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Aim: The objective of this study was to analyze the antitumor effect of BisBAL NP in a mouse melanoma model. Material and Methods: The antitumor activity of BisBAL NP on murine B16-F10 melanoma cells was determined both in vitro (PrestoBlue cell viability assay and Live/Dead fluorescence) and in vivo, in a mouse model, with the following 15-day treatments: BisBAL NP, negative control (PBS), and cell-death control (docetaxel; DTX). Mouse survival and weight, as well as the tumor volume, were recorded daily during the in vivo study. Results: BisBAL NP were homogeneous in size (mean diameter, 14.7 nm) and bismuth content. In vitro, 0.1 mg/mL BisBAL NP inhibited B16-F10 cell growth stronger (88%) than 0.1 mg/mL DTX (82%) (*p Conclusion: BisBAL NP decreased the tumor growing in a mouse melanoma model without secondary effects, constituting an innovative low-cost alternative to treat melanoma.

Introduction: Autologous platelet concentrates, have recently emerged as a possible tool to improve regenerative procedures in the medical field. Objective: To analyze the literature on autologous platelet concentrates in regenerative endodontics, such as: Platelet Rich Plasma, Platelet Rich Fibrin, PRP/PRF Vs Blood Clot as a scaffold in regenerative endodontics. Methodology: Using the keywords Regenerative Endodontic Treatment, Autologous Platelet Concentrates, Immature Teeth, Platelet-rich Fibrin, Platelet-rich Plasma, Revitalization Endodontics, the MEDLINE/PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched, with emphasis on the last 5 years. It was evaluated with the PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 guidelines. Results: Platelet-rich plasma releases growth factors during the first hours after placement and induction of mesenchymal stem cells. Platelet Rich Fibrin is a second-generation platelet concentrate that releases growth factors more slowly, forming a network that traps leukocytes and platelets, liquid platelet rich fibrin has a higher concentration of leukocytes, which enhances immune defense in LPS-induced inflammation. Compared to blood clot, PRP and PRF show improved healing results, reducing infection and inflammation. Conclusion: The use of autologous platelet concentrates presents a more controlled scaffold in regenerative endodontics, with successful results, such as periapical healing, root thickening and apical closure.

Introduction: During the last decades, there was a great interest in the development of bioactive dental material with the ability to interact and induce dental tissues. Biodentine is a calcium silicate-based cement that has beneficial effects on pulp cells and promotes the formation of tertiary dentin. Aim: To analyze the literature on biodentine, as well as its antimicrobial activity, its setting capacity, its clinical applications and its biological properties. Methodology: Using the keywords biodentine, root canal sealing materials, epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment, the MEDLINE/PubMed and Science Direct databases were searched, with emphasis on the last 5 years. It was evaluated with the PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 guidelines. Results: The antimicrobial activity of Biodentine has been greater against strains such as Streptococcus sanguis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Biodentine has benefits such as excellent sealability, biocompatibility, good dimensional stability with the advantage of a setting time of 12 to 13 minutes, less than MTA. Materials used in the vital pulp method must have biocompatibility and bioactivity to promote pulp cell activity. Biodentine induces the differentiation of pulp cells into odontoblast-like cells, formation of mineralized tissue and restorative dentin. Conclusion: The composition and its applications have shown sufficient basis to perform an adequate antimicrobial activity, as well as its setting time improved to 12 minutes. Vital pulp therapy is one of the main uses of this material as it is a widely accepted material for dentin tissues due to its high biological compatibility.

