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Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic use of fluoxetine on the amount of orthodontic tooth movement and tissue changes in rats. A total of 192 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: S, 0.9% saline solution; F, 20 mg/kg of fluoxetine; SM, 0.9% saline solution with orthodontic movement; and FM, 20 mg/kg of fluoxetine with orthodontic movement. After 30 days of daily saline or fluoxetine administration, an orthodontic device (25cN) was used to mesially displace the first molar in animals of the groups SM and FM. The animals were euthanized 2, 7, 14, and 28 days after placement of the orthodontic appliances and animals of groups S and F were euthanized at the same time. The assessment of tooth movement was made in gypsum castings, the collagen neoformation was assessed by polarization microscopy, the number of osteoclasts and root resorption were evaluated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and presence of hyalinized areas was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Fluoxetine did not affect the amount of tooth displacement, percentage of collagen, number of osteoclasts, and presence of hyalinized areas (P>0.05). There was a higher frequency of root resorption areas in the FM group than in the SM group only on the second day (P

Abstract Background To verify the influence of macrogeometry with healing chambers on the osseointegration of dental implants by analyzing implant stability quotient (ISQ) and evaluate the correlation between insertion torque and ISQ insertion with different macrogeometries. Methods In total, 26 implants were installed in the posterior mandible of eight patients with sufficient bone height for the installation of implants measuring 3.5 mm in diameter and 9.0 mm in length. The implants were categorized according to two types of macrogeometry: a test group (GT) with 13 conical implants with healing chambers and a control group (GC) with 13 conical implants with conventional threads. To insert the implants, a bone drilling protocol was used up to a diameter of 3 mm with the last helical bur. The insertion torque of the implants was evaluated, followed by the measurement of ISQ at 0 (T-0), 7 (T-7), 14 (T-14), 21 (T-21), 28 (T-28), and 42 (T-42) days. Results The mean insertion torque was 43 Ncm in both groups, without a significant difference. Moreover, no significant difference in the ISQ values was found between the groups at different time points (p > 0.05), except at T-7 (GT = 69.87±1.89 and GC = 66.48±4.49; p = 0.01). Although there was no significant difference, ISQ median values were higher in the GT group than GC group at 28 days (GT = 67.98 and GC = 63.46; p = 0.05) and 42 days (GT = 66.12 and GC = 60.33; p = 0.09). No correlation was found between the insertion torque and ISQ insertion (p > 0.05). Conclusion Furthermore, implants with a 3.5 mm diameter macrogeometry, with or without healing chambers, inserted with a drilling protocol up to 3 mm in diameter of the last helical bur, led to a similar secondary stability, with no difference in ISQ values. Although, implants with healing chamber demonstrates ascending values in the graph of ISQ, having a trend of faster osseointegration than implants without healing chambers. Both macrogeometries provide a similar primary stability to implants. Trial registration This study was registered retrospectively in ReBec (brazilian registry of clinical trials) under the number RBR-96n5×69, on the date of 19/06/2023.

Objetivou-se avaliar a efetividade da telerregulação em endodontia e em odontologia para pacientes com necessidades especiais, na rede pública municipal de Odontologia de Curitiba. Estudo quanti-qualitativo, usando métodos mistos, cobrindo corte cronológico de abril/maio de 2017 a janeiro/fevereiro de 2020. Avaliou-se comparativamente o tempo de espera para cada especialidade, o número de encaminhamentos e pessoas aguardando atendimento. Paralelamente, cirurgiões(ãs)-dentistas das respectivas especialidades avaliaram a conformidade quanto ao protocolo de encaminhamento dos casos referidos a eles(as). Ainda, 140 usuários(as) do serviço manifestaram seu grau de satisfação com o serviço telerregulado. Os resultados demonstram uma significativa melhora nos indicadores de acesso e satisfação de pacientes. Os(as) usuários(as) mostraram-se majoritariamente satisfeitos com o serviço recebido. O processo de telerregulação apresenta um nível efetivo de sucesso no acesso às especialidades, com redução de filas e do tempo de espera, mas há necessidade de maior qualificação nos encaminhamentos para endodontia. O nível de satisfação de usuários(as) dos serviços mostrou-se bastante satisfatório.

