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Relevance. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used as antipyretics and analgesics. In this case, NSAIDs have a side effect - ulcerogenic. Therefore, it is important to find means to correct the ulcerogenic action of NSAIDs. Potential antiulcerogenic action may be in cryopreserved human placenta extract "Cryocell-placental cryoextract". Objective: to investigate the effect of cryopreserved placenta (CEP) extract on the morphological state of the stomach and the processes of protein synthesis in the gastric mucosa with the introduction of NSAIDs diclofenac sodium in rats with experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 28 nonlinear male rats weighing 200-220 g. The animals were divided into 4 groups: I (n = 7) – intact rats; II (n = 7) – rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA), this is a treatment without treatment; III (n = 7) – rats with AA, treated with diclofenac sodium (DN), 8.0 mg / kg, intragastrically (i/g); IV (n = 7) – rats with AA, treated with DN, 8.0 mg / kg, i/g and CEP, 0.16 ml / kg body weight, intramuscularly (i/m). AA was simulated by subplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the hind right limb at a rate of 0.1 ml per rat. The day of adjuvant administration was considered as the "0" day of the experiment. AA treatment was performed from 14 to 28 days. DN was applied daily, and CEP – with an interval of 3 days: for 14, 17, 20, 23 and 26 days. On day 28, the animals were removed from the experiment by cervical dislocation under inhalation anesthesia. To assess morphological changes, gastric fragments were fixed in 10.0% neutral formalin solution. Histological sections 5–7 μm thick were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as Schiff's reagent (fuchsin sulfuric acid) with iodic acid. The concentration of total protein (TP) was determined spectrophotometrically by light absorption at a wavelength of 546 nm. The content of RNA and DNA in the homogenates of the gastric mucosa was determined spectrophotometrically by reaction with perchloric acid. Results. In rats with AA, the mucous membrane (MM) had a preserved structure in all animals. There were no signs of hyper- or hyposecretion of mucins when stained with a chic reaction with alcyan blue. There were foci of desquamation of the superficial epithelium and single lymphocytes. The introduction of DN in rats with AA led to signs of erosive changes in MM. Deep erosions and single ulcerative defects were found in 28.6% of rats, reaching the depth of the lesion to the muscle plate. There is a small amount of mucopolysaccharides with a predominance of acidic glycoproteins. Reduced content of neutral glycoproteins. Single desquamated epitheliocytes were detected. Focal lympho-plasmacytic infiltration with exudate with eosinophilic leukocytes was noted in the submucosal layer of MM. Against the background of the combined use of DN and CEP in rats with AA in any animal, no significant violations of the histoarchitectonics of the MM, except for isolated foci of desquamation of the superficial epithelium. In gastric MM homogenates in rats with AA there was a decrease (p

Відомо, що окрім широкого спектру терапевтичних ефектів, нестероїдним протизапальним засобам притаманні такі побічних реакцій, як гастродуоденотоксичність, гепатотоксичність, кардіотоксичність, нефротоксичність, гематотоксичність, алергенність, нейротоксичність та ін. Нами запропоновано застосування українського спазмолітика з політропними фармакологічними властивостями вінборону з метою попередження ульцерогенної дії ібупрофену.Проведене дослідження показало, що комбіноване застосування ібупрофену та вінборону призвело до послаблення ознак гастротоксичності вказаного антифлогістика. На це вказував значно нижчий ступінь важкості ураження слизової оболонки шлунка – виразковий індекс був майже в 10 разів меншим, ніж на тлі монотерапії та становив відповідно 0,10 та 0,97. Приріст маси тіла у щурів з експериментальним ревматоїдним артритом на 28 добу експеримнту на тлі комбінованого застосування ібупрофену та вінборону вдвічі перевищував аналогічні показники тварин групи монотерапії і становив відповідно 16,3±3,19 % (95 % ДІ: 10,0-22,5 %) відносно 1 дня експерименту. Виразкові ураження шлунка відмічались лише у 14,3 % тварин, що втричі нижче ніж на тлі монотерапії ібупрофеном., It is known that besides a wide range of therapeutic effects, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have side effects such as gastroduodenotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hematotoxicity, allergenicity, neurotoxicity, and others. We have proposed the use of Ukrainian antispasmodics with polytropic pharmacological properties of vinoboron in order to prevent ulcerogenic action of ibuprofen.The conducted study showed that the combined use of ibuprofen and vinoboron led to a weakening of the signs of gastrotoxicity of this antiflossistics. This was indicated by a significantly lower degree of lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach - the ulcerous index was almost 10 times smaller than on the background of monotherapy and was, respectively, 0.10 and 0.97. The increase in body weight in rats with experimental rheumatoid arthritis in the 28th day of experiment with the combined use of ibuprofen and vinoboron was twice as high as that of animals in the monotherapy group and was 16.3 ± 3.19%, respectively (95% CI: 10.0-22.5 %) relative to 1 day of the experiment. The stomach ulcers were noted only in 14.3% of animals, which is three times lower than on the background of ibuprofen monotherapy.

