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Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) severe complication of liver cirrhosis with high mortality. Few studies have found zinc deficiency in liver cirrhosis and HE patients and found it as a precipitating factor for the development of HE. This study was done to measure the serum zinc level in patients with liver cirrhosis with HE and a correlation was obtained between serum zinc level with grades of HE. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was done on 150 patients with liver cirrhosis with HE at a tertiary care center in Jharkhand. All cases were evaluated by history taking, clinical examination, and a questionnaire and classified into different WHC grades of HE and CPC classes of cirrhosis. Routine blood investigations, imaging studies, and morning serum zinc levels were done for all patients. Results: Majority of patients with liver cirrhosis with HE had zinc deficiency. There was a statistically highly significant (P < .00001) association between low serum zinc levels and WHC grades of HE. The serum zinc levels in different classes of cirrhosis showed highly significant differences (P < .00001). The mean serum zinc level was significantly low in patients who died (35.56 ± 11.65 vs 48.36 ± 10.91, P < .0001). The study revealed a strong positive correlation (r = .88, P = .048) between serum zinc and serum albumin levels. Conclusion: Serum zinc is deficient in patients with liver cirrhosis and HE. Zinc deficiency is significantly associated with higher severity of cirrhosis and higher grades of HE. All patients with liver cirrhosis with HE and hypoalbuminemia should be evaluated for zinc deficiency.

ABSTRACT: Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) severe complication of liver cirrhosis with high mortality. Few studies have found zinc deficiency in liver cirrhosis and HE patients and found it as a precipitating factor for the development of HE. This study was done to measure the serum zinc level in patients with liver cirrhosis with HE and a correlation was obtained between serum zinc level with grades of HE. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was done on 150 patients with liver cirrhosis with HE at a tertiary care center in Jharkhand. All cases were evaluated by history taking, clinical examination, and a questionnaire and classified into different WHC grades of HE and CPC classes of cirrhosis. Routine blood investigations, imaging studies, and morning serum zinc levels were done for all patients. Results: Majority of patients with liver cirrhosis with HE had zinc deficiency. There was a statistically highly significant (P <.00001) association between low serum zinc levels and WHC grades of HE. The serum zinc levels in different classes of cirrhosis showed highly significant differences (P <.00001). The mean serum zinc level was significantly low in patients who died (35.56 ± 11.65 vs 48.36 ± 10.91, P <.0001). The study revealed a strong positive correlation (r =.88, P =.048) between serum zinc and serum albumin levels. Conclusion: Serum zinc is deficient in patients with liver cirrhosis and HE. Zinc deficiency is significantly associated with higher severity of cirrhosis and higher grades of HE. All patients with liver cirrhosis with HE and hypoalbuminemia should be evaluated for zinc deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Melasma is a commonly acquired hyperpigmentation of sun exposed areas of skin especially on face. Zinc is a trace element that is essential for numerous enzymatic processes. The objective of the study is to find serum zinc deficiency in diagnosed patients of melasma. Methods This cross sectional study was carried out at department of dermatology, Mayo hospital Lahore from July 7, 2018 till Jan 7, 2019. A total of 150 diagnosed cases of melasma were included. Samples of venous blood were taken and analysed for serum zinc levels. Zinc level was labeled low if it was below cut off value of 100ug/dL. Results Of 150 cases, 118 (78.7%) were females and 32(21.3%) were males, with mean age of patients being 29.77±5.96 years. A total of 67 (44.7%) cases had epidermal, 61 (40.7%) had dermal and 22 (14.7%) had mixed type of melasma. A total of 53 (35.3%) cases had mild, 64 (42.7%) cases had moderate and 33 (22%) cases had severe melasma. Zinc deficiency was found in 65 (43.3%) cases while 85 (56.7%) cases had normal zinc levels. Conclusion Zinc supplementation can be recommended in conventional treatment of melasma to obtain maximum outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc (Zn) participates as a cofactor for many enzymes in the cellular metabolism, and its serum levels have been associated with different metabolic diseases, especially obesity (OB). Nevertheless, its associations are not clear in the children population. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between serum Zn levels (SZn) with overweight/obesity status (OW/OB), as well as its cardiometabolic traits in a population of children in Mexico City. Anthropometrical data (body mass index z score (BMIz)), demographic variables (age and sex), and cardiometabolic traits (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), triglycerides (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and insulin) were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. SZn were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). The population included 210 children from Mexico City (girls (n = 105) and boys (n = 105)) between ages 6 and 10 years. Normal-weight (NW) schoolchildren had higher SZn concentrations (66 µg/dL; IQR: 48 to 91) compared to OW or OB schoolchildren (61 µg/dL; IQR: 45 to 76). The data showed a significant negative association between SZn and BMIz without sex exclusion (r = − 0.181 and p = 0.009). The boy's population did not show an association between the SZn and BMIz compared to the girl's population which showed a significant negative association (r = − 0.277 and p = 0.004). In addition, other associations were found between SZn and TC (boys (r = 0.214 and p = 0.025), LDLc (boys (r = 0.213 and p = 0.029), and TG (girls (r = − 0.260 and p = 0.007)). Moreover, 38.6% of the total children in our population study had Zn deficiency (ZnD). NW schoolchildren had higher SZn concentrations compared to OW or OB schoolchildren. A diet low in Zn can be a factor to evaluate in the development of childhood OB in Mexico. However, further studies need to be performed on the children Mexican population to replicate and confirm our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is non-scarring telogenic alopecia of autoimmune etiology. Clinically, the disease is characterized by the appearance of alopecic patches or plaques of varying size and number on the scalp with peak incidence 2% in the general population, can involve any age group with higher prevalence in younger patients. Aim: The purpose of this study is to estimate serum zinc level in patient with alopecia areata comparing to age, sex match healthy controls. Method: A case-control study was conducted on total number of 120 subjects;60 patients with AA and 60 age- and sex matched healthy controls. Serum zinc levels were assessed in all subjects. Comparison of mean serum zinc levels was done between all patients and controls. A significantly lower serum zinc level was found in patients with AA compared with controls and the significant inverse correlations existed between serum zinc level and severity of AA.

BackgroundThis study assessed serum, dietary zinc levels, and other risk factors during the third trimester among pregnant women with and without pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH).MethodsThis case-control study was conducted in 2022, in the three main Obstetrics and Gynecology departments in Gaza Strip, Palestine. One hundred sixty pregnant women, during the third trimester, aged ≥20 years, were selected using a convenient sampling method. Data were obtained using an interview-based questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire, anthropometric measures, and biochemical tests. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.ResultsThe participants’ mean age was 30.7 ± 5.6 years. A total of 47 (58.8%) of cases and 6 (7.5%) of controls were insufficiently active; and the mean of blood pressure (mmHg) was 133.3 ± 11.9/85.11 ± 10.0 for cases and 112.8 ± 9.5/68.02 ± 7.2 for controls with significant differences between the two groups (P =

Dysregulation of zinc (Zn) homeostasis causes a shift in the Th1/Th2 balance towards a Th2 response, which may lead to a heightened inflammatory response. Asthma is associated with an exaggerated Th2 response to antigens. This study attempts to find the association of serum Zn with the status of symptom control of asthma in children and adolescents with bronchial asthma. A total of 67 asthmatic children, diagnosed as per Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2019 guidelines, were included in the study. Symptom control of asthma was assessed by Asthma Control Test (ACT) and Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) scores. Spirometry was performed on those participants who were able to perform satisfactorily. Serum Zn was analyzed using the photometric method. Participants were divided into two groups: controlled and uncontrolled groups according to ACT/C-ACT score. Mean age of the participants was 10.78 ± 3.67 years. The mean S. Zn (µg/dL) was 136.97 ± 48.37. This study found a higher mean S. Zn value in the controlled asthma group as compared to the uncontrolled group (158.06 vs 129.23, p = 0.006). At a cutoff of S. Zn (µg/dL) ≥ 126.84, it predicted controlled