Abstract Objectives This prospective randomized multicenter clinical trial (PRMCT) investigated postoperative pain after single-visit root canal treatments in teeth affected by pulp necrosis (PN), and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) (with apical radiolucent areas) or normal periradicular tissues (without apical radiolucent areas) comparing different instruments' kinematics and apical instrumentation limits. Methods Before chemomechanical preparation, 240 patients/teeth were randomly distributed into four groups (n = 60) according to the instruments' kinematics (rotary or reciprocating) and apical instrumentation limits (with or without intentional foraminal enlargement [IFE]). After that, specimens were submitted to the same irrigation and obturation techniques, and the patients were referred to undergo the definitive restorations. No medication was prescribed, but the patients were instructed to take either paracetamol (750 mg every 6 h for three days) or ibuprofen (600 mg every 6 h for three days) in pain cases. Postoperative pain incidence and levels were assessed at 24-, 48-, and 72 h following treatment completion according to a verbal rating scale (VRS) following a score. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was applied to assess the normality of the data. Mann–Whitney U, Chi-square, Friedman's ANOVA, and Friedman's multiple 2 to 2 comparison tests were employed to identify potential significant statistical differences among the variables in the study groups (P

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the profile and level of satisfaction of users served in the dental specialty for patients with special healthcare needs (SHCN), based on the Brazilian Program for Improving Access and Quality (“PMAQ”) of the Centers for Dental Specialties (“CEO”). This observational, quantitative study used a national secondary database in the public domain. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test with Bonferroni correction, Student’s t-test, and log-linear Poisson regression. Most users of the specialty “SHCN” interviewed were female (74.1% in 2014 and 68.8% in 2018), with a mean age of 41.7 (2014) and 44.9 (2018) years. For every 100 respondents who considered it regular or bad, 171 considered it good, and 199 considered it very good. Regarding satisfaction with the host of the “CEO,” there were differences between the regions of Brazil (Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, and South). There has been an increase in the number of “CEO” that serve users with autism spectrum disorder. Generally, the “CEO” network provides humanized and welcoming services, presenting better performance in the second evaluation cycle, according to user perception.

Abstract This in vitro study evaluated the bacterial reduction provided by the EndoActivator (EA), Easy Clean (EC), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and XP-Endo Finisher. Eight-four mesial roots of mandibular first molars were instrumented, inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, and divided into four groups (n. 20). Bacterial reduction in the main canals and dentinal tubules were respectively determined by MTT assays and Live/Dead BackLight technique through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) at 50, 100, and 150 µm in-depth (n. 10 per group). Statistical analyses were conducted following a significance level of 95% (P

Abstract The aim of this observational clinical study (OCS) was to determine the clinical anatomical diameter (CAD) in several dental groups, thus correlating them with gender, age, tooth/canal and pulpoperiradicular diagnosis. Three-hundred fifty-nine teeth/584 vital or necrotic root canals from patients of both genders and different ages composed the sample. After performing the necessary previous procedures, K-Flexofiles were used to determine the CAD. Then, the gender and age of the patients, as well as the pulpoperiradicular diagnosis of the teeth were tabulated to conduct the statistical analysis (p 0.05). The largest CAD mean was observed in single canals of maxillary central incisors. The lowest values of this variable were identified in the mesiobuccal and mesial canals of maxillary and mandibular first molars, respectively. The CAD of the root canals was influenced only by the root canal/tooth and pulpoperiradicular diagnosis.

