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Background: Delayed graft function (DGF) after kidney transplantation is associated with adverse patients and allograft outcomes. A longer duration of DGF is predictive of worse graft outcomes compared to a shorter duration. Posttransplant serum β2‐microglobulin (B2M) is associated with long‐term graft outcomes, but its relationship with DGF recovery is unknown. Methods: We included all kidney‐only transplant recipients with DGF enrolled in the E‐DGF trial. Duration of DGF was defined as the interval between the transplant and the last dialysis session. We analyzed the association of standardized serum creatinine (Scr) and B2M on postoperative Days (POD) 1–7 during the subsequent days of DGF with the recovery of DGF. Results: A total of 97 recipients with DGF were included. The mean duration of DGF was 11.0 ± 11.2 days. Higher Scr was not associated with the duration of DGF in unadjusted or adjusted models. Higher standardized B2M, in contrast, was associated with a prolonged duration of DGF. This association remained in models adjusting for baseline characteristics from POD 2 (3.19 days longer, 95% CI: 0.46–5.93; p = 0.02) through Day 6 of DGF (4.97 days longer, 95% CI: 0.75–9.20; p = 0.02). There was minimal change in mean Scr (0.01 ± 0. 10 mg/dL per day; p = 0.32), while B2M significantly decreased as the time to recovery approached (–0.14 ± 0.05 mg/L per day; p = 0.006), among recipients with DGF. Conclusion: B2M is more strongly associated with DGF recovery than Scr. Posttransplant B2M may be an important biomarker to monitor during DGF. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT 03864926 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Due to the lack of effective and feasible viral biomarkers to distinguish viral infection from bacterial infection, children often receive unnecessary antibiotic treatment. To identify serum β2-microglobulin that distinguishes bacterial upper respiratory tract infection from viral upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum in children. Methods This retrospective study was conducted from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020 in Yancheng Third People’s Hospital. Children with upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum were recruited. The concentration of serum β2-microglobulin in the viral and bacterial infection groups were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 291 children included 36 with bacterial upper respiratory tract infection (median age, 13 months; 44.4% female), 197 with viral upper respiratory tract infection (median age, 12 months; 43.7% female) and 58 with exanthem subitum (median age, 13 months; 37.9% female). When the concentration of β2-microglobulin was 2.4mg/L, the sensitivity to distinguish viral from bacterial upper respiratory tract infection was 81.2% (95% CI [75.1–86.4%]), and the specificity was 80.6% (95% CI [64.0–91.8]%). When the cutoff was 2.91 mg/L, the sensitivity of β2-microglobulin to distinguish exanthem subitum from bacterial upper respiratory tract infection was 94.8% (95% CI [85.6–98.9]%), and the specificity was 100% (95% CI [90.3–100]%). Conclusions Serum β2-microglobulin may be a significant biological indicator in children with upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum.

Background Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is one of the leading cause of death in children under 5 years old around the world between 1980 and 2016. Distinguishing between viral and bacterial infection is challenging when children suffered from LRTI in the absence of pathogen detection. The aim of our study is to analyze the difference of serum β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) between viral LRTI and bacterial LRTI in children. Methods This retrospective study included children with LRTI caused by a single pathogen from Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Yancheng, China, between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019. Participants were divided into the younger group (1 year old ≤ age < 3 years old) and the older group (3 years old ≤ age < 5 years old) for subgroup analysis. Results A total of 475 children with LRTI caused by common respiratory pathogens were identified. In the younger group as well as the older group, the serum level of β2-MG in respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus and influenza B virus groups were significantly increased compared to that in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae group. Compared with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection group, the serum β2-MG level of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus and influenza B virus groups were significantly higher in children between 1 and 3 years old. Conclusions The serum β2-MG may distinguish viral infection from bacterial infection in children with LRTI.

Objective: To explore the detection effect and accuracy of scattering immunoassay and fluorescence immunochromatography for detection of serum β2-microglobulin. Methods: 88 patients with liver and kidney function injury admitted to our hospital from October 2016 to August 2017 were selected in this study. And the level of serum β2-microglobulin was detected by scattering immunoassay and fluorescence immunochromatography, respectively. The detection results, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of serum mirncroglobulin were compared between the two methods Results: The detection rate by fluorescence immunochromatography was significantly higher than that of scattering immunoassay, while the missed detection rate was significantly lower than that of the scattering immune method (P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic coincidence rate of fluorescence immunotomography were significantly higher than those of scattering immunotomography (P<0.05). The levels of serum β2-microglobulin, creatinine, uric acid and urea of these patients were significantly higher than normal (P<0.05). In terms of accuracy, the accuracy of fluorescence immunochromatography between and within batches was significantly higher than that of scattering immunoassay (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of fluorescence immunochromatography for detection of serum β2-microglobulin in patients has a higher detection coincidence rate, sensitivity and accuracy, which can meet the requirements of clinical detection process, and is beneficial to the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Therefore, fluorescence immunochromatography should be further popularized in clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β2-Microglobulin is the major prognostic factor in multiple myeloma, a known comorbidity of Gaucher disease. We evaluated herein serum β2-microglobulin levels of 31 type 1 Gaucher patients; for 8/31 patients, pre- and post-treatment comparisons were made. Thirteen patients (on treatment = 6) had high levels of β2-microglobulin, and showed higher chitotriosidase activity and Severity Score Index, and lower concentration of platelets, than patients with normal levels. Levels of β2-microglobulin correlated with chitotriosidase activity (ρ = 0.65; p