The objective of the study was immunohistochemical evaluation of distribution of various NO synthase fractions in the structural elements of the bladder wall under stress urinary incontinence and its overactivity prior and post Mirabegron, Spasmex, Quercetin therapies and their combinations with Testosterone and Estradiol. Using the immunohistochemical method, we studied the expression of the main fractions of NO synthase in experimental models of hyperactive bladder (OAB) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). We found that OAB and SUI were characterized by emergence of expression of the inducible fraction (iNOS) predominantly in the interstitial cells of the muscular layer of the bladder and reduced expression of endothelial (eNOS) and neuronal (nNOs) NO synthase fractions. In contrast to Spasmex, Mirabegron and Quercetin in combination with Testosterone and Estradiol contributed to stabilization of eNOS and nNOs expression already at early observation phases, and reduced the level of iNOS expression with its further disappearance in the later observation period.

To analyze the glycoprotein binding sites of the gastric mucosa and its secreted mucus using lectin histochemistry in patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG) associated or not-associated with Helicobacter pylori infection with or without dysplasia.In order to identify the areas with glycoconjugates expression in gastric mucosa, 6 lectins (Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin - Con A, Sambucus nigra agglutinin - SNA, wheat germ agglutinin - WGA, soybean agglutinin - SBA, Helix pomatia agglutinin - HPA, peanut agglutinin - PNA) were used. Carbohydrate determinants were visualized according to the lectin-peroxidase-diaminobenzidine staining protocol. Biopsy material was obtained and processed by conventional histological methods. The samples from 84 patients (54 with CNAG) with low (n = 34) and high grade (n = 20) dysplasia, 38 patients were H. pylori-infected and 26 patients - H. pylori-noninfected) were used. The comparison group included 30 persons with CNAG without dysplasia (16 patients H. pylori-infected and 14 - noninfected).In comparison to normal gastric mucosa, a low affinity of Con A was shown in 80% of patients with non-infected CNAG and 90% of H. pylori associated CNAG. In 70% of H. pylori-infected patients with CNAG and low grade dysplasia there was an increase of SNA expression compared with non-infected patients (p0.05). Regarding SBA labeling no differences were detected in the studied groups (p 0.05). In H. pylori infected patients with CNAG and low grade dysplasia, WGA, HPA and PNA showed a strong reactivity with the gastric mucosa cells in 80; 75%, and 60% of patients, respectively.We suggest that a set of lectins in reaction with gastric epithelial and glandular cells can be used as a tool to obtain information about the dysplastic changes of the gastric mucosa and may offer new insight into gastric carcinogenesis and precancerous lesions treatment.

To assess the profile of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC) in gastric mucosa through immunohistochemical method.To identify metaplastic areas in gastric mucosa there was used chromoendoscopy with 0.5% solution of methylene blue, the expression of the mucins profile was determined using immunohistochemistry with MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC2 and MUC6 antibodies (clone Ma695, clone CLH2, Ccp58 and CLH5, "Novocastra" Great Britain).In case of the complete intestinal metaplasia (IM) there was maximum MUC2 expression in goblet cells. MUC5AC, MUC1 and MUC6 expression were absent in columnar epitheliocytes with brush border. In case of incomplete IM along with positive MUC2 marking of goblet cells, in 25% of such patients with chronic atrophic gastritis with incomplete IM MUC5AC expression has been observed; but in columnar epitheliocytes MUC5AC expression was observed in 100% of patients, and MUC2 expression was detected in 15% of patients only. Weak expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC in the areas adjacent to gastric adenocarcinoma was registered.MUC5AC expression in columnar epithelial cells and goblet exocrinocytes marks the formation of gastrointestinal phenotype - incomplete IM, along with the simultaneous production of MUC2 by goblet cells. Decrease of MUC 5AC expression in columnar epithelial cells and goblet exocrinocytes was found in areas of severe dysplasia and IM that may serve as an additional criterion of early malignization of gastric mucosa cells.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is detected on the surface of gastric epithelium and in goblet cells, predominantly in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and incomplete intestinal metaplasia (IM). H. pylori infection persistence leads to the formation of gastrointestinal phenotype of IM. H. pylori can be considered as an etiological factor of IM. It inhibits the expression of SOX2 in gastric epithelial cells, hence activating transcription factor CDX2 as a counterpart to MUC5AC gene inhibition and MUC2 gene induction. Thus, in metaplastic cells, programming differentiation after intestinal phenotype will develop. The role of H. pylori in the origin of intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa was defined in this study to elucidate the probable mechanism of cell reprogramming. The activation of CDX2, with simultaneous inactivation and decreased number of genes (e.g., SHH, SOX2, and RUNX3) responsible for gastric differentiation, was identified to cause the appearance of IM.

Comparative estimation of the local treatment results for purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues, using standard methods and composition, owing sorption and antimicrobial properties and basing on a nanodispersedsilica, was conducted. The composition application in complex of treatment have promoted more rapid clearance from necrotized tissues and microorganisms, rapid appearance of granulations, the intoxication severity reduction, the phase I of the wound process duration shortening, what have permitted to put secondary sutures on the wound on the 6 – 7th postoperative day, and total duration of the patients’ stationary treatment have reduced by 3.7 days.