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Türkiye aims to attain self-sufficiency with the transformation of its defense industry by state-centered and private sector investments as collaboration in the last decade. This paper presents new evidence on the effects of Turkish defense industry’s transformation on Turkish foreign policy by analysing the role of private defense sectors collaborated with the state institutions that are innovative and competitive as in today’s global environment. The main purpose of the article is to verify the claim that the developed, nationalized and localized Turkish defense industry is instrumental in taking more confident steps in Turkish foreign policy. Türkiye has been in a defense transformation since the early 2000s by focusing on a self-reliant and techno-nationalist model by allocating national security resources with the awareness of today’s world conflicts on energy, defense, security, and the experience of Cyprus crisis of 1974 and the ongoing fight against terrorism in a historical perspective. This geopolitical and strategic status of Türkiye and the resilience of Turkish defense industry have also emerged opportunities and challenges for Turkish foreign policy. Furthermore, it is observed that the transformation of Turkish defense industry has presented political and economic commitments for the future. The paper also sheds light on Türkiye’s allocation national resources and collaboration with especially private sector in the transformation process. As a result, in this article, it is concluded that Türkiye's increasing its military presence beyond its borders by exporting national weapons, active operations, military bases and peacekeeping missions means that it has adopted an active and assertive foreign policy. Qualitative research method has been used to reach this result together with primary and secondary sources. Information has been obtained directly from the websites of companies such as Roketsan, Havelsan, Baykar technology, STM, BMC. The defense article of İsmail Demir, President of the National Defense Industry of Türkiye, and the studies of researchers who wrote academic articles about the Turkish defense industry such as Sezgin, Seren, Adar, Yeşiltaş, Sekine, Öniş and Sakman have been referred. Apart from these, the DefeseNews website, which provides annual updated lists of the world's most powerful defense companies, has laso been used.

Background/aim It is known that the presence of fragmented QRS (fQRS) on electrocardiography (ECG) is associated with cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was the evaluation of fQRS formation and its relationship with the left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) parameters in acromegaly patients. Materials and methods In total, 47 previously diagnosed with non-hypertensive acromegaly patients and 48 control subjects were included in the study. ECG and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were performed for each participant. Acromegaly patients were divided into two groups according to the fQRS formation on the ECG. Left ventricular wall thicknesses, and left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular mass index (LVMi), and relative wall thickness (RWT) were obtained. Results In control group 5 (10.4%) and in acromegaly group 17 (36.2%) patients had fQRS on ECG (p = 0.003). LAD [36.0 (34.0–38.0) vs. 38.0 (35.0–41.0) mm, p < 0.001], LVM [155.27 ± 27.00 vs. 173.0 (153.0–235.0) g, p < 0.001], LVMi [83.12 ± 13.19 vs. 92.0 (83.0–118.0) g/m², p < 0.001] and RWT [0.39 ± 0.03 vs. 0.43 (0.41–0.45), p = 0.001] were significantly higher in patients with acromegaly. Disease duration was significantly higher (11.59 ± 1.3 vs. 8.2 ± 1.8 years, p < 0.001) in the fQRS (+) group. LAD [41.0 (39.0–42.5) vs. 37.0 (34.7–38.0) mm, p < 0.001], LVM [219.0 (160.5–254.5) vs. 164.0 (153.0–188.0) g, p = 0.017], LVMi [117.0 (92.5–128.5) vs. 86.0 (82.0–100.2) g/m², p = 0.013] and RWT [0.44 (0.42–0.49) vs. 0.43 (0.40–0.44), p = 0.037] were significantly higher in fQSR (+) acromegaly patients. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, disease duration (odds ratio: 10.05, 95% CI: 1.099–92.012, p = 0.041) and LAD (odds ratio: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.030–4.660, p = 0.042) were found to be the independent predictors of fQRS formation. Conclusion The results of our study revealed that fQRS (+) acromegaly patients had increased LVH parameters compared to fQRS (-) patients.

