e., the when, where, and how much smartphone use-to promote improved sleep behaviour and reduce the rate of sleep-wake rhythm disorders.- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. HbA1c without Complete Blood Count: What are we Missing? - A viewpoint from South-East Asia.
- Author
-
Sethi Y, Khehra N, Padda I, Uniyal N, and Olson J
- Subjects
- Asia, Southeastern, Asia, Eastern, Glycated Hemoglobin
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Computational Cardiology: The Door to the Future of Interventional Cardiology.
- Author
-
Sethi Y, Padda I, Sebastian SA, Moinuddin A, and Johal G
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The age of computational cardiology and future of long-term ablation target prediction for ventricular tachycardia.
- Author
-
Moinuddin A, Ali SY, Goel A, Sethi Y, Patel N, Kaka N, Satapathy P, Sah R, Barboza JJ, and Suhail MK
- Abstract
Ventricular arrhythmias, particularly ventricular tachycardia, are ubiquitously linked to 300,000 deaths annually. However, the current interventional procedure-the cardiac ablation-predict only short-term responses to treatment as the heart constantly remodels itself post-arrhythmia. To assist in the design of computational methods which focuses on long-term arrhythmia prediction, this review postulates three interdependent prospectives. The main objective is to propose computational methods for predicting long-term heart response to interventions in ventricular tachycardia Following a general discussion on the importance of devising simulations predicting long-term heart response to interventions, each of the following is discussed: (i) application of "metabolic sink theory" to elucidate the "re-entry" mechanism of ventricular tachycardia; (ii) application of "growth laws" to explain "mechanical load" translation in ventricular tachycardia; (iii) derivation of partial differential equations (PDE) to establish a pipeline to predict long-term clinical outcomes in ventricular tachycardia., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Moinuddin, Ali, Goel, Sethi, Patel, Kaka, Satapathy, Sah, Barboza and Suhail.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Pathogenesis and management of multiple sclerosis revisited.
- Author
-
Shah A, Panchal V, Patel K, Alimohamed Z, Kaka N, Sethi Y, and Patel N
- Subjects
- Humans, Quality of Life, Glatiramer Acetate therapeutic use, Antibodies, Monoclonal therapeutic use, Prognosis, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Multiple Sclerosis drug therapy, Multiple Sclerosis chemically induced
- Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease characterized by selective destruction of myelin in the CNS neurons (including optic nerve). It was first described in the 19
th century and remained elusive owing to the disease's unique relapsing and remitting course. The widespread and debilitating prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) has prompted the development of various treatment modalities for its effective management., Methods and Objectives: A literature review was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar. The main objective of the review was to compile the advances in pathogenesis, classifications, and evolving treatment modalities for MS., Results: The understanding of the pathogenesis of MS and the potential drug targets for its precise treatment has evolved significantly over the past decade. The experimental developments are also motivating and present a big change coming up in the next 5 years. Numerous disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have revolutionized the management of MS: interferon (IFN) preparations, monoclonal antibodies-natalizumab and ocrelizumab, immunomodulatory agents-glatiramer acetate, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) modulators (Siponimod) and teriflunomide. The traditional parenteral drugs are now available as oral formulations improving patient acceptability. Repurposing various agents used for related diseases may reinforce the drug reserve to manage MS and are under trials. Although at a nascent phase, strategies to enhance re-myelination by stimulating oligodendrocytes are fascinating and hold promise for better outcomes in patients with MS., Conclusions: The recent past has seen staggering inclusions to the management of multiple sclerosis catalyzing a significant turnabout in our approach to diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Since the advent of DMTs various other oral and injectable agents have been approved. The advances in MS therapeutics and diagnostics have laid the ground for further research and development to enhance the quality of life of afflicted patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. There are no relevant financial or non-financial competing interests to report., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Diabetic neuropathy: Pathogenesis and evolving principles of management.