The objective of this work was to analyze the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs) incorporated into chitosan-based membranes. Chitosan-based membranes were homogeneously embedded with BisBAL NPs, confirming the bismuth presence by scanning electron microscopy. The tensile strength of chitosan-based membrane alone or with BisBAL NPs showed similar results as elongation, suggesting that BisBAL NP addition did not affect membrane mechanical properties. Chitosan-based membranes complemented with 100 µM of BisBAL NPs caused a complete inhibition of biofilm formation and a 90-98% growth inhibition of six different oral pathogens. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that 80% of human gingival fibroblasts were viable after a 24-h exposure to the chitosan-based membrane with 100 µM of BisBAL NPs and collagen. Altogether, we conclude that the biological properties of chitosan-based membranes supplemented with BisBAL NPs could be a very interesting option for tissue regeneration.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the combination of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and a novel electrolyzed superoxidized solution at neutral pH, known as OxOral® on Enterococcus faecalis growth in root canals. Methods Sixty human teeth were used, from which root canals were infected and randomly divided into the following treatment groups: saline solution, saline solution plus Ca(OH)2, OxOral®, and OxOral® plus Ca(OH)2. Results A permanent reduction in bacterial growth was observed at days 1, 6, 12, and 18 after OxOral® plus Ca(OH)2 treatment from 4.4 ± 0.074 log10 CFU/mL to 0.0 ± 0.001 log10 CFU/mL. In addition, alkaline conditions maintenance was observed from application time (pH = 12.2 ± 0.033) to 18 d posttreatment (pH = 12.6 ± 0.083). Conclusion The combination of OxOral® and Ca(OH)2 provides an alkaline pH and inhibits E. faecalis growth into the root canals. Our study opens the possibility for further research on the use of OxOral® in endodontic therapy.

Objective. To evaluate the effect of the combination of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and a novel electrolyzed superoxidized solution at neutral pH, known as OxOral® on Enterococcus faecalis growth in root canals. Methods. Sixty human teeth were used, from which root canals were infected and randomly divided into the following treatment groups: saline solution, saline solution plus Ca(OH)2, OxOral®, and OxOral® plus Ca(OH)2. Results. A permanent reduction in bacterial growth was observed at days 1, 6, 12, and 18 after OxOral® plus Ca(OH)2 treatment from 4.4 ± 0.074 log 10 CFU / mL to 0.0 ± 0.001 log 10 CFU / mL . In addition, alkaline conditions maintenance was observed from application time ( pH = 12.2 ± 0.033 ) to 18 d posttreatment ( pH = 12.6 ± 0.083 ). Conclusion. The combination of OxOral® and Ca(OH)2 provides an alkaline pH and inhibits E. faecalis growth into the root canals. Our study opens the possibility for further research on the use of OxOral® in endodontic therapy.

Rene Hernandez-Delgadillo,1 Claudia María García-Cuéllar,2 Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez,2 Nayely Pineda-Aguilar,3 Marco Antonio Martínez-Martínez,1 Eyra Elvyra Rangel-Padilla,1 Sergio Eduardo Nakagoshi-Cepeda,1 Juan Manuel Solís-Soto,1 Rosa Isela Sánchez-Nájera,1 María Argelia Akemi Nakagoshi-Cepeda,1 Shankararaman Chellam,4 Claudio Cabral-Romero1 1Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Odontología, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México; 2Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, CDMX, México; 3Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV), Unidad Monterrey, Nuevo León, México; 4Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antitumor activity of lipophilic bismuth nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs) on breast cancer cells.Materials and methods: The effect of varying concentrations of BisBAL NPs was evaluated on human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and on MCF-10A fibrocystic mammary epitheliocytes as noncancer control cells. Cell viability was evaluated with the MTT assay, plasma membrane integrity was analyzed with the calcein AM assay, genotoxicity with the comet assay, and apoptosis with the Annexin V/7-AAD assay.Results: BisBAL NPs were spherical in shape (average diameter, 28 nm) and agglomerated into dense electronic clusters. BisBAL NP induced a dose-dependent growth inhibition. Most importantly, growth inhibition was higher for MCF-7 cells than for MCF-10A cells. At 1 µM BisBAL NP, MCF-7 growth inhibition was 51%, while it was 11% for MCF-10A; at 25 µM BisBAL NP, the growth inhibition was 81% for MCF-7 and 24% for MCF-10A. With respect to mechanisms of action, a 24-hour exposure of 10 and 100 µM BisBAL NP caused loss of cell membrane integrity and fragmentation of tumor cell DNA. BisBAL NPs at 10 µM were genotoxic to and caused apoptosis of breast cancer cells.Conclusion: BisBAL NP-induced growth inhibition is dose dependent, and breast cancer cells are more vulnerable than noncancer breast cells. The mechanism of action of BisBAL NPs may include loss of plasma membrane integrity and a genotoxic effect on the genomic DNA of breast cancer cells. Keywords: antitumor activity, bismuth nanoparticles, breast cancer, chemotherapy, cytotoxicity

