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Background: Busulfan is a DNA alkylating drug used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This type of leukemia affects bone marrow cells or myocytes, which make up bone marrow tissue having a chronic process. Leukemia is a progressive and malignant disease of the body's hematopoietic organs. The disease is caused by the underdevelopment and proliferation of white blood cells and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Objective: The synthesis of Busulfan drug and the conjugation of Busulfan from the anomeric position of acetylated galactose as a new derivative of Busulfan and its anti-cancer effect on K562 cancer cells are among the most important objectives of this study. Methods: In this work, galactose was acetylated with acetic anhydride in the presence of sodium acetate, then the anomeric position of acetylated carbohydrate deacetylated using imidazole to obtain the final product through the reaction of Busulfan. Anti-cancer activity of the product was evaluated against K562 cancer cells. The proliferation and survival of K562 cancer cells and PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) using the AO/PI method were studied. Furthermore, 1- (2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-Iβ-D-galactopyranosyl) -4- (methyl sulfonyl oxy) butane was evaluated against cancer cells as a new derivative. Results: In this study, the Acridine Orange / Propidium Iodide (AO/PI) method was performed using fluorescence microscopy to evaluate the efficacy of a synthesized product. The effective dose of 0.02 mg/L of 1- (2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-Iβ-D-galactopyranosyl) -4- (methyl sulfonyl oxy) butane was observed to cause 96% of cancer cells necrosis. Conclusion: 1- (2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-Iβ-D-galactopyranosyl) -4- (methyl sulfonyl oxy) butane as a new derivative of Busulfan acts non-specifically in the cell cycle by inhibiting DNA activity by alkylation and binding to the DNA strand. Alkylating agents usually bind an alkyl group to the number seven nitrogen atom in the guanine nucleotide in a DNA molecule.

Objective: In this meta-analysis and systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the TISADs to facilitates anchorage reinforcement. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ISI, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar, were used from the electronic databases until 2020 perform systematic literature. Two reviewers extracted data blindly and independently from various abstracts as well as full texts of articles they considered for data extraction. Using the Cochrane collaboration's tool, we evaluated the publications' quality. Then, we computed the mean difference of TISADs and conventional anchorage groups with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%, restricted maximum likelihood (REML), and random effect model of the mesial movement of molars and their tipping. Moreover, we employed Stata/MP 16 that has been considered the most rapid version of Stata for evaluating meta-analysis. Results: According to our electronic searches, 134 topics and abstracts with potential relevance were identified according to the research design. Finally, five publications matched the required inclusion criteria of the study. In addition, the Cochrane collaboration instrument exhibited all studies with low to moderate biases. Also, the mean difference of mesial molar movement showed less anchorage loss in the TISADs group vs. the controls, and a significant difference between these two groups (MD= -1.74 with a CI of 95%, -2.76, -0.71. P = 0.00). Conclusions: TISADs can reduce treatment time, and TISADs are more effective in enables the anchorage than other methods and higher tipping in the TISADs.

Objective The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes comparison between various types of laser pulpotomy and formocresol pulpotomy on primary molars. Methods According to the research design, we employed MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ISI as the electronic databases for performing a systematic literature review between 2010 to June 2020. Therefore, a commercially accessible software program (Endnote X9) was utilized for the electronic title administration. Searches were performed with mesh terms. Log-odds ratio between two groups (laser pulpotomy and formocresol pulpotomy) with a 95 % confidence interval (CI), random-effect model, and restricted maximum-likelihood (REML) method were calculated. The Meta-analysis and forest plots have been evaluated using software program available in the market (i.e., Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Stata V16). Results 561 potentially relevant abstracts and topics were obtained in the course of the manual and electronic searches, and finally, nine studies were included. For 6-months follow-up clinical outcome, the Odds ratio was (OR, -0.37 95 % CI -1.43, 0.68. P = 0.49) among 8 studies and heterogeneity found (I2 = 0%; P = 0.93). This result showed there was no statistically significant difference between Laser Pulpotomy and formocresol pulpotomy. Conclusion Diode laser is more suitable for dental pulpotomy than other lasers, and its clinical and radiographic success rate is similar and even higher than that of formocresol pulpotomy.

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Objective: To compare the airway changes and risks of sleep apnea after the bimaxillary orthognathic surgery and mandibular setback surgery in the growing patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion . Material and Methods: MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ISI, Google scholar have been utilized as the electronic databases for performing systematic literature between 2010 to August 2020. The quality of the included studies has been assessed using MINORS. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16 software. Results: In electronic searches, a total of 218 potentially relevant abstracts and topics have been found. Finally, 23 papers met the criteria defined for inclusion in this systematic review. The mean difference of upper airway total volume changes between before and after surgery was (MD = 1.86 cm 3 95% CI 0.61 cm 3 -3.11 cm 3 ; p= 0.00) among 14 studies. This result showed that after Mandibular Setback Surgery, there was a statistically significant decrease in the upper airway volume . Conclusion: Class III Patients who undergo bimaxillary surgery show no other significant difference in airways volume after surgery than patients in Class III who undergo mandibular setback alone.

Objective: To systematically review the hyalinization of experimental tooth movement in humans and animals. Material and Methods: The electronic databases of MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Institute for Scientific Information, and Google Scholar were searched for performing a systematic review of the related literature published until 2019. Moreover, Endnote X9 software was utilized to manage electronic titles. The searches were fulfilled using keywords of "hyalinization," "orthodontic tooth movement" OR "OTM" AND "periodontal ligament" OR "PDL," "molecular pathways," AND "mechanical cell." Therefore, this systematic review was conducted based on the key consideration of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: Forces ranged between 2.3 and 50 CN had been applied. According to the research design, incisors had been included in two experiments, whereas maxillary molars had been displaced by tipping forces in another rat examination. However, a majority of investigations had stated that hyalinization had firstly appeared within the first 24 hours. Moreover, the amount of prostaglandin-end peroxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) had been positively related to force term and size utilizing Western blotching. As PTGS2 had been included in the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) metabolism, the up-regulation of PTGS2 gene expression could be connected with that of PGE2 emission. Conclusion: Gene expression in connection with force term and size and also the first signalling pathways were recognized utilizing protein-protein interactions (PPIs).

Background and aim: Endoscopic sinus surgery owing to its satisfactory prognosis and low complication is considered as the first line of surgical procedure. Implant failure is often reported despite efforts in recent years. The purpose of this study was to review the factors leading to side effects in dental implantation of the maxillary sinus. Material and Methods: The systematic search was performed on electronic databases of MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ISI, Google scholar to find corresponding articles regarding dental literature during 2010 to 2019. Electronic title management was carried out by Endnote X9 software. Searches were based on the keywords of “dental implants”, “Implants”,” dental”,” maxilla”, “sinusitis”. Results: The searched potentially relevant titles and abstracts were related to 294 articles, 104 of which were excluded due to lack of study inclusion criteria. At last, 11 articles were included into the final analysis. Postoperative sinusitis was found in 78 patients within 9 articles among 1195 patients. The implant failure was reported in 136 cases and the sinus membrane perforation in 185 sinuses within 11 articles among 1372 sinus lift procedures. Conclusion: The findings showed that the risk factors of sinusitis after implant surgery were Schneiderian membrane rupture and preoperative sinusitis, as well as smoking and residual bone height were the parameters elevating the dental implant failure risk.KEYWORDSSinusitis; Dental implants; Implant failure.