Finding the equivalent circuit parameters for photovoltaic (PV) cells is crucial as they are used in the modeling and analysis of PV arrays. PV cells are made of silicon semiconductor materials. These materials have a nonlinear characteristic. This distorts the sinusoidal waveform of the current and voltage. As a result, harmonic components are formed in the solar system. The PV cell is the smallest building block of the PV system and produces voltages between 0.5V and 0.7V. It serves as a source of current in the solar system. The amount of radiation hitting the cell determines how much current it produces. In an ideal case, a diode and a parallel current source make up the equivalent circuit of the PV cell. In practice, the addition of a series and parallel resistor is made to the ideal equivalent circuit. There are many equivalent circuits in the literature on modeling the equivalent circuit of a PV cell. The PV cell single diode model is the most used model due to its ease of analysis. In this study, the iterative method by Newton-Raphson was used to find the equivalent circuit parameters of a PV cell. This method is one of the most widely used methods for determining the roots of nonlinear equations in numerical analysis. In this study, five unknown parameters (Iph, Io, Rs, Rsh, m) of the PV cell equivalent circuit were quickly discovered with the software program prepared based on the Newton-Raphson method in Matlab.

All disasters are local with important repercussions for national and sometimes for international levels. An effective emergency response requires mobilising local government resources in the fight...

Mali alan kavramı 2000’li yılların başından itibaren literatürde önemli bir yer edinmiştir. Önce gelişmekte olan ülkeler için bir kaynak yaratma aracı olarak görülen bu konu, 2008 krizi ve COVID-19 pandemisi ile birlikte hem gelişmekte olan hem de gelişmiş ülkeler için önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada ise, Türkiye’de 2000-2021 yılları arasında siyasi konjonktür ile birlikte mali alan analizi yapılmıştır. 19 yıl süresince hakim parti olarak nitelendirilebilecek bir yönetimin mevcudiyetinde, vergi ve harcama politikalarının gelişimi incelenerek, iktidarın mali alanı nasıl yarattığı ve kullandığı üzerine bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.

Outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic is testing governments' capacity. Generally, considerable attention is paid to the capacity and response of the central or national governments; however, COVID‐19 pandemic is local in nature. Although central authorities have important roles to play in COVID‐19 response, local governments, being closer to people, are best‐positioned to form the first line of defense.

In this study Bismuth-based nano-sized powders have been synthesized with Sol-Gel Pechini method by doping Er3+ and Yb3+. The microstructural and electrical properties were characterized and discussed in detail. The fcc cubic structures (δ-phase) were successfully obtained at 700, 750 and 800 °C. With the increase in sintering temperature, the range of cubic boundary values decreased. The lattice parameter decreased independently of the temperature with the increasing total dopant ratio. Total dopant rate should be minimum 18 mol%, respectively to obtain the δ-phase at 700 °C sintering temperature. On the other hand, dopant amounts of Er and Yb cations should be at a certain value. Total electrical conductivity was measured under various temperature conditions and doping concentration and Activation energies belong to samples are calculated. At the intermediate temperature zone (selected as 510 °C) the conductivity values were decreased with the increasing total dopant ratio. Conversely, the conductivity values were increased with the increasing total dopant ratio in the high-temperature region. Activation energies of cubic samples were measured as around ~0.9–1.3 eV.

In the scope of this study, in order to determine the floatability characteristics of lignites, 5 samples were collected from various lignite reserves of Turkey namely Dursunbey, Çayırhan, Ilgın, Ermenek, and Gürmin-Merzifon. Collected samples were analyzed in terms of float and sink analysis. As regards to float and sink analysis, the original samples were floated and sinked in 2 different ZnCl2 solutions of densities 1.40 and 1.60 g cm-3. Proximate analysis of each original sample for the corresponding lignite was carried out in the beginning of this study. In terms of proximate analysis performed, Dursunbey lignite sample has the lowest ash content of 24.86 % while Gürmin Merzifon lignite sample has the highest ash content of 45.02 %, respectively. Accordingly, 5 float and sink analysis graphic obtained and they would help one to understand and easily figure out the optimum medium density for cleaning.