The objective of this study was to analyze the antitumor activity of a hydrogel loaded with lipophilic bismuth nanoparticles on human cervical, prostate, and colon cancer cell lines. The effect of lipophilic bismuth nanoparticles on the viability of cancer cell lines (HeLa, DU145, and HCT-116) and non-cancer lung fibroblasts (HLF; LL 47[MaDo]) was determined with the MTT cell viability assay and compared with known antineoplastic drugs. The biocompatibility at an organismal level was verified in a murine model by histological examination. A lipophilic bismuth nanoparticle hydrogel at 50 µM time-dependently inhibited the growth of the three cancer cell lines, in a time-dependent way. A 1-hour exposure to 250 µM lipophilic bismuth nanoparticle hydrogel, inhibited the growth of the three cancer cell lines. The in-vitro efficacy of lipophilic bismuth nanoparticle was similar to the one of docetaxel and cisplatin, but without inhibiting the growth of non-cancer control cells. Histology confirmed the biocompatibility of lipophilic bismuth nanoparticles as there were no signs of cytotoxicity or tissue damage in any of the evaluated organs (kidney, liver, brain, cerebellum, heart, and jejunum). In conclusion, a lipophilic bismuth nanoparticle hydrogel is an innovative, low-cost alternative for the topical treatment of cervicouterine, prostate, and colon human cancers.

The objective of this study was to compare the antitumor activity of lipophilic bismuth nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs) and chlorhexidine (CHX) on human squamous cell carcinoma. BisBAL NPs were synthesized by colloidal method and characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (EDS-SEM). The effect of BisBAL NPs and CHX on oral cancer cell line (CAL-27) and nontumor control cell human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was determined by MTT cell viability assay. The obtained results showed selective inhibition of CAL-27 cell growth by BisBAL nanoclusters. A 24 h exposition to 25 μM BisBAL NP decreased 91% of CAL-27 cell growth, while nontumor HGFs cells were unaffected by BisBAL NPs showing 90% of cell viability. In contrast, CHX kills both CAL-27 and HGFs with the same efficacy. 25 μM of CHX decreased 97% and 80% of tumor and nontumoral cell growth. BisBAL NP and CHX alter cell permeability suggesting that action mechanism may include loss of cell membrane integrity. Also, CHX and not BisBAL NP presented genotoxicity on genomic DNA of tumor cells. As conclusion, BisBAL NPs have a selective antitumor activity on human squamous cell carcinoma, unlike CHX which was cytotoxic for both tumoral and nontumoral control cells.

Background:Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are widely used in dentistry because of their remineralizing and cariostatic potential induced by fluoride. In vitro studies have reported cell toxicity triggered by GICs; however, the influence of hydroxyapatite (HAp) must be considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HAp in decreasing the cytotoxicity of the GIC 3M Vitrebond in vitro.Methods:Samples of 3M Vitrebond (powder, liquid and light-cured) were incubated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium–Ham’s F12 (DMEM-F12) for 24 hours at 37°C. Subsequently, the light-cured medium was treated with 100 mg/mL of HAp overnight. Toxicity of conditioned media diluted 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:20 was analyzed on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) using light microscopy and the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay. The amounts of calcium fluoride (CaF2) were determined by the alizarin red S method.Results:The exposure of HGFs to light-cured induced cell death and morphological changes such as chromatin condensation, pyknotic nuclei and cytoplasmic modifications. Exposure to light-cured treated with HAp, significantly increased cell viability leading to mostly spindle-shaped cells (p2released by the light-cured was 200 ppm, although, in the light-cured/HAp conditioned medium, this quantity decreased to 88 ppm (pConclusions:These data suggest that HAp plays a protective role, decreasing the cytotoxic effect of 3M Vitrebond induced by CaF2.

Emdogain are enamel matrix proteins (amelogenins) that are taken from developing teeth in pigs. It is indicated for the treatment of intra-bony defects due to moderate or severe periodontitis, as well as the surgical treatment of gum recessions. However, its physiological effects are not completely characterized. This work analyzes the effects of emdogain on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and mineralization factors. Monocytes, isolated from peripheral blood, were incubated with different concentrations of emdogain for 2 days. Immunocytochemical methods were used to detect IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma. Fibroblasts, isolated from gingival tissue, were incubated with different concentrations of emdogain for 7 days. Immunocytochemical methods were used to detect osteopontin, osteonectin, osteoprotegerin, and ameloblastin. Morphometrical analysis showed significant increased production of osteopontin (p