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The protean notion of “development” constitutes the main framework through which the performance, structure and aspirations of the African continent are usually expressed in Western discourse. This ambitious book, authored by two distinguished historians of East Africa, presents a wide-ranging exploration of the colonial roots of development, and its postcolonial legacies. Rather than taking the form of a conceptual history, or a self-contained intellectual history, the book presents a critic...

Joan Robinson's infatuation with Mao's China remains the most controversial episode of the Cambridge economist's life. Drawing on the literatures on observation in science and economics, and economists' travels, we aim at overcoming the dichotomy between Robinson as a 'political pilgrim' and as a 'development economist'. Instead, we take a closer look at her observation practices, her literary choices, and her position within different political and intellectual communities. The structure of the paper is quasi-chronological: each trip to China is described in its own right, but also treated as an entry point to shed light on a particular aspect of Robinson's engagement with the country.

In order to achieve an agroecological transformation of the proximity conventional food systems such as green belts next to cities, particularly in its technological dimension, an active and synergic interaction between science researchers, rural extensionists and farmers as well as government institutions is needed. Using the “Participatory Action Research” as methodology and the complex system perspective, emerged a multi-actoral process in order to promote sustainable agriculture, environmentally healthier and socially accepted in Cordoba’s peri-urban green belt (Cordoba Province, Argentina). The “Interinstitutional team to support the ecological intensification of food production” emphasized its actions through a “learning by doing” practice, recognizing the relevance of tacit, scientific and situational knowledge, co-constructed between all involved actors throughout the process. In the present work we developed a brief analysis about the current technological and productive reality in the periurban horticultural system at the green belt of Cordoba city, with an interdisciplinary and systemic point of view in order to develop possible solutions to achieve an agroecological transition. La transformación de los sistemas hortícolas periurbanos convencionales hacia un modelo agroecológico con mayor sustentabilidad socioambiental requiere de una articulación sinérgica de saberes, experiencias y recursos de los actores institucionales de investigación, extensión rural y los productores. Con el objeto de contribuir a mejorar la sustentabilidad productiva, ambiental y social del Cinturón Verde de la Ciudad de Córdoba (cvc) (Córdoba, Argentina), se inició un proceso que involucra actividades de investigación participativa, desarrollo tecnológico y extensión rural, para promover la transición hacia prácticas agroecológicas en productores hortícolas familiares de áreas periurbanas. A transformação dos sistemas hortícolas periurbanos convencionais para um modelo agroecológico, com maior sustentabilidade socioambiental, requer uma articulação sinérgica de saberes, experiências e recursos dos autores das instituições de investigação, extensão e os produtores rurais. A fim de contribuir para a melhoria da sustentabilidade produtiva, ambiental e social do Cinturão Verde da Cidade de Córdoba (cvc), Estado de Córdoba, Argentina, iniciou-se um processo, que envolve atividades participativas de pesquisa, desenvolvimento tecnológico e extensão rural, para promover a transição do sistema agrícola convencional para práticas agroecológicas, envolvendo produtores da agricultura familiar em áreas periurbanas. Sob uma abordagem sistêmica, a «Equipe interinstitucional para apoiar a Intensificação ecológica da produção de alimentos de proximidade" concentra suas ações no "aprender fazendo" por meio da metodologia de Pesquisa Participativa de Ação (iap), construindo redes, atribuindo importância ao conhecimento tácito, científico, experimental e localizado, co-construído entre todos Atores. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Fil: Catullo, J.C. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigaciones Agrpecuarias; Argentina Fil: Argüello Caro, E.B. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Narmona, L. Fundación ArgenINTA. Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Muñoz, N. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina Fil: Silbert, V. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro Regional Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Yosviak, M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropuecuaria Manfredi . Agencia de Extensión Rural Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Scifo, A. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería de la Nación Argentina. Subsecretaria de Agricultura Familiar. Coordinacion y Desarrollo Territorial (SAFCyDT); Argentina Fil: Prado, A. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería de la Nación Argentina. Subsecretaria de Agricultura Familiar. Coordinacion y Desarrollo Territorial (SAFCyDT); Argentina Fil: Pietrarelli, L. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina Fil: Videla, M. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV); Argentina Fil: Serra, G. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina Fil: Gaona Flores, M.A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuarias (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina Fil: Viale, V. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuarias ( INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina

Diatraea saccharalis es una plaga clave del cultivo de maíz en la región pampeana argentina. Los umbrales económicos que se utilizan no están basados en un cálculo actual del nivel de daño económico. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: caracterizar la relación existente entre presión de infestación de D. saccharalis y rendimiento del cultivo de maíz, y calcular niveles de daño económico en distintas situaciones de desarrollo del cultivo. Se realizó un ensayo con el híbrido DK696 con riego e infestación natural siguiendo un diseño experimental de parcelas divididas con cinco fechas de siembra y distintas ventanas de protección al cultivo. El rendimiento mostró una relación lineal con la intensidad de daño medida como número de entre nudos barrenados por larvas grandes. La actividad de las larvas se concentró en el estrato medio e inferior de la planta, independientemente de la fecha de siembra y del estado fenológico en que comenzó el ataque. El daño en el tercio medio de las plantas mostró la mayor influencia en la determinación del rendimiento, seguido por el estrato inferior, mientras que daños en el estrato superior no afectaron el rendimiento. Se proponen niveles de daño económico para distintos escenarios de desarrollo del cultivo. Diatraea saccharalis is a key pest of corn cultivation in the Pampas region of Argentina. The economic thresholds used are nominal and are not based on the current calculation of the economic injury level. The goals of this work were: to characterize the relationship between the infestation pressure of D. saccharalisand the yield of the corn crop and to calculate economic injury levels in different situations of crop development. A test was carried out with the hybrid DK696 with natural irrigation and infestation, following a split plot experimental design with five sowing dates and different crop protection windows.The yield showed a linear relationship with the intensity of injury caused by D. saccharalis and this response was independent of the sowing date. Injury caused to the middle third of the plants showed the greatest influence in the determination of yield, followed by the lower stratum, while damage to the upper stratum did not show a relationship with yield. Economic injury levels are proposed for different price scenarios. EEA Manfredi Fil: Serra, G. V. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina Fil: Trumper, E. V. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Área Agronomía; Argentina

This article reconstructs the trajectory of the Kwame Nkrumah Ideological Institute (KNII) to shed light on the politics of socialist education in 1960s Ghana. On the basis of archival evidence, it explores the changing role of the institute in the making of Nkrumahism as public discourse and documents the evolving relationship between the universalism of Marxism-Leninism and the quest for more local political iconographies centred on Nkrumah's life and work. Secondly, the article analyses the individual motivations and experiences of a sample of foreign lecturers. The article suggests that ideological institutes offer insights into the processes by which official ideologies were created and disseminated, a foil through which to interrogate the usages and appropriation of social sciences education, and a window onto the multiple ways in which local and foreign agents negotiated their identities and political participation in African socialist experiments.

Se estudió experimentalmente el efecto de la competencia por alimento era la fase larval de Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus y su efecto sobre el estado adulto, bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Cohortes con diferente densidad inicial de larvas de primer estadio (desde 50 a 4000 individuos por gramo de comida) fueron estudiadas hasta la emergencia de adultos, incluyendo la postura de huevos. El número de individuos en las cohortes fue contado cada dos días, hasta que todos los adultos emergieron. Las hembras adultas fueron alimentadas cada cuatro días. Los adultos sobrevivientes y los huevos puestos fueron contados diariamente. La proporción de hembras adultas, el peso de adultos y la fertilidad de hembras disminuyeron a medida que la densidad larval aumentó. La longevidad de adultos y la fecundidad de hembras no mostró un cambio densodependiente. El tiempo generacional se incrementó y la tasa intrínseca de crecimiento natural y la tasa neta de incremento mostraron una relación negativa con la densidad larval. Food competition in the larval phase of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and its effect on the adult stage was experimentally studied under laboratory conditions. Cohorts with different densities of initial first instar larvae (from 50 to 4000 individuals per g of food) were followed until adult emergence, including egg laying. The number of individuals in the cohorts were counted every two days, until all adults emerged. Adult females were fed every four days. Surviving adults and eggs laid were counted daily. The proportion of adult females, adult weight, and female fertility decreased as larval density increased. Adult longevity and female fecundity did not show a density dependent change. The generation time increased and the realized rate of natural increase and net rate of increase showed a negative relationship with larval density.