Bu çalışmada, bir termik santral özelinde, uçucu küller yanmamış karbon açısından incelenmiş ve elde edilen analiz sonuçları kömürün kısa analiz sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Kömüre dayalı enerji santrallerinde verimi anlatan bir ifade olan yanmamış karbon, gerek kömüre bağlı nedenlerle gerekse yanmanın gerçekleştiği koşulların etkisiyle ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yanmanın gerçekleştiği kazanların dizayn edilen şartlar haricinde çalıştırılması oldukça güç olup kazana ait parametrelerin etkisinin incelenmesi laboratuvar veya pilot ölçekli yanma düzeneklerinde gözlemlenebilmektedir. Kazana ait parametreler olarak verilen fazla hava, kazan içi yanma süreleri, sıcaklık dağılımları veya yakıcı pozisyonları düşünülebilir ve bunlara kazan dizaynına ait birçok parametreyi eklemek mümkündür. Ancak aynı yanma kazanının aynı şartlar altında farklı kömür örnekleriyle çalıştığı bir süreç incelenirse ve bu süreçte küllerde farklı değerlerde yanmamış karbon tespit edilirse, bunun nedeninin daha çok kömüre ait nedenler olduğu düşünülebilir. Kömür heterojen yapısı nedeniyle aynı menşeiden tedarik edilse bile kazan içi yanma rejimi farklılaşabilmektedir. Bu aşamada tedarikçilerin kömürleri ve bu kömürlerin kazanda yanma performansları değerlendirilmeli, ve kömür türlerine bağlı yanmamış karbon ilişkisi gözetilmelidir. Bu çalışmada, iki farklı santral değerlendirilmiş olup, 17 farklı uçucu madde içeriği olan kömür kullanan birinci santralde gözlemlenen 17 farklı yanmamış karbon değerinin ilişkisi kurulmuş ve sonuçlar kömürün uçucu madde içeriğinin yanmamış karbon üzerinde oldukça etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. İkinci santralde ise pulverize kömür örneklerinin boyut dağılımları incelenmiş ve boyut parametreleriyle yanmamış karbon arasındaki ilişkiler belirlenmiştir. Kömür boyut dağılımına ait D32 boyut parametresinin yanmamış karbon ile ilişkisinin anlamlı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of austempering on the mechanical properties of solutionstrengthened ferritic cast ductile irons. The microstructural examinations of the samples were conducted using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Hardness, impact, and tensile tests were performed to determine the mechanical features. After the impact test, the fracture surface morphology was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. The austempering results showed that the matrix structure with 70% ferrite and 30% bainite had the highest fracture toughness and yield strength. The ausferrite phase in microstructure played a positive role in ductility, toughness, and strain rates. The mechanical properties were strongly related to the amounts of ausferrite and retained ferrite ratio.

This paper deals with modeling and simulation of the total harmonic distortion of the current (THDI) dispatched from the inverter and connected to nonlinear load. The change of THDI was examined in relation to the ambient temperature (T) and solar irradiance (G).The developed model is being used to extract parameters for a given THDI as a function of temperature and solar radiation. This study outlines the working principle of photovoltaic (PV) panel as well as PV array. Off-grid PV system is modeled by using Matlab/Simulink program, and detailed analytical study has been carried out in this work. The design, modeling and simulation of this study are performed from 50 up to 988 W/m2 for solar irradiance. Harmonic components have negative effects on the steady-voltage stability of the PV system. Therefore, analytical expression is needed for steady-state stability analysis in order to reduce negative effects. Hence, two analytical expressions of THDI were obtained by two new different methods which are statistical package for the social sciences program and genetic expression programming. Eventually, two different methods have been verified by the Matlab/Simulink program in order to find out THDI and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. As a result of this study, it is observed that input current THDI of nonlinear load is too high at low irradiance. It is suggested that active harmonic filters should be used at low irradiance in order to produce better quality energy and avoid damages in the PV system. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

An elevation in blood pressure (BP) during exercise is the normal physiological response, however an abnormally exaggerated rise in BP, in terms of hypertensive response to exercise (HRE), is seen as a prognostic factor for end-organ damage and mortality. HRE is more common in hypertensive (HT) patients and data are lacking on the effect of antihypertensive medication on HRE. In this study, we evaluated patients who underwent treadmill exercise testing (TET) to reveal the effect of antihypertensive medication on HRE.A cohort of 2970 individuals underwent TET and data were evaluated for HRE development. HRE has been defined as a systolic BP210 mmHg in males and190 mmHg in females throughout the TET. To reveal the effects of antihypertensive medication on HRE, 992 HT patients were analyzed.HRE was observed in 11.4% (HRE was associated with gender, BMI and beta-blocker use in hypertensive with male gender and higher BMI associated with higher HRE, while beta-blocker-based treatment, either mono- or combination therapy, associated with lower HRE.