Abstract Occlusal stabilization splints are the most common treatment for controlling the deleterious effects of sleep bruxism. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost, mixed occlusal splint (MOS) compared to that of a rigid splint. A randomized clinical trial was performed on 43 adults of both sexes with possible sleep bruxism and satisfactory dental conditions. They were divided into rigid occlusal splint (ROS) (n = 23) and MOS (n = 20) groups. Masticatory muscle and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain intensity (visual analog scale), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), indentations in the oral mucosa, anxiety, and depression (HADS), number of days of splint use, and splint wear were evaluated. All variables were evaluated at baseline (T0), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12) after splint installation (T0), and splint wear was evaluated at T6 and T12. Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, non-parametric Friedman’s analysis of variance for paired samples and pairwise multiple comparisons, Pearson’s chi-square test, two-proportion z-test, non-parametric McNemar’s and Cochran’s Q, and Wilcoxon tests were used (p < 0.05). In both groups, there was a decrease in TMJ pain and pain intensity over time and improvements in the quality of life scores. At T6, there was a higher rate of splint wear in the MOS group than in the ROS group (p = 0.023). The MOS showed a higher rate of wear than the rigid splint but had similar results for the other variables. Therefore, the use of a mixed splint appears to be effective in controlling the signs and symptoms of sleep bruxism.

Abstract Background To verify the prevalence and profile of users and non-users of anabolic steroid (AS) among resistance training practitioners. Methods An observational, cross-sectional survey was performed in 100 gyms in Curitiba city, involving 5773 individuals and self-administered questionnaires. The chi-square and z-tests of proportions were used for comparison between the groups (p

ABSTRACT Objective: To study the influence of black space between the maxillary central incisors on the aesthetic visual perception of the face, via eye-tracking and visual analogue scale (VAS). Methods: Black space between the central incisors was created, for both sexes, as follows: control, 1-mm black space, 2-mm black space and 3-mm black space. Ninety raters participated in this study, divided into three groups: 30 laypeople, 30 nonorthodontists, and 30 orthodontists. After the visual calibration of each observer, eight photographs were presented in the Ogama® software concomitant with the use of the hardware The Eye Tribe®. Ogama generated information depending on the eye-tracking of each rater, regarding the time until the first fixation, time of fixation, heatmap, scanpath, and total time of fixation, to evaluate the areas deemed to be of interest according to the raters. Later on, the VAS was used, where each rater evaluated the images in an album on a scale of zero to 10 points. Results: The eyes and mouth were the areas more often noticed by the raters according to the heatmaps, while no significant difference was observed in time until the first fixation between the three groups of raters (p> 0.05). However, regarding the time of fixation on the mouth, a significant difference was observed (p< 0.05) when comparing the three groups. Conclusion: Black space has a negative effect on the aesthetic perception of the face. The amount of attention on the mouth is correspondent to the size of the black space.

Background: The gerontoism, a neologism adopted here, is a form of discrimination regarding age and can occur in rational, emotional, and behavioral contexts, and could be influenced by many factors. This study aimed to identify if the social support and the family functionality interfere in the self-perception of gerontoism. Methods: Participants were 376 elderly in good physical and mental condition. They participated in the Group Living organization in the Municipality of Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil, in 2012. Information was collected about sociodemographic profile using a structured questionnaire. The social support, the family functionality, and the self-perception of gerontoism were defined by the Medical Outcomes Study, the Family APGAR index, and Ageism Survey, respectively. The variables were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, One Way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test, and the Student’s t-test. Results: Most of the participants came from small cities from the interior (48.7%), were female (94.4%), with age ranging 60-69 yr-old (45.5%), whites (76.1%), widowers (47.1%), with children (93.9%), with low schooling (55.3%), with family income from 1-2 minimum wage (31.4%), and retirees not working (44.1%). It was not observed correlation between sociodemographic variables and self-perception of gerontoism. Statistical significance was observed between self-perception of gerontoism and social support (r= -0.26, P=0.00), and between the self-perception and family functionality (r = -0.28, P=0.00). Once the scores of self-perception of gerontoism increased, the ones from social support and family functionality, decreased. Conclusion: Lower self-perception of gerontoism was observed in elderly with higher social support and family functionality.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223384.].