asthma with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 55%. No significant difference was found between the mean serum Zn levels in terms of age, sex, severity, and CRP levels. Conclusion: A significant difference was observed between the mean value of Zn and symptom control of asthma (p = 0.006) with a weak positive correlation between the two which was statistically significant (rho = 0.26, p = 0.031). However, low levels of zinc were not significantly associated with symptom control of asthma. Thus, we conclude that maintaining an adequate zinc level could help in achieving better control of asthma in pediatric populations. What is Known: • Zinc has a role in immunological response in the pathophysiology of immunological disorders such as bronchial asthma. What is New: • This study adds a significant association of serum zinc levels with symptom control of asthma in pediatric populations. • This study also gives a cut-off value of serum zinc level which predicts adequate symptom control of asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims:The aim of this study was to evaluate serum zinc (Zn) level, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level, and nutritional status in premenstrual syndrome (PMS).Methods:This cross-sectional, single-center study and case-control study enrolled university students 18 to 28 years old. Serum TAC analysis was performed via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum Zn level was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Nutritional status was assessed using the 24-hour dietary recall.Results:The study population consisted of 110 individuals (mean±Sstandart deviation age: 20.3±1.9 years), 48 subjects with PMS, and 62 subjects without PMS. Individuals with PMS had lower serum Zn levels (28.04±31.40 μmol/L vs. 11.67±6.42 μmol/L, respectively), TAC levels (1.60±0.42 mmol/L vs. 1.47±0.10 mmol/L), and higher body mass index (22.30±02.71 kg/m2 vs. 23.73±3.44 kg/m2) than individuals without PMS. Individuals with PMS had lower fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), vitamins E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, folate, and magnesium, and higher carbohydrate and sodium intake than those without PMS but the differences did not reach statistical significance. Serum TAC level, dietary antioxidant, and PUFA intake level were positively correlated (p

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate serum zinc (Zn) level, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level, and nutritional status in premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods: This cross-sectional, single-center study and case-control study enrolled university students 18 to 28 years old. Serum TAC analysis was performed via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum Zn level was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Nutritional status was assessed using the 24-hour dietary recall. Results: The study population consisted of 110 individuals (mean±Sstandart deviation age: 20.3±1.9 years), 48 subjects with PMS, and 62 subjects without PMS. Individuals with PMS had lower serum Zn levels (28.04±31.40 µmol/L vs. 11.67±6.42 µmol/L, respectively), TAC levels (1.60±0.42 mmol/L vs. 1.47±0.10 mmol/L), and higher body mass index (22.30±02.71 kg/m2 vs. 23.73±3.44 kg/m2 ) than individuals without PMS. Individuals with PMS had lower fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), vitamins E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, folate, and magnesium, and higher carbohydrate and sodium intake than those without PMS but the differences did not reach statistical significance. Serum TAC level, dietary antioxidant, and PUFA intake level were positively correlated (p<0.05), whereas serum TAC level was negatively correlated with dietary intake of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate intake (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that serum Zn and TAC levels were lower in PMS, and serum TAC levels were correlated with dietary antioxidant intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyzed the serum zinc levels of 37 patients with 40 phlegmon lesions. The mean serum zinc level was 52.1 ± 16.4 μg/dL. The serum zinc level was negatively correlated with the C‐reactive protein (CRP) level (r = −0.66) and white blood cell (WBC) count (r = −0.56). It was also positively correlated with the serum levels of albumin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit (r = 0.57, 0.50, and 0.50, respectively). Patients with serum zinc levels of <60 μg/dL had higher CRP levels and WBC counts (p < 0.005 and p < 0.05, respectively) and lower albumin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01, respectively), and were more likely to be hospitalized (p < 0.05) than those with serum zinc levels of ≥60 