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AIM: To assess the effectiveness of technological measures to manage the risk to public health of exposure to atmospheric emissions from multi-fuel combined heat and power plants (CHP). METHODS: The study involved modeling the dispersion of emissions from the thermal power plants, calculation of surface concentrations, assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to public health, and estimating the relative risk of mortality, referrals and hospitalizations based on WHO guidelines on atmospheric air quality. Predictive scenarios were constructed for thermal power plants, including the initial state, modernization with the help of technological and sanitary measures, and changes in the structure of the fuel balance. RESULTS: The use of low-temperature vortex fuel combustion technology in combination with a modernized dust and gas cleaning system significantly (p 0.001) decreased the predicted carcinogenic risk index by an average of 80.67%, non-carcinogenic risk index by 78.84%, and relative mortality risks and referrals to medical organizations by more than 80%. The use of a gas turbine plant increased the production of electric energy by 72.23%, thermal energy by 4.89%, and significantly (p 0.001) reduced the level of carcinogenic risk by 4460%, non-carcinogenic risk by 3547%, and relative risks of mortality, visits to medical organizations and hospitalizations by 3364%. CONCLUSION: The use of the best available technologies to modernize multi-fuel CHP plants significantly reduces the level of risk to public health while it increases the production of electric and thermal energy and maintaining the advantage of using both solid and gaseous fuels.

Background. Some aspects of diagnostics and treatment of secondary pyelonephritis in children continue to be urgent tasks of pediatrics, especially with regard to immunological changes in this disease and the search for ways to optimally correct them. The purpose of the study: to study immunological disorders in children with VP and to determine the features of the use of the tablet preparation Polyoxidonium for their correction. Materials and methods. The study is an open controlled prospective comparative single-center study, including two groups: observation and control. The observation group consisted of 40 children aged 515 years (Me = 10; Q1 = 6; Q3 = 14) with secondary pyelonephritis, realized against the background of congenital urological pathology. The control group consisted of 100 practically healthy children (health groups 1 and 2) aged 5 to 17 years (Me = 10; Q1 = 7; Q3 = 14). The patients underwent a standard examination, including in-depth immunological examination. The revealed violations of immunological resistance justified the inclusion of the domestic drug Polyoxidonium in the complex therapy of patients. Results. 3 months after the treatment with the Polyoxidonium immunomodulator, an increase in the level of immunoglobulin A, the total number of lymphocytes, B cells, normalization of the number of CD19 lymphocytes, a decrease in the number of T lymphocytes and CD4 cells, an increase in phagocytosis and natural killers was noted. Conclusion. Thus, complex therapeutic tactics for children with secondary pyelonephritis should be determined taking into account individual immunological shifts, namely: a reduced number of CD19 lymphocytes and the level of immunoglobulin A, an excessively high content of helper cells, to increase phagocytosis and the number of NK lymphocytes.

Introduction. About 80% of patients with ureteral stents experience symptoms associated with them. We believe that the intensity of stent-assosiated symptoms (SAS) can be reduced by the replacement of the stent material with a less solid one. The aim of our research was to compare the intensity of the symptoms and signs as well as the safety of silicone and poly urethane ureteral stent. Materials and methods. The study included 70 patients who were divided into two groups. Group A included patients who were placed with polyurethane stents (Rsch, Teleflex). The experimental group B included patients who were placed with silicone stents (Cook Medical). Specialized questionnaires like pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Overactive Bladder Symptoms (OAB) questionnaires were used to study the patients for SAS severity 1 hour after the stent was placed, in the middle of the observation period and before the stent was removed or ureteroscopy was performed. In addition, each group was assessed for the effectiveness of the stent placement, the presence of hematuria, the number of unscheduled visits to the doctor and the degree of stent incrustation. Results. A total of 70 patients participated in the study, while the control group A included of 30 patients and experimental group B included 40 patients. Group B participants having silicone ureteral stents showed significantly lower average VAS values 2 weeks before stent removal and shortly before stent removal (p = 0.023 and p = 0.014 respectively). No other comparisons between the two groups were statistically significant. Conclusions. The obtained findings demonstrate that silicone ureter stents, unlike polyurethane ureter stents, cause less pain according to VAS two weeks before and during the stent removal procedure.

In this paper we consider buffering properties of saliva, which are regulated by a colloidal system. It includes Ca2+ and НPO42- ions, which affect on qualitative characteristics of saliva. The constancy of the pH determines neutralizing and mineralizing capabilities of saliva. The aim of this work was to define influence of toothpaste composition on the pH, salivary buffer systems, and the acid-base balance in the oral cavity. The acid-base disruption results in disbalance in demineralization-remineralization processes. Students of the Dentistry Department of Kirov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia took part in this research. They were divided into three groups. Each group had been using different products for 28 days. We selected 3 toothpastes of the same manufacturer. These toothpastes contain same ingredients, which by their chemical properties are not able to affect on the pH of the oral fluid and salivary buffer systems accordingly. However, there were distinctive components such as dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, hydroxyapatite, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, calcium lactate, which increase НРО42- and Ca2+. This fact has a positive effect on maintaining fixity of the phosphate buffer system in the oral cavity. It therefore helps to normalize the pH to a neutral level. The acid-base equilibrium is supported by buffering properties of saliva. It knows that saliva is regulated by the colloidal system including Ca2+ and НPO42- ions. These ions are part of the phosphate buffer system, which affect on qualitative characteristics of saliva. Based on the above, there is dependence between the row of toothpaste ingredients and protein level, hydrogen phosphate ions, calcium ions, and pH values.

The essence of Urolithiasis - one of the oldest diseases known by the mankind - is still not understood completely. For a long time the comprehension of Urolithiasis was based on matrix, colloid, ionic, inhibitory and precipitation theories. In these cases it was impossible to single out separate pathogenetic patterns. Besides, in spite of the absence of in vivo proofs the fact that new concrement nucleus forming (de novo nucleation) is only possible outside of the stone-forming metastability range should be taken into consideration for metaphilactic purposes. Fortunately, certain progress in understanding Urolithiasis started with the onset of studies devoted to detailed scrutiny of stone-forming patients’ metabolic peculiarities as well as with the introduction into clinical practice of the up-to-date digital endoscopes. Based on existing publications one may classify pathogenesis of stone-forming into 4 major groups: growth of calcium-oxalic stones on Randall’s plaques in patients with hypercalciumuria; excrescences on the of Belliny’s ducts’ “gags”; microlites forming within the internal medullar layer discharging tubules’ lumen in patients with cystineuria; stones forming in free solution. There is no doubt this classification is not the final one, neither does it exclude mixed variants, however better understanding of the aforementioned pathogenic variants would facilitate a novel view at Urolithiasis and in patients with kidney stones would increase anti-relapse measures’ effectiveness.

Goal: to develop mobile application for patients with kidney stone for compliance maintenance and possible reduction of recurrence rate. Material and methods. Existing mobile applications for urolithiasis were meticulously reviewed by three groups of doctors each from different urological facilities from Saint Petersburg, Russia. Information used in our mobile application was from main urolithiasis guidelines of different urological associations. Direct application development was done by professional programmers. After application release urologist from all over the Russia were questioned about the usefulness of this product. Results. As a result of combined work application “Urolithiasis: patient assistant” was produced. Among 102 respondents 96 % evaluated this application as very useful, 3 % as useful and only 1 % considered it as a weak tool. Conclusion. Application “Urolithiasis: patient assistant” being first and single in Russian language consists of tools for compliance maintenance and plenty of other useful information regarding recurrence risk reduction and thus may be used in patients with kidney stones.