The profiles of polytraumatized patients in intensive care units were characterized. Serum and salivary markers were compared with normality between Classes I and II of APACHE II and between periods of hospitalization; these results were correlated. This was a prospective study on saliva charts and collection (n = 70). Profile: male, 27 years old, blunt traumas and collisions. Serum parameters with normality: decrease in pH, creatinine at admission to Class I, and at 48 and 72 hours in both classes; K+ at 48 h in Class II; Ca+ on admission in both classes and at 72 h in Class I. Increase in urea at 72 h in Class II, glucose at all times and in all classes, and Ca+ at 48 h in both classes. Class II had high Na+ at 48 and 72 h compared to Class I. In Class I, creatinine reduction occurred in 48 h and 72 h compared to admission and an increase of Ca+ at 48 h with admission. In Class II, pH and Na+ increased at 48 h and 72 h compared to admission. K+ decreased from admission to 48 h and increased from 48 h to 72 h. Urea increased from 48 to 72 hours. Creatinine decreased from admission to 48 and 72 hours. Ca+ increased from admission to 48 hours and decreased from 48 to 72 hours. There was an increase in the saliva levels in both classes and times in relation to normality. There was an increase in urea at admission, glucose at 72 h, and Ca+ at 48 h in Class II compared with Class I. Class I urea increased from admission to 48 h and Ca+ decreased from admission to 48 h. Class II urea decreased from 48 h to 72 h. Strong or very strong positive correlation was identified between blood and creatinine saliva at all times and regular and negative Ca+ at 72 h. This study provides evidence that salivary and serum biomarkers can be used together to monitor the evolution of the clinical symptoms of ICU patients.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the use of anabolic steroids (AS), the motivation to use them, their side effects, the source of information and the form in which AS were obtained, the medical follow-up, and the periodic examinations in resistance training practitioners who are either current or former users of AS. METHODS:A prevalence survey was performed in the gyms of the city of Curitiba, including 719 current and former AS users who self-administered a questionnaire. The chi-square and z of proportions (p

The aim of this paper was to evaluate a possible correlation between obturation limits and leakage. Thirty-six extracted human mandibular incisors were used, characterized by straight and single canals, non-anatomical complexities, absence of previous endodontic treatment, complete root formation and patent foramen. For standardization of the specimens for the leakage analysis, foraminal instrumentation was performed up to a Flexofile #25 (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). All specimens were instrumented and filled following the same protocol, and the obturation limits were measured using Axiovision 4.5 Software (Carl Zeiss Vision, Hallbergmoos, Germany). The specimens were then separated into three groups (n = 12) according to the following variables: Group I - obturation limits ranging from 0 mm to 0.76 mm of the main apical foramen. Group II - obturation limits ranging from 0.77 mm to 0.98 mm of the main apical foramen. Group III - obturation limits ranging from 0.99 mm to 1.68 mm of the main apical foramen. Apical leakage was quantified by fluid filtration. The analyses were confronted using Pearson's test (p > 0.05). Groups I, II and III showed Pearson correlation values (r2) of -0.152, -0.186 and 0.058, respectively. No correlation was found between the obturation limits and apical leakage