μg/dL. Patients with low serum zinc levels were given zinc tablets. Three of the seven patients who developed recurrent phlegmons did not develop any further lesions after taking zinc tablets for >10 months. Of the remaining patients, one only developed a minimal lesion, and another two experienced recurrence twice but did not have any further lesions for 10 and 15 months, respectively. These findings indicate that in patients with phlegmons the serum zinc level is a suitable marker of the severity of infection, and zinc supplementation reduces the risk of further recurrence in patients whose lesions relapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent studies have suggested the relationship between diet and acne, and zinc plays a role through its anti-inflammatory mechanism. This study aimed to determine the association between zinc intake and serum zinc levels with acne severity. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the difference in zinc intake and serum zinc levels with acne severity based on Indonesian Acne Expert Meeting (IAEM) criteria. Sixty patients with acne in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital were selected. The effect of zinc intake on acne severity was analyzed via unpaired T test, whereas the effect of serum zinc levels on acne severity was examined with Mann–Whitney test. Data were further evaluated using SPSS 20.0. Results: Zinc intake in all the subjects was below the Indonesian recommended daily allowance, and the mean of zinc intake and serum zinc levels in the mild acne group was higher than that of the moderate– severe acne group. The zinc intake significantly differed between the mild and moderate–severe acne groups (p < 0.01). Likewise, serum zinc levels significantly varied between mild and moderate–severe acne group (p = 0.048). Conclusion: Although this study showed a significant difference between zinc intake and serum zinc levels with the severity of acne vulgaris, further follow-up studies should be performed to assess zinc for acne vulgaris therapy.

Background Febrile seizures (FS) are the single most common type of seizures seen in children between 6 and 60 months of age. There has been a conflict about the role of zinc in FS. Aim The aim of this study was to determine whether there are any changes in serum zinc level in children with FS. Patients and methods This study included 100 infants and children aged between 6 and 60 months who were divided into two groups: group I included 50 patients with FS as a case group (study group) and group II included 50 patients with fever without seizures as a control group. Both groups were age and sex matched. Serum zinc level was estimated in all patients by colorimetric test kit. Statistical analysis Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences, version 17. P value less than 0.05 was significant. Results FS levels were significantly reduced in case group when compared with control group (76.72±10.99 vs. 133.80±33.44 μg/dl, respectively). P value was less than 0.001. Conclusion Serum zinc level was significantly reduced among children with FS compared with febrile children without seizures. Zinc deficiency can be considered as a risk factor for FS and expected to have a role in the pathogenesis of FS.

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a global health problem in children. Zinc stimulates immune responses and prevents infection. Multiple risk factors like low socioeconomic status and malnutrition are associated to be attributable to ARI. Aim of the study was to study the serum zinc levels in ARI children and its association with socioeconomic and nutritional status. Material and Methods: Serum Zinc levels in 100 hospitalized children with ARI were assessed and its association with socioeconomic and nutritional status was made out. Results: Mean serum zinc levels in 60% of ARI children were below normal. Mean serum zinc levels was 70.27 25.33 g/dL. Serum zinc levels were statistically low in ARI children of low socioeconomic status (P-value <0.04) and malnourished (P-value <0.05) children. Conclusion: Serum zinc levels in children with ARI with low socioeconomic status and malnutrition were found to be low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Free radicals has a harmful effects on the cells and tissues. It is responsible for the pathogenesis of many diseases. Antioxidants decrease the harmful effects of free radicals. Trace elements like selenium, zinc and copper are crucial for the activity of these antioxidants. The aim of this study is to determine serum zinc level in asthmatic patients during acute attacks, after inhaled corticosteroid therapy and during asymptomatic periods in order to evaluate the relation of serum zinc level to different clinical phases of asthma. Methods: The study included 46 asthmatic patients (group 1 and group 2) and 30 healthy persons as a control group (group 3) and having no personal or family history of allergy. The first group included patients presenting with acute asthmatic attacks (n = 26). This group was evaluated before the treatment and after three months of inhaled steroid therapy. The second study group included asthmatic patients who were asymptomatic (n = 20). Control group (group 3, n = 30). Serum zinc level was measured in all cases. In addition, pulmonary function tests were performed and forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were determined in all patients. Results: During the acute attacks, serum zinc level was lower than after inhaled corticosteroid therapy in group 1 with a significant difference (p

Introduction: Vitiligo is an acquired,idiopathic depigmenting skin disorder characterized by circumscribed depigmented macules and patches, which affects approximately 0.1–2% of the general population worldwide. Zinc is an essential trace element that is necessary for growth and development at all stages of life. Some studies have reported an association between serum zinc levels and vitiligo. Aims : To measure the serum zinc levels in patients with vitiligo compared to healthy subjects. Materials & Methods: 35 patients with vitiligo and 35 healthy individual, who were visited various hospitals in Karimnagar, Telangana state taken as cases and controls respectively .The two groups were matched for age and sex. Commercially available Coral kit was used to measure serum zinc levels on CPC-semi auto analyser . The statistical analysis was performed using GRAPHPAD-6 software. Results: The mean serum level of zinc in vitiligo patients and controls was 35.54 ±11.10 µg/dl, 81.29 ±11.32 µg/dl respectively. The serum zinc level in patients with vitiligo was significantly lower than in healthy controls(p =

Background and methods: We investigated the frequency of zinc deficiency in Japanese children with idiopathic short stature, and evaluated whether serum zinc levels correlated with background factors, including age and standard deviation scores (SDSs) for height and serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels. The study subjects consisted of 89 Japanese children. Results: The mean serum zinc level was 79 ± 12 (49–108) μg/dL. Of all the children, 48.3% had a low zinc level, in the 60–80 μg/dL range, and 6.7% had zinc deficiency with a zinc level below 60 μg/dL. The majority with a low zinc level and zinc deficiency were asymptomatic other than for short stature. We found no significant correlations of serum zinc with age, or the SDSs for height and serum IGF-1 levels, in either the entire subject population or those with a zinc level below 80 μg/dL. Conclusions: We found a low zinc level to be common in Japanese children with idiopathic short stature, whereas actual zinc deficiency was rare. However, other as yet unknown mechanisms not associated with the growth hormone (GH)-IGF-1 axis could be involved in growth retardation in idiopathic short stature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease with a chronic relapsed-remitting course with manifestations started at early childhood. AD is two types; extrinsic and intrinsic. Zinc has a crucial role in the immune system functions and antioxidant mechanisms, it also serves in the metabolism and cell growth through signaling several enzymes. Objective To assess serum zinc level in patients with childhood AD. Methods A case-controlled study was conducted in Dermatology outpatient’s clinic in Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City, from the period of September 2016-June 2017. Twenty patients with AD were enrolled in this study. AD severity was graded using the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis Index (SCORAD). The control group consisted of age-matched and sex-matched twenty healthy children were taken with weight above 80%. Fasting blood samples were taken from patients and controls between 8 AM and 10 AM. Results Of the twenty patients of AD, 13 (65%) were males and 7 (35%) were females. Their mean age was 4.58±3.13. Regarding the control group 9 (45%) were males and 11 (55%) were females, their mean age was 4.29±2.46. No statistical difference in serum zinc level between AD patients and control groups. Concerning zinc level in males and females, no statistical differences was found in AD patients, but highly significant difference was found in control group. Serum zinc level was highly significantly low in patients with moderate AD than in those with mild AD. There was negative correlation between serum zinc level and severity of AD. Conclusion There is a negative correlation between serum zinc level and severity of AD, also there is a gender variation in serum zinc level in normal children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Suboptimal