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The South-East Asia (SEA) Region of the World Health Organization (WHO), through a Regional Committee resolution in 2013, adopted the goal of "measles elimination and rubella control by 2020". The goal was revised in 2019 to "measles and rubella elimination by 2023". Countries of the Region have made significant efforts to achieve the goal. Progress has been made in the Region, with five of the 11 countries of the Region having been verified for having eliminated measles and rubella. Surveillance and immunization program performance for measles and rubella has shown an improvement since 2013. This progress has been possible due to a high level of political and programmatic commitment in the countries of the Region, as well as due to the alliances and infrastructures established for disease elimination initiatives in the past, notably for polio, being utilized effectively to implement strategies for measles and rubella elimination. The unforeseen COVID-19 pandemic had a detrimental effect on the immunization and surveillance efforts, leading to a delay in the achievement of measles and rubella elimination in the Region. Challenges to achieve the goal remain; however, efforts are ongoing in countries to not only protect the gains made so far but also to make further progress towards the goal of measles and rubella elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The landscape of routine child immunization in India is changing rapidly. (1-3) The national government declared 2012-2013 to be a period of intensification in child immunization, with a focus [...], Objective To review the data, for 1999-2013, on state-level child vaccination coverage in India and provide estimates of coverage at state and national levels. Methods We collated data from administrative reports, population-based surveys and other sources and used them to produce annual estimates of vaccination coverage. We investigated bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine, the first and third doses of vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis, the third dose of oral polio vaccine and the first dose of vaccine against measles. We obtained relevant data covering the period 1999-2013 for each of 16 states and territories and the period 2001-2013 for the state of Jharkhand--which was only created in 2000. We aggregated the resultant state-level estimates, using a population-weighted approach, to give national values. Findings For each of the vaccinations we investigated, about half of the 253 estimates of annual coverage at state level that we produced were based on survey results. The rest were based on interpolation between--or extrapolation from--so-called anchor points or, more rarely, on administrative data. Our national estimates indicated that, for each of the vaccines we investigated, coverage gradually increased between 1999 and 2010 but then levelled off. Conclusion The delivery of routine vaccination services to Indian children appears to have improved between 1999 and 2013.There remains considerable scope to improve the recording and reporting of childhood vaccination coverage in India and regular systematic reviews of the coverage data are recommended. Objectif Examiner, pour la periode 1999-2013, les donnees relatives a la couverture vaccinale des enfants au niveau etatique en Inde et fournir des estimations de la couverture vaccinale aux niveaux etatique et national. Methodes Nous avons rassemble des donnees provenant, entre autres sources, de rapports administratifs et d'enquetes aupres de la population pour obtenir des estimations annuelles de la couverture vaccinale. Notre etude a porte sur le vaccin bilie de Calmette et Guerin, la premiere et la troisieme dose du vaccin contre la diphterie, le tetanos et la coqueluche, la troisieme dose du vaccin antipoliomyelitique oral et la premiere dose du vaccin contre la rougeole. Nous avons obtenu des donnees pertinentes couvrant la periode 1999-2013 pour 16 Etats et territoires et la periode 2001-2013 pour l'Etat du Jharkhand, qui a vu le jour en 2000 seulement. Nous avons ensuite regroupe les estimations au niveau etatique qui en decoulaient a l'aide d'une approche ponderee selon la population afin d'obtenir des valeurs nationales. Resultats Pour chaque type de vaccination etudie, environ la moitie des 253 estimations de la couverture annuelle au niveau etatique que nous avons etablies etait basee sur des resultats d'enquetes. Les autres reposaient sur une interpolation entre Jes points d'ancrage--ou une extrapolation a partir des points d'ancrage--ou, plus rarement, sur des donnees administratives. Nos estimations nationales faisaient etat, pour chacun des vaccins etudies, d'une augmentation progressive de la couverture vaccinale entre 1999 et 2010, puis d'une stagnation. Conclusion La prestation de services de vaccination systematique a l'intention des enfants indiens semble s'etre amelioree entre 1999 et 2013. Il reste neanmoins encore beaucoup a faire pour favoriser l'enregistrement et l'etablissement de rapports sur la couverture vaccinale des enfants en Inde et il est recommande de realiser des etudes systematiques regulieres sur les donnees relatives a la couverture. Objetivo Revisar los datos de los anos 1999 a 2013 sobre la cobertura de vacunacion infantil a nivel estatal en la India y ofrecer estimaciones de cobertura a nivel estatal y nacional. Metodos Se recopilaron datos de informes administrativos, encuestas basadas en la poblacion y otras fuentes y se utilizaron para producir estimaciones anuales de la cobertura de vacunacion. Se investigaron la vacuna del bacilo Calmette-Guerin (BCG), la primera y tercera dosis de la vacuna contra la difteria, el tetanos y la tos ferina, la tercera dosis de la vacuna antipoliomielitica oral y la primera dosis de la vacuna contra el sarampion. Se obtuvieron datos relevantes del periodo comprendido entre 1999 y 2013 para cada uno de los 16 estados y territorios y del periodo comprendido entre 2001 y 2013 para el estado de Jharkhand, que se creo en el ano 2000. Se anadieron las previsiones resultantes a nivel estatal, utilizando un enfoque de ponderacion poblacional, para obtener los valores nacionales. Resultados Para cada una de las vacunas investigadas, alrededor de la mitad de las 253 estimaciones de cobertura anual a nivel estatal que se produjeron se basaron en los resultados de encuestas. El resto se basaron en la Interpolacion entre, o extrapolacion de, los conocidos puntos de anclaje o, con menos frecuencia, datos administrativos. Las estimaciones nacionales Indicaron que la cobertura para cada una de las vacunas Investigadas aumentode forma gradual entre losados 1999 y 2010, pero luego se mantuvo sin cambios. Conclusion La prestacion de servicios de vacunacion rutinarios a ninos indios parece haber mejorado entre los anos 1999 y 2013. Aun queda mucho margen para mejorar el registro y la presentacion de Informes sobre la cobertura de vacunacion Infantil en la India, y se recomienda realizar revisiones sistematicas de forma regular de la Informacion sobre la cobertura.

Introduction Following the withdrawal of Sabin type 2 from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) in 2016, the introduction of ≥1 dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in routine immunization was recommended, either as 1 full dose (0.5mL, intramuscular) or 2 fractional doses of IPV (fIPV—0.1mL, intradermal). India opted for fIPV. We conducted a comparative assessment of IPV and fIPV. Methods This was a 4-arm, open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Infants were enrolled and vaccines administered according to the study design, and the blood was drawn at age 6, 14, and 18 weeks for neutralization testing against all 3 poliovirus types. Results Study enrolled 799 infants. The seroconversion against type 2 poliovirus with 2 fIPV doses was 85.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 80.1%-90.0%) when administered at age 6 and 14 weeks, 77.0% (95% CI: 70.5-82.5) when given at age 10 and 14 weeks, compared to 67.9% (95% CI: 60.4-74.6) following 1 full-dose IPV at age 14 weeks. Conclusion The study demonstrated the superiority of 2 fIPV doses over 1 full-dose IPV in India. Doses of fIPV given at 6 and 14 weeks were more immunogenic than those given at 10 and 14 weeks. Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI). Clinical trial registration number was CTRI/2017/02/007793. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the steps taken for the system migration from DOS based CDS/ISIS to Windows Server platform. A web based system has been developed using SQL Server 2005 as backend and asp.net 3.5 Microsoft Technology as front end. The unique feature of the developed system is compatibility with web and Desktop Publishing (DTP) which makes it more useful. A brief description and need for the system migration/ development are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]