Patients who seek dental treatment may have bipolar disorder, and lithium carbonate (LC) is the drug of choice used in the treatment of this disorder. Taking into consideration the controversial results found in the literature, and the possible influence of LC on induced tooth movement, the objective was to evaluate tooth movement induced in rats after administration of lithium carbonate. One hundred and ninety-two rats were divided into 3 groups. In the L group, the animals received daily 60mg/kg of LC, they were not subjected to orthodontic movement, and they were euthanized after 33, 37, 44 or 51 days. In the LM group, the LC was administered for 30 days and during the subsequent 3, 7, 14 and 21 days, corresponding to the period of induced tooth movement, and they received a spring that produced a 30cN force. In the SM group, saline solution was applied. Measurements were made of tooth displacement, the numbers of osteoclasts and serum lithium phosphate (PO4), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatinine levels. The tooth displacement was lower in the LM group compared to the SM group at 44 days. A tendency toward reduction in the number of osteoclasts was observed in the LM group compared to the SM group at 44 days. The average lithium were higher in the L and LM groups compared to the SM group. The opposite was observed for the PO4 group. A higher value for the ALP was found in the L group. The average creatinine level was lower in the LM group. LC inhibited tooth movement for 14 days, possibly due to the reduction in the number of osteoclasts.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical criteria for the diagnosis of hyposalivation in hospitalized patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A clinical study was carried out on 145 subjects (48 males; 97 females; aged 20 to 90 years). Each subject was clinically examined, in the morning and in the afternoon, along 1 day. A focused anamnesis allowed identifying symptoms of hyposalivation, like xerostomia complaints (considered as a reference symptom), chewing difficulty, dysphagia and increased frequency of liquid intake. Afterwards, dryness of the mucosa of the cheecks and floor of the mouth, as well as salivary secretion during parotid gland stimulation were assessed during oral examination. RESULTS: Results obtained with Chi-square tests showed that 71 patients (48.9%) presented xerostomia complaints, with a significant correlation with all hyposalivation symptoms (p

The aim of this study was to detect and quantify the main residual monomers released from composites, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Discs were made with dental composites (Herculite XRV, Tetric Ceram and Filtek Z250) and immersed in deionized water at 37ºC for 28 days, with water changes in 1, 7, 14 and 21 days. The mean concentration of residual monomers were subject to the Kruskal-Wallis test (pA liberação de monômeros residuais pode afetar o comportamento clínico e a biocompatibilidade dos materiais resinosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar e quantificar os principais monômeros residuais liberados de resinas compostas, usando cromatografia líquida de alta performance (HPLC). Discos foram construídos de resinas compostas de uso odontológico (Herculite XRV, Tetric Ceram and Filtek Z250) e imersos em água deionizada a 37ºC durante 28 dias, com mudanças de água em 24 horas, 7, 14 e 21 dias. As concentrações médias dos monômeros residuais foram submetidas ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p

Aim: To investigate the association between palatally impacted maxillary canines (PIC) and idiopathic osteosclerosis. Methods: A sample of 54 subjects (28 females and 26 males, mean age of 12.98±1.59 years) with PIC was selected from the records of 1,650 orthodontic patients treated at the Discipline of Orthodontics clinics at the Dental School of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), in Curitiba, PR, Brazil. A control group of 54 subjects with normally erupted canines was also selected from the same files (mean age of 12.93±1.58 years). Panoramic, lateral skull, postero-anterior skull, periapical and occlusal radiographs, as well as stone casts of the patients were examined. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test revealed a normal distribution of gender and age in the groups. The results were analyzed with the Chi-square test (α=0.05). Results: There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between the groups. Four patients from each group had idiopathic osteosclerosis (7.41%), a rate that falls in the prevalence range reported in the literature. Conclusions: No correlation was observed between palatally impacted maxillary canines and idiopathic osteosclerosis.

O tabagismo é reconhecido como um dos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do câncer bucal. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito do uso de cigarro industrializado sobre as áreas nucleares (AN), citoplasmáticas (AC) e na relação núcleo/citoplasma (AN/AC) de células epiteliais da mucosa bucal de adultos jovens. Esfregaços da mucosa jugal saudável foram obtidos pela técnica da citologia esfoliativa em meio líquido, de 58 indivíduos (28 indivíduos fumantes e 30 não-fumantes). As lâminas foram processadas em laboratório, coradas pela técnica do Papanicolaou e analisadas utilizando um sistema analisador de imagens, seguindo a metodologia preconizada por Ogden et al. (1990). Duas mil e novecentas células epiteliais foram avaliadas. A média da AN para os grupos experimental e controle foram, respectivamente, 1530,6µm2 e 1498,6µm2. A variável AC apresentou as seguintes médias: 63780,3µm2 (experimental) e 62929,9µm2 (controle). A relação AN/AC para o grupo experimental foi de 0,023, enquanto que para o grupocontrole foi de 0,024. O teste t de Student demonstrou não haver diferença estatisticamente significativa para as variáveis estudadas (p