- Author
-
Zaino B, Goel R, Devaragudi S, Prakash A, Vaghamashi Y, Sethi Y, Patel N, and Kaka N
- Subjects
- Humans, Risk Factors, Pain Management methods, Diabetic Neuropathies therapy, Diabetic Neuropathies drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 complications
- Abstract
The global rise of prediabetes and diabetes has spawned an epidemic of complications associated with these conditions. Neuropathy is the most common consequence, with distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) being the most prevalent. Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a debilitating consequence of diabetes mellitus resulting in the highest morbidity and death, besides imposing a substantial financial burden on the patient. Loss of sensory function commencing distally in the lower limbs, accompanied by discomfort and considerable morbidity, characterizes diabetic neuropathy. The clinical evaluation and therapeutic options for diabetic peripheral neuropathy are multifaceted. At least fifty percent of people with diabetes acquire diabetic neuropathy over time. Good glycemic control halts the evolution in individuals with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. These results have prompted fresh attempts to comprehend the origin and develop new guidelines for prevention and treatment. New recommendations have also been established for the treatment of painful DN using separate classes of medications, with an emphasis on avoiding the use of opioids. Although our comprehension of the intricacies of diabetic neuropathy has progressed significantly over the past decade, the unique processes driving the neuropathy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes remain unexplained. Currently, glycemic control and pain management are the only effective therapies. While glucose management significantly reduces neuropathy development in type 1 diabetics, the effect is considerably lower in type 2 diabetics. Evidence supports the use of anticonvulsants and antidepressants for diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain treatment. However, the absence of disease-modifying medications for diabetic DSP necessitates the identification of unrecognized modifiable risk factors. It is imperative to identify the 'missed' risk factors and targets, allowing comprehensive, individualized care for patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. There are no relevant financial or non-financial competing interests to report., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. A Comprehensive Review on Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Presentation, Pathophysiology and Management.
- Author
-
Sultana Q, Kar J, Verma A, Sanghvi S, Kaka N, Patel N, Sethi Y, Chopra H, Kamal MA, and Greig NH
- Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a group of heterogeneous tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation that can arise from any organ. They account for 2% of all malignancies in the United States. A significant proportion of NEN patients experience endocrine imbalances consequent to increased amine or peptide hormone secretion, impacting their quality of life and prognosis. Over the last decade, pathologic categorization, diagnostic techniques and therapeutic choices for NENs-both well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs)-have appreciably evolved. Diagnosis of NEN mostly follows a suspicion from clinical features or incidental imaging findings. Hormonal or non-hormonal biomarkers (like serum serotonin, urine 5-HIAA, gastrin and VIP) and histology of a suspected NEN is, therefore, critical for both confirmation of the diagnosis and classification as an NET or NEC. Therapy for NENs has progressed recently based on a better molecular understanding, including the involvement of mTOR, VEGF and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), which add to the growing evidence supporting the possibility of treatment beyond complete resection. As the incidence of NENs is on the rise in the United States and several other countries, physicians are more likely to see these cases, and their better understanding may support earlier diagnosis and tailoring treatment to the patient. We have compiled clinically significant evidence for NENs, including relevant changes to clinical practice that have greatly updated our diagnostic and therapeutic approach for NEN patients.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Cardiac amyloidosis: evolving pathogenesis, multimodal diagnostics, and principles of treatment.
- Author
-
Medarametla GD, Kahlon RS, Mahitha L, Shariff S, Vakkalagadda NP, Chopra H, Kamal MA, Patel N, Sethi Y, and Kaka N
- Abstract
Amyloidosis is a protein deposition disorder in which insoluble fibril structures accumulate in the bodily tissues damaging the organ function. Cardiac amyloidosis is a severe but under-reported medical condition characterized by the accumulation of amyloid in the extracellular area of the myocardium, which results in thickening and stiffening of ventricular walls. Cardiac amyloidosis has recently gained much attention with its slowly surging incidence. With this study, we seek to comprehensively compile the pathophysiology and clinical picture of cardiac amyloidosis subtypes, extending a clinically oriented, up-to-date clinical approach to diagnosis and therapy. Cardiac amyloidosis can be caused by rare genetic mutations which may be inherited or acquired. The growing incidence can be attributed to advancements in imaging methods and other diagnostic modalities. Most occurrences of cardiac amyloidosis result from two forms of precursor protein: transthyretin [TTR] amyloid and immunoglobulin-derived light-chain amyloid. Prompt identification of cardiac amyloidosis can facilitate the implementation of evolving therapeutic interventions to enhance the outcomes. The modalities for the management of CA have evolved significantly in the last ten years. Apart from therapies for modifying disease and heart failure, a myriad of novel therapeutic approaches that target specific aspects of the disease, including gene therapies, are being researched. These aim at impeding its progression and improving clinical outcomes. See also Figure 1(Fig. 1)., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. There are no relevant financial or non-financial competing interests to report., (Copyright © 2023 Medarametla et al.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Epidemiological Correlates of Substance Abuse Among In-Facility Clients of De-addiction and Rehabilitation Centres of District Dehradun: A Cross-Sectional Study.