zinc intake may depress thymus function, lymphoproliferation, and T cell-dependent B-cell proliferation, which can impair antibody production. Zinc supplementation can improve immune function and reduce morbidity. Objective To assess the effect of zinc supplementation on infants' anti-HBs titer after hepatitis B vaccination. Methods A double-blind randomized control trial of 66 healthy infants in Pustu Dauh Puri, Denpasar Barat was conducted. Subjects were followed from birth to three months of age and were placed into two treatment groups using block randomization. One group received zinc supplements with a standard hepatitis B vaccination (zinc group, n=33) and the other group received placebo supplements with standard hepatitis B vaccination (placebo group, n=33). The serum zinc levels were measured at baseline and at three months. The difference in levels of anti-HBs titer between the zinc and placebo groups was the primary endpoint of this study. Results The serum zinc levels were significantly higher in the zinc group compared to the placebo group (P = 0.017), with a mean difference of 18.76 miU/ml (95% CI 3.45 to 34.07). Regardless of baseline serum zinc levels, the mean anti-HBs titers were significantly higher in the zinc group compared to the placebo group (P

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent chronic autoimmune diseases; it typically involves the hands, wrists, ankles, and eventually all joints. Some studies have reported that zinc serum levels are lower in patients with RA than in healthy individuals.Materials and Methods: Seventy-nine patients with RAwere selected. The patients were all less than 75 years old and were diagnosed by a rheumatologist. Serum zinc levels were measured using the flame photometry method with a blood sample of 5 mL. The relationship between the average serum zinc level and disease activity was analyzed based on the DAS28 scoring scale for different RA groups. The significance threshold was set at p<0.05. Data analyses were implemented in SPSS 22.0.Results: There was a significant inverse relationship between the serum zinc levels and disease activity. Chi-square tests were used to compare zinc serum levels with respect to disease activity. There were significant differences in zinc levels among three groups of patients with different levels of disease severity, such that disease activity increased as the serum zinc level decreased (p<0.001).Conclusion: There was a significant inverse relationship between the serum zinc level and RA activity based on the DAS28 score. Therefore, it is recommended that mineral deficiencies should be addressed by optimizing the zinc supply along with other standard medications in order to reduce RA activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine-metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive age characterized by multiple hormonal imbalances, reflecting on a clinical presentation dominated by manifestations of hyperandrogenism, which generate short and long term consequences on female health. Skin is a major target for androgen activity, several hyperandrogenemia-triggered dermatologic alterations can be seen in PCOS, most commonly hirsutism, androgenic alopecia, acne, seborrhea, onycholysis, and onychorrhexis. Zinc is one of the most important trace elements required as a catalytic, structural, and regulatory ion for the activities of more than 300 enzymes, proteins, and transcriptional factors. Zinc insufficiency in the female can lead to complications such as impaired synthesis/secretion of follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), abnormal ovarian development. Objective: To assess serum zinc level in patients with PCOS. Methods: A case-controlled study was conducted in Al-Imamein Al-Kadhemein Medical City from the period of March to June 2016. Eighty females were enrolled in this study; their age ranged from 20 to 32 years. They were divided into 4 groups: Group I: Twenty patients with PCOS with body mass index (BMI) ranged from 30.0-40.0. Group II: Twenty normal healthy control obese ladies with BMI ranged from 30.0-40.0. Group III: Twenty patients with polycystic ovary syndrome with BMI ranged from 18.5-29.9. Group IV: Twenty females as a healthy control non-obese ladies with BMI ranged from 18.5-29.9. Results: Serum zinc level was significantly decreased in obese PCO group than in non-obese PCO group. Serum prolactin (PRL) level and LH levels were elevated in PCO group which was highly significant. There was negative correlation between serum zinc level and BMI in PCO patients. Also, negative correlation was observed between serum zinc level and serum PRL level in non-obese PCO patients. Conclusion: Serum zinc level reduced in obese PCOS than in non-obese PCO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]