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a densidade óssea relativa da região retromolar em pixels e em milímetros equivalentes de alumínio (mmEq/Al). Para a mensuração dos níveis de cinza em mmEq/Al na referida região, utilizou-se uma escala de alumínio constituída por 16 degraus, com 0,3mm de espessura entre cada um deles. Utilizou-se 5 mandíbulas humanas secas, as quais foram tecnicamente radiografadas, na região anteriormente citada, com filmes Agfa, tempo de exposição de 0,5 segundos e distância focal de 25cm. Estas radiografias foram processadas, em uma câmara escura, pelo método de tempo e temperatura e, posteriormente escaneadas com 300 dpi. As imagens digitalizadas foram medidas por meio da ferramenta histograma, do programa Image Tool, versão 3.0 (UTHSCSA, USA). Inicialmente, foram manipuladas através da função automática de alteração de brilho e contraste e em seguida, foram selecionadas para as medições nas regiões ósseas, áreas de 32X32 pixels, evitando-se regiões excessivamente radiopacas ou radiolúcidas, bem como, de estruturas anatômicas, para que não houvesse alterações no valor da densidade óssea relativa. Já nas imagens dos degraus da escala, foram medidas áreas de 20X50 pixels, com a mesma ferramenta. A análise dos resultados, pelo teste estatístico T de Student, mostrou valores semelhantes entre a densidade óssea da região retromolar e o degrau de número 16 da escala de alumínio (p>0,05). Concluiu-se que a densidade da escala de alumínio, utilizada neste estudo é semelhante a densidade óssea relativa da região avaliada, podendo ser utilizada como unidade de medida referencial na análise dos níveis de cinza mandibulares.

O nível de conhecimento sobre a causa e prevenção do câncer é extremamente importante. O diagnóstico do câncer bucal é relativamente fácil em função da sua localização anatômica. Além disso, os fatores de risco para esta doença podem ser facilmente detectados durante a anamnese e geralmente estão ligados ao estilo de vida do indivíduo. Esse estudo avaliou o nível de, conhecimento, de estudantes universitários da cidade de Curitiba/PR sobre câncer bucal e os fatores causais. A amostra constituiu-se de 300 universitários, maiores de 18 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos e escolhidos aleatoriamente. Um questionário específico com perguntas abertas e fechadas foi empregado. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que desses 300 entrevistados, 259 (86,3%) responderam saber que o câncer poderia ocorrer na boca e cerca de 117 (39%) afirmaram que conheciam a existência de lesões cancerizáveis. O tabagismo (69,3%), a falta de higiene bucal (20,3%) e as radiações (10,6%) foram os prováveis fatores de risco mais apontados. O álcool que é considerado um agente promotor foi considerado como fator causal da doença por apenas 22 (8%) entrevistados. Quanto ao tratamento, um total de 113 (37,6%) procuraria o cirurgião-dentista se suspeitasse de câncer na boca. Esse trabalho demonstrou que uma parcela representativa da população universitária sabe que o câncer pode acometer a boca e que o tabagismo é um dos fatores de risco, entretanto, desconhecem o papel do álcool. Esses achados reforçam a necessidade de implementação de medidas preventivas visando a divulgação dos reais fatores de risco para o câncer bucal.

Tradicionais modelos biomédicos de assistência à saúde, voltados para condições agudas e episódicas, não têm respondido adequadamente às Condições Crônicas que requerem cuidado diferenciado, longitudinal e proativo. Esta pesquisa avaliativa sobre atenção a Condições Crônicas buscou identificar, em abordagem quantitativa, a percepção de usuários e equipes de saúde sobre inovações, com a implantação de um novo modelo de atenção. Os resultados demonstram associação entre a implantação do modelo e as mudanças ocorridas, tais como o cuidado compartilhado e o autocuidado. A forma como é dispensado o cuidado mostra relação direta com o nível de satisfação das equipes de saúde e pessoas usuárias.