- Author
-
Zahin N, Roy D, Sinha R, Maheshwari S, Sethi Y, and Patel N
- Abstract
Background The increasing production, distribution, promotion, and availability of substances contemporaneous with the changing values of society have resulted in rising substance abuse as an emerging public health concern in India. A prevalence of 32-37% has been reported for substance abuse in various studies conducted in Uttarakhand but there is a dearth of data on socio-epidemiological factors affecting substance abuse. Materials & methods A facility-based observational cross-sectional study was conducted in selected de-addiction and rehabilitation centers of district Dehradun. Data were collected using multistage systematic random sampling from clients admitted to the facility. Results The mean age of in-facility participants was 28 ± 8 years and most of them started taking drugs after the age of 18 years. The most common substance of abuse was alcohol (61.7%) followed by tobacco smoking (15.6%). Both 'peer pressure' and 'curiosity' play a major role in predisposition to substance use. Further, we found that age (p=0.002), and level of education (p <0.001) were important determinants for substance abuse. At the same time, among other factors, the influence of occupation notably did not have a statistically significant association. Conclusion Sensitization and capacity building of both providers and the community is integral to effective strategizing for the prevention and control of substance abuse. Regional studies including the current study can be of help in framing drug policies and management guidelines including prioritizing the importance of the establishment of de-addiction and rehabilitation centers at the district level., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Zahin et al.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Gene Editing as the Future of Cardiac Amyloidosis Therapeutics.
- Author
-
Sethi Y, Mahtani AU, Khehra N, Padda I, Patel N, Sebastian SA, Malhi G, Kaiwan O, Saith S, and Johal G
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Gene Editing methods, Prospective Studies, Amyloid, Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial therapy, Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial drug therapy, Heart Failure
- Abstract
Cardiac Amyloidosis (CA) is a manifestation of a systemic disorder resulting from the deposition of transthyretin (TTR) in the myocardium. This leads to a myriad of manifestations ranging from conduction defects to heart failure. Previously CA was considered a rare disease, but recent advances in diagnostics and therapeutics have revealed the prevalence to be higher than estimated. There are two major classes of treatments for TTR cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA): TTR stabilizers, such as tafamidis and AG10, and RNA interference (siRNA), such as patisiran and vutrisiran. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats of genetic information-Cas9 endonuclease (CRISPR-Cas9) utilizes an RNA-guided endonuclease to target specific locations in the genome. Until recently, CRISPR-Cas9 was studied in small animal models for its ability to decrease extracellular deposition and accumulation of amyloid in tissues. Gene editing has demonstrated some early clinical promise as an emerging therapeutic modality in the treatment of CA. In an introductory human trial involving 12 subjects with TTR amyloidosis and amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM), CRISPR-Cas9 therapy has demonstrated a reduction in approximately 90% of serum TTR proteins after 28 days. In this article, the authors review the current literature on therapeutic gene editing as a prospective curative treatment modality for CA., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. 'Zombie virus' and the social media: A social media analysis and call for action.
- Author
-
Sethi Y, Vora V, Agarwal P, Chopra H, Chandran D, and Dhama K
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Authors declare no conflict of interest
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The synthesis and super capacitive characterization of microwave-assisted highly crystalline α-Fe 2 O 3 /Fe 3 O 4 nanoheterostructures.
