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Dervish lodges served diverse functions at every stage of the Ottoman Empire. During the foundation of the Ottoman State, they had solid military aspects. In the following periods, lodges with vital educational elements started to appear. This situation made them the most widespread and networked institutions of the Ottoman Empire. For this reason, evaluating the lodges with their social aspects and positions is essential. This study examines the Mustafa Pasha Lodge founded by a member of the Naqshbandiyya order, was founded by Köse/Bahir Mustafa Pasha in 1753 and was an essential place among the Istanbul lodges. Later on, the lodge was revived by Meşrepzâde Mehmed Ârif Efendi and his family in 1849. The study offers maps prepared by digital methods (ArcGIS) grounded on the information in archival sources and foundation charters. It, thus, analyzes the lodge comparatively in terms of its location, population, income and services. It aims to contribute novel perspectives to the field by looking at the Mustafa Pasha Lodge via different methods and approaches.

The study was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the "Nurses' Occupational Stressor Scale," which was developed to determine the occupational stressors that nurses experience during work."Nurses' Introductory Form" and "Nurses' Occupational Stressor Scale" were used to collect the research data.The factor loading values of the scale items varied between 0.351 and 0.670. X"Nurses' Occupational Stressor Scale" is a valid and reliable scale. Using this scale, stressors in nurses' work environment can be measured, and while intervention is applied, the effectiveness of such intervention can be evaluated.

The effects of many intravenous drugs, which are used for sedation anesthesia, on free radicals are well known. Two of these drugs are propofol and dexmedetomidine. This study was designed to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol on the oxidant and antioxidant systems. Subjects were divided into two groups. Propofol were given to the first group (n=19) and dexmedetomidine to the second group (n=13) for sedation. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded and serum ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), creatinine, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), MDA (malondialdehyde), catalase and GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) were measured before and 2 hours and 2 days after the drug administration. When propofol and dexmedetomidine groups were compared in terms of blood pressure, heart rate, serum AST, ALT, BUN and creatinin values no statistically significant difference was detected. In propofol group MDA values decreased significantly (p

Several recent studies have revealed a wide role for nitric oxide (NO) in bone metabolism. Low doses of NO cause bone resorption, but higher doses of NO inhibit bone resorbing activity. Cytokines are potent stimulators of NO production. NO is a very short-lived molecules. It exists for only 6–10 s only before it is converted by oxygen and water into the end-products nitrates and nitrites. Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease, characterized by a decreased amount of bone and increased susceptibility to fracture. NO may be involved as a mediator of bone disease such as post-menopausal osteoporosis. Calcitonin is a peptide hormone that inhibits bone resorption. The function of calcitonin in some cells is often unclear. In this study 30 post-menopausal osteoporotic women of ages ranging between 55 and 59 years without systemic diseases and free of any drug therapy were included. Twenty of them, randomly chosen, were treated with calcium (500 mg day−1)+calcitonin (nasal spray 100 U day−1) and the other 10 women (control group) were treated with calcium only. This treatment was applied for 6 months and NO values were measured in each of the two groups before and after treatment. Our findings demonstrate that NO regulates osteoclastic bone resorption activity in association with calcitonin. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.