Serum levels and 24-hour urinary excretion of β2-Microglobulin (β2-M) was investigated in a group of 101 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), without any other signs of renal disease in past or present, andin a comparable control group. Elevated 24-hour urinary β2-M excretion, due to renal proximal tubules dysfunction, was observed in 19% of the patients and not in the control group. There was a significant correlation with clinical signs of extra-articular RA. It is postulated that the observed increase may be an early symptom of renal involvement in RA. Elevated serum β2 levels, corrected for glomerular filtration rate, were observed in 44% of the RA patients and only in 3% of the control group and correlated with clinical signs of a more severe RA, as well as with increased 24-hour urinary β2-M excretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to the lack of effective and feasible viral biomarkers to distinguish viral infection from bacterial infection, children often receive unnecessary antibiotic treatment. To identify serum β 2-microglobulin that distinguishes bacterial upper respiratory tract infection from viral upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum in children., Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020 in Yancheng Third People's Hospital. Children with upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum were recruited. The concentration of serum β 2-microglobulin in the viral and bacterial infection groups were statistically analyzed., Results: A total of 291 children included 36 with bacterial upper respiratory tract infection (median age, 13 months; 44.4% female), 197 with viral upper respiratory tract infection (median age, 12 months; 43.7% female) and 58 with exanthem subitum (median age, 13 months; 37.9% female). When the concentration of β 2-microglobulin was 2.4mg/L, the sensitivity to distinguish viral from bacterial upper respiratory tract infection was 81.2% (95% CI [75.1-86.4%]), and the specificity was 80.6% (95% CI [64.0-91.8]%). When the cutoff was 2.91 mg/L, the sensitivity of β 2-microglobulin to distinguish exanthem subitum from bacterial upper respiratory tract infection was 94.8% (95% CI [85.6-98.9]%), and the specificity was 100% (95% CI [90.3-100]%)., Conclusions: Serum β 2-microglobulin may be a significant biological indicator in children with upper respiratory tract infection and exanthem subitum., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2021 Cai et al.)

Background: Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is one of the leading cause of death in children under 5 years old around the world between 1980 and 2016. Distinguishing between viral and bacterial infection is challenging when children suffered from LRTI in the absence of pathogen detection. The aim of our study is to analyze the difference of serum β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) between viral LRTI and bacterial LRTI in children., Methods: This retrospective study included children with LRTI caused by a single pathogen from Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China, between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019. Participants were divided into the younger group (1 year old ≤ age < 3 years old) and the older group (3 years old ≤ age < 5 years old) for subgroup analysis., Results: A total of 475 children with LRTI caused by common respiratory pathogens were identified. In the younger group as well as the older group, the serum level of β2-MG in respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus and influenza B virus groups were significantly increased compared to that in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae group. Compared with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection group, the serum β2-MG level of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus and influenza B virus groups were significantly higher in children between 1 and 3 years old., Conclusions: The serum β2-MG may distinguish viral infection from bacterial infection in children with LRTI., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2020 Cai et al.)

β 2 -Microglobulin is the major prognostic factor in multiple myeloma, a known comorbidity of Gaucher disease. We evaluated herein serum β 2 -microglobulin levels of 31 type 1 Gaucher patients; for 8/31 patients, pre- and post-treatment comparisons were made. Thirteen patients (on treatment = 6) had high levels of β 2 -microglobulin, and showed higher chitotriosidase activity and Severity Score Index, and lower concentration of platelets, than patients with normal levels. Levels of β 2 -microglobulin correlated with chitotriosidase activity (ρ = 0.65; p  < 0.01), platelets (ρ = - 0.42; p  = 0.02) and α1- (ρ = 0.43; p  = 0.02) and α2-protein bands (ρ = - 0.40; p  = 0.03). Regarding pre- and post-treatment values, median β 2 -microglobulin levels decreased after treatment (pre- = 2931 ng/mL; post- = 1970 ng/mL; p  < 0.01). Our data suggest that levels of serum β 2 -microglobulin are frequently elevated in type 1 Gaucher patients, correlate with severity of the disease and decrease after treatment.