This paper proposes a novel framework for transition from the ordinary square-pixel-based image processing (SIP) domain to the hexagonal-pixel-based (HIP) domain (FTSH). The conventional image acquisition and processing are based on square pixels. However, HIP can provide promising advantages in many respects, such as degrading the curse of data size and accordingly reducing the processing time. HIP did not achieve satisfactory attraction because all software, including libraries, methods and structures, as well as mathematical operations and methodologies developed to date, are aimed at SIP. In this study, we propose a framework containing the corresponding HIP equivalents of some basic SIP methods and operations. In addition, the results of these basic operations in both SIP and HIP areas are presented comparatively. Since there is no common and standardized framework or library for HIP, this study can be used by other researchers who wish to enter the HIP. Simulation results support the competitive performance of HIP, and this promising performance can be carried far beyond when properly handled and focused.

Background: Rhabdomyolysis is a post-operative complication resulting from skeletal muscle injury during the surgery. The true incidence of rhabdomyolysis in laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy is unknown due to a paucity of evidence in the literature. Rhabdomyolysis can have serious short-term and long-term consequences for the living kidney donors. There have been a number of risk factors identified that may increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis. Materials and Methods: Our program has offered a hand assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy approach for our donors since 2001.We have performed 209 kidney transplants using this approach. The institution’s database was searched for postoperative complications. Three donor patients with post-operative rhabdomyolysis were identified. Results: All three patients were young healthy males. The operative times were all greater than four hours. Fortunately, all three patients were recognized early and received treatment promptly. Dialysis was not required and no long-term renal dysfunction occurred. Conclusion: Rhabdomyolysis is an uncommon post-operative complication following hand assisted laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy. We have a high index of suspicion for rhabdomyolysis to promptly recognize this rare but potentially serious complication after any operation lasting greater than 4 hours. Creatinine Kinase levels have been implemented at our centre for all living kidney donors. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2015) Vol. 19 (2) : 44-47

Güç sistemlerinde kararlılık, sistemin herhangi bir bozucu etkiye maruz kaldığı durumda ve bu etkiden sonra senkron generatörün senkronizmayı koruyabilme yeteneğidir. Güç sisteminde bu tür etkiler çok sık görülmektedir. Bu nedenle sürekli hal kararlılığı sistemin analizi ve sentezi bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada güç santrallerinde fotovoltaik enerji sistemlerinin kararlılığa etkisini görmek için iki farklı durum incelenmiştir. İlk durumda dağıtım şebekesinin bağlı olduğu sistemde üretim elemanı olarak şebekenin yanında senkron generatör bulunmaktadır. İkinci durumda ise dağıtım şebekesi ve generatöre ilaveten güneş panelleri gurubu da sisteme ilave edilmiştir. Böylece fotovoltaiklerin kararlılık üzerine etkisi incelenmiş ve sistemin kararlılık analizi yapılmıştır. Sistemin arıza oluştuğu sırada kararlı olup olmadığı ve kararsızlık durumundaki değişimler incelenmiştir.

In this study, considering a specific coal fired power plant, fly ash samples were analyzed in terms of unburned carbon (UBC) and amount of UBC in these samples were compared to coal volatile matter content. UBC which can be used as an expression to tell efficiency of power plants is basically reasoned by either coal properties or by the conditions of combustion environment in boiler. Coal combustion boilers are utilized in terms of their design conditions and they are really hard to utilize them out of these ranged conditions. That is why in order to investigate the effect of these abovementioned parameters, either laboratory scale or pilot scale combustion tests should be conducted. Briefly in this study, a period of same conditions of same boiler utilization of different types of coals considered, and different amounts of UBC in fly ashes were correlated with high or low amount of volatile matter content in coal. Obtained correlation between coal volatile matter and UBC in ash showed that volatile matter content of coal is dominantly affecting the coal burnout. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

