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In recent years the biocomposites are highly utilized in the biomedical applications, due to excellent strength as well as weight ratio. A lot of natural fibers, namely, flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, and sisal are cheaply available in colossal amount. Aim of this study, a novel approach, is executed for construction of biomedical orthopedic parts by using mixture of natural fibers. This work handled biocomposites such as flax fiber (FX), chicken feather fiber (CF), kenaf fiber (KF), and rice husk fiber (RH) effectively. From all these composites, four sets of mixed fibers with reinforcement of polylactic acid polymer used for creating orthopedic parts. The hand-lay-based methodology is undertaken for preparation of hybrid biocomposites. Parameters involved for this study are fiber types (KF + RH, RH + FX, FX + CF, and CF + KF), laminate count (2, 4, 6 and 8) infill density (30%, 60%, 90%, and 120%), and raster angle (0/60, 30/120, 50/140, and 70/160). Finding of this work is dimensional accuracy, flexural strength, and shore hardness that are analyzed by L16 orthogonal array. ANOVA statistical analysis is enhanced and enlightens the results of flexural strength and source hardness of the biocomposites. Amongst in four parameters, the fiber type parameter extremely contributes such as 40.50% in the flexural analysis. Similarly, laminate count parameter highly contributes such as 31.01% in the shore hardness analysis.

Biodiesel is one of the promising alternative fuels for CI engines. Emission like carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons are less for biodiesel when compared to diesel. In this present work, an attempt was made to test the diesel engine with biodiesel and evaluate the results. The biodiesel was prepared using castor seed oil. Various properties of pure biodiesel and its diesel blends (20, 40, 60 and 80 by volume) are determined. The results are then compared with diesel and the calorific value (CV) of diesel was found to be higher than biodiesel. In contrast, viscosity and density are very near diesel values. The biodiesel with different blends was tested on a single cylinder naturally aspirated CI engine. The results indicate that at 75% load, 20% blend of diesel shown excellent brake thermal efficiency (BTE), which is 26.49% whereas the diesel at the same load gives 26.86% of BTE.

In recent years, magnesium-based alloys and composites have great attention in automobile, structural, and biomedical industries due to their desirable characteristics such as lower density, low elastic modulus, high specific strength, better damping properties, and excellent castability. The pure magnesium was used as a matrix material and reinforced with fly ash fillers of different compositions with a weight percentage of 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% to compare with the pure magnesium. The three different weights (wt%) of fly ash/Mg samples were prepared using the bottom pouring stir casting method. Fabricated samples sliding wear characteristics and mechanical behaviour (ASTM standard) were studied. Wear, tensile, and hardness results portray that 7.5 wt% fly ash composites possess better elongation and hardness and good wear resistance. The tensile strength values were improved by 42% in sample 4 compared with pure Mg. Hardness values were also improved by 21% in sample 4 compared with pure Mg. The wear rate and coefficient of friction are also reduced by the increased weight percentage of fly ash reinforcement. SEM images display casted pure magnesium’s morphology and wear-tested samples’ worn surface characteristics.

In the automobile sector, pistons are anodized on the crown, on ring grooves, and also on skirts to improve its wear resistance and corrosion resistance properties. In this work, we have carried out crown anodizing along with skirt anodizing simultaneously to study the wear resistance of anodized samples. The surfaces are anodized with three different processes such as soft anodizing, hard anodizing, and microarc oxidation (MAO) or well known as plasma arc oxidation (PAO). All the three processes differ in their respective procedures. The hardness value and microstructure of all the samples were tested to find wear resistance values and the effect of coatings on the samples. In wear testing, piston samples are rubbed on cast iron to denote its wear resistance based on weight loss per unit time. Reciprocating wear testing is also carried out on every sample for testing their wear resistance value.

An ultra-low quiescent current capacitor-less low-drop out (LDO) regulator is proposed in this paper. The LDO is designed using domino control which automatically increases or decrease the drive strength based on load current. Quiescent current of the proposed LDO also varies with load current hence current consumption is minimized under light load condition. The proposed LDO architecture is fully scalable and can be easily scaled up for higher load currents with almost no design efforts. Implemented in TSMC-65nm, it uses only 1pF of on-chip compensation capacitor and consumes a quiescent current of 11.5µA For an input of 1.2 V and output of 0.9V to 1.1V, settling time of

This work presents the machining parameters optimization on machining metal matrix composites using genetic algorithm in the Taguchi method with the objectives of minimization of surface roughness, cutting force, maximization of metal removal rate, cutting power, specific cutting energy, cutting power and machining time. Experiments were conducted on aluminium silicon carbide Metal Matrix composite using TiN coated HSS twist drills. Optimal setting of parameters have been identified using Taguchi Technique and Genetic algorithm. Genetic algorithm is developed in ‘C’ language. The presented work gives a better results and it can be used for any machining parameter optimization in solving multiple response problems.

Major, trace, and rare earth element (REE) studies have been conducted on the Proterozoic clastic rocks of the Kerur Formation of the Kaladgi-Badami Basin, South India, to determine their paleoweathering conditions and provenance characteristics. Geochemically, these sedimentary rocks are classified as quartz arenite, arkose, litharenite, and sublitharenite. The chemical index of alteration values and the A-CN-K diagram suggest that the clastics rocks in this study underwent moderate to intensive weathering. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns with light REE enrichment, flat heavy REE, and a negative Eu anomaly also attribute felsic source-rock to sedimentary rocks of the Kerur Formation. In addition, Eu/Eu* (~0.77), (La/Lu)cn (~7.65), La/Sc (~5.39), Th/Sc (~3.49 ), La/Co (~6.79), and Cr/Th (~0.31) ratios support a felsic source for these rock types. Comparing REE patterns and Eu anomalies of the source rocks reveals that the Kerur Formation clastic rocks received a major contribution of sediments from the Dharwar Craton.

E-mail is the most fundamental means of communication. It is the focus of attack by the terrorists, e-mail spammers, imposters, business fraudsters, and hackers. To combat this, different data mining classifiers are used to identify the spam mails. This paper introduces a system that imports data from the e-mail accounts and performs preprocessing techniques like file conversions that are appropriate to conduct the experiments, searching for frequency of a word by Knuth–Morris–Pratt (KMP) string searching algorithm, and feature selection using principal component analysis (PCA) are applied. Next, linear regression classification is used to predict the spam mails. Then, association rule mining is performed. The mean absolute error and root mean squared error for the training data and test data are computed. The errors of the training and test data sets are negligible which indicates the classifier is well trained. Finally, the results are displayed by the visualization techniques.

A compact and dedicated 20 Bits Binary to BCD display system is designed and developed. The unit works on the 20 bits serial data along with clock and mode. Serial data is converted into parallel f...

The paper presents the analysis of a Darlington composite transistor amplifier in the super-alpha configuration. Equations have been developed to study the variations of voltage gain, current gain, power gain input impedance with load resistance and frequency. Calculations have heen made using the IBM 1130 computer for the case of a typical transistor working under typical operating conditions. Graphs representing these variations have been presented and discussed in detail. This Darlington composite transistor amplifier is found to offer some interesting possibilities for applications at low frequencies up to 1 MHz. Simple, although approximate, empirical formulae have been suggested for making ready calculations of voltage gain and power gain in this frequency range in the useful range of load resistances up to 1 kohm in the case of 1 MHz and 10 kohms in the case of 100 kHz. The maximum voltage and power gains obtainable are about 10 with 1 MHz and 1 kohm limitation and about 100 with 100 kHz and 10 koh...