- Author
-
Panmand R, Sethi Y, Jha A, and Kale B
- Abstract
A facile microwave-assisted solvothermal process for the synthesis of narrow-size distributed α-Fe
2 O3 , α-Fe2 O3 /Fe3 O4 , and Fe3 O4 nanostructures was demonstrated using PVP as a surfactant. During the reaction, the influence of the reaction media, such as the mixture of ethylene glycol and water on the formation of α-Fe2 O3 , α-Fe2 O3 /Fe3 O4 , and Fe3 O4 was systematically studied. Interestingly, pure aqueous medicated solvothermal reaction conferred phase pure rhombohedral Fe2 O3 (hematite) and linearly upsurging the formation of cubic Fe3 O4 (magnetite) with the increasing concentration of EG and further, in pure EG, it deliberated cubic Fe3 O4 . FESEM and FETEM images of α-Fe2 O3 /Fe3 O4 nano heterostructure clearly showed the nanosized Fe3 O4 particles of 4-6 nm decorated onto Fe2 O3 nanoparticles. Further, the electrochemical properties of α-Fe2 O3 , α-Fe2 O3 /Fe3 O4 , and Fe3 O4 nanoparticles were investigated with galvanostatic charge-discharge and cyclic voltammetry measurements using a 3-electrode system. The findings show that their specific capacitances are linked to the type of iron oxide. More significantly, the α-Fe2 O3 /Fe3 O4 nanoheterostructure exhibited the utmost capacitance of 165 F g-1 , which is greater than that of pristine α-Fe2 O3 and Fe3 O4 . Enhancement in the electrochemical performance was found due to the improved charge transfer that occurred at the interface of the nanoheterostructure. The nanoparticles of Fe3 O4 deposited on the Fe2 O3 increased the active sites, which accelerated the process of adsorption and desorption of ions, thereby enhancing the interface-assisted charge transfer and reducing the internal resistance, which is ultimately responsible for enhanced capacitance. Such heterostructures of nano iron oxide may fulfill the requirements of electrodes in supercapacitors., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Recurrent syncopal episodes in a pregnant patient with neurocysticercosis.
- Author
-
Padda I, Aziz D, Mahtani A, Sethi Y, Sebastian SA, Sexton J, Karroum P, Fabian D, and Fulton M
- Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic infection of the nervous system and acquired epilepsy in low-resource settings due to the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium . Humans contract the intestinal infection of the adult tapeworm (taeniasis) through the fecal-oral route after consuming undercooked food, particularly pork or water, contaminated with tapeworm eggs. When the larvae invades the central nervous system (CNS), the infection causes NCC, which often manifests as late-onset seizures, chronic headaches, and intracranial hypertension. We describe a 31-year-old Hispanic multigravida woman from Guatemala, at 33 weeks of gestation, who presented with multiple syncopal and hypotensive episodes prompting a Computed tomography (CT) image of the head revealing multiple small cerebral calcifications indicating NCC. In this article, we highlight the significance of early symptom recognition and diagnostic workup for NCC in areas with diverse immigrant populations. We also discuss the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and current treatment modalities available for NCC., (Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Immediate identification and management of an open posterior knee dislocation: Important lessons from a case report.
- Author
-
Martinez-Urrea D, Bencomo A, Song E, Sethi Y, Padda I, Casas-Espinosa S, and Fulton M
- Abstract
Traumatic knee dislocation represents a rare event, contributing to less than 0.02 % of all orthopedic trauma and 0.05 % of joint dislocations, respectively. It is critically important to recognize, identify, and appropriately manage such cases as 'time' is implicated as an outcome-determining factor. Thus, such cases warrant quick consideration and appropriate management to mitigate the possibility of neurovascular damage and long-term sequelae. We report a case of a 59-year-old man struck by a motor vehicle in a remote rural community in northern Mexico managed with external fixation 16 h after the initial trauma, and later resulting in a supracondylar amputation. The authors of this case report underline the importance of timely intervention strategies when faced with such cases of knee dislocation and promote enhanced training of peripheral trauma-care providers to help improve patient outcomes., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Linezolid-induced black hairy tongue in a patient treated for idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a case report.
- Author
-
Sethi Y, Padda I, Fulton M, Kaiwan O, Chopra H, and Bin Emran T
- Abstract
Linezolid-induced black hairy tongue (BHT) is a highly scarce adverse event of linezolid therapy. To date, there are very few reported cases in contemporary literature. The onset and mechanism of BHT are also not well understood., Case Report: In this article, the authors report a case of BHT in a 28-year-old female following 5 days of therapy with linezolid. The patient recovered well within few days of discontinuation of the drug and maintaining oral hygeine. Patient reassurance and counselling was integral to the management., Discussion and Conclusion: This case report and review depict a rare adverse effect of linezolid and discuss its clinical implications aiding healthcare professionals in an early diagnosis and cromulent management strategy. The authors also present a compilation of previously reported literature on linezolid-induced BHT to support the discussion., Competing Interests: None., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Good outcome of surgical treatment for contaminated penile wound due to a fall from stairs: a case report.