In this study, a total of 26 hard coal sample (either clean or original) from Zonguldak Coal Basin (17 from Zonguldak, 9 from Amasra) and a total of 17 low grade Turkish coals from various locations in Turkey were collected. So, a total of 69 samples were analyzed initially with standard method of coal grindability, i.e. HGI values were determined. In addition, an alternative method (does not require a standard HGI mill) for grindability measurement was proposed in this study. The abovementioned alternative method includes a ring mill with specified conditions and Malvern Mastersizer. As regards to the procedure of the new proposed method for the determination of coal grindability, samples were prepared in the size range of -1.7 + 1.18 mm size group and they were ground in ring mill. Here, ring mill was chosen because of the fact that it is very widely used for sample preparation and it is very commonly available in every laboratory. Procedure proposed includes placing abovementioned specified samples in ring mill (See Material and Method) and having the samples ground in a previously determined time period. After this grinding process (with ring mill) they have rather different size distribution at the end depending on their nature of grindability. For better understanding, having the ground samples of (-1.7 + 1.18 size group for 20 s for 50 g samples) and analyzing their size distributions with Malvern Mastersizer, ground samples have different D10, D50, D90, D32 and D43 at the end. Comparing these size parameter results with previously determined HGI values, it can be claimed that coal grindability can be easily determined with this method, since evaluated HGI values with the method proposed are ±0.05% different than the determined HGI values. © 2019 The Society of Powder Technology Japan, British Association for Psychopharmacology, Author of this study would like to thank to coal producer companies for providing samples, and would like to specially thank to professors (Sait Kizgut, İhsan Toroglu, Dilek Cuhadaroglu), researchers (Baris Akkaya, Mehmet Bilen) and M.Sc. students (Erman Kıran, Cemil Emre Yilmaz and Alper Oktem) of Mineral Processing Division of Mining Engineering Department of Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University. Their contribution on this paper is highly appreciated. Authors also would like to express their appreciation to the BAP Research Coordinatorship of Bülent Ecevit University financial support, and coordinatorship staff.

Total harmonic distortion has become an important subject in power quality, especially after use of power electronic equipment and non-linear loads. Working of electricity systems smoothly and safety depends on the foundation of quantities such as current and voltage which are sinusoidal and 50 Hz frequency. However, these foundation quantities lose their sinusoidal characteristics because of many reasons and this occurs unwanted harmonics in the system.It is a highly preferred methodto use passive filtersfor reduction harmonic and to improve the power factor. The proposed power system is a combination of three-phase voltage supply, power transformer, sixpulse rectifier, passivefilter, and R-L inductive load. A six-pulse uncontrolled rectifier produces 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th, 17th, 19th, etc. current harmonics components. A passive filter is used to reduce the total harmonic distortion of the input current of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier. Power system is modeled by using Matlab/Simulink program. Simulation results show that both the harmonics are eliminated and the power coefficient is corrected.Before using passive filters the power coefficient was 0.6877, and the THDI value was measured as 12.71 % in the power system. After using passive filters, the power coefficient was 0.99 and the THDI value was measured as 3.591 % in power system.

Fotovoltaik (PV) sistemlerin cikis gucu, gunes isinimi ve sicaklik ile ilgilidir. Bu makalede, PV sisteminin cikis gucunun sicaklik ve gunes isinimina bagli degisimi incelenmistir. Ayrica, bu calismada PV panellerinin yaninda PV dizininin calisma prensibi ozetlemistir. Off-grid PV sistemi Matlab/simulasyon programi kullanilarak modellenmis ve bu calismada detayli calismasi gerceklestirilmistir. Ayrica, farkli sicaklik ve isinim degerleri icin PV sisteminin cikis gucu analiz edilmistir. Sonuc olarak, PV sisteminin cikis gucunun analitik ifadesi, Sosyal Bilimler Icin Istatistik Programi (SPSS) kullanilarak bulunmustur.

Local governments play an important role in the COVID-19 pandemic response. They