- Author
-
Patel N, Kaka N, Sharma P, Mahajan N, Ansari R, and Sethi Y
- Abstract
Background: Penile trauma due to the associated stigma poses a diagnostic challenge. The causes of isolated penile injuries include zipper injuries (mainly in children), falls, burns, during fellatio, self-mutilation (Klingsor syndrome), and rarely purposeful forceful bending of the erect penis (Taqaandan). Delayed management of penile trauma might increase the risk of infection, rarely leading to sepsis acutely or structural and functional disabilities in the long run. We believe our report is the first to contribute data on a patient with a delayed presentation of contaminated penile wound who recovered well with prompt management., Case Description: A traumatic laceration of the penis due to a fall from stairs is extremely unexpected. Here we present the case of a 14-year-old boy who slipped from the stairs and got an isolated American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) Grade-1 ventrolateral penile skin laceration. He took home remedies for 10 days before reporting with a contaminated wound. The patient was first managed conservatively with antibiotics [Amoxyclav 625 mg thrice daily (TDS) and Metronidazole 400 mg TDS], wound care, and then treated surgically, helping wound repair. He recovered well after the treatment and retained normal urinary and sexual function., Conclusions: Penile trauma is severely under-reported due to the stigma associated with it. Early diagnosis and prompt management are imperative to limit complications. A detailed history helps to evaluate the exact cause and check out possibilities of sexual assault. Appropriate management in tandem with patient education and an attempt to de-stigmatize the interaction helps favorable long-term outcomes., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest:All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://acr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/acr-22-60/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2023 AME Case Reports. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of monkeypox: A clinically oriented comprehensive review.
- Author
-
Sethi Y, Agarwal P, Murli H, Waheed S, Matar SG, Baklola M, Chopra H, Emran TB, and Hasabo EA
- Subjects
- Humans, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Coma, Disease Outbreaks, Mpox (monkeypox) epidemiology
- Abstract
Monkeypox (MPX) has emerged as a threatening outbreak in recent months. The understanding of disease pathogenesis and its systemic involvement has evolved with time. Both the virus and its vaccine, like other members of the Orthopoxvirus family, were always expected to have neuropsychiatric consequences. Several neurological complications have been reported with MPX and its vaccines that include but not limited to headaches, myalgia, encephalitis, and coma. Psychiatric complications like anxiety and depression have also been reported; however, we lack evidence to present a direct causality. We conducted a literature review to compile recent evidence on neuropsychiatric manifestations and underline the importance of evolving aspects and complications of MPX. We advocate for better reporting of cases and adverse events, to enhance our understanding of the disease, aiding physicians to make more informed decisions, thus facilitating timely diagnosis and treatment., (© 2023 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Hypertension the 'Missed Modifiable Risk Factor' for Diabetic Neuropathy: a Systematic Review.
- Author
-
Sethi Y, Uniyal N, Vora V, Agarwal P, Murli H, Joshi A, Patel N, Chopra H, Hasabo EA, and Kaka N
- Subjects
- Humans, Risk Factors, Blood Pressure, Perception, Diabetic Neuropathies etiology, Diabetic Neuropathies prevention & control, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications
- Abstract
Diabetes and hypertension stand as the major non-infectious diseases affecting 34.2 million and 1.28 billion people respectively. The literature on the impact of diabetes on hypertension and vice versa is evolving. The major objectives of this review were to compile the evolving literature establishing the role of hypertension in diabetic neuropathy, derive the exact mechanisms for its pathogenesis, and describe evidence-based precise individualized management of diabetic neuropathy in patients having diabetes complicated by hypertension. A systematic review was conducted by searching databases of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus covering the literature from inception to 2022. We included all observational and experimental studies, including both human and animal studies looking into the correlation between diabetic neuropathy and hypertension. Hypertension poses to be the leading modifiable risk factor for the development of diabetic neuropathy, especially distal symmetrical polyneuropathy, producing abnormal nerve conduction parameters and increased vibration perception threshold in patients with diabetes mellitus. Thus, we advocate that good glycemic control in patients with diabetes needs to be supported with strict blood pressure control for preventing and delaying the onset of diabetic neuropathy., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Environmental correlates of infectious diseases in South-East Asia: A perspective on the missed link.
- Author
-
Sethi Y, Kaka N, Patel N, Roy D, Chopra H, and Emran TB
- Abstract
•Climate change, essentially due to global warming, the plundering of the earth's ecosystem.•Changing climatic circumstances may affect species' range and density.•Infectious disease can be seen as an outcome derived from multi-factorial correlates.•"One health" needs more attention, specially in regions more prone to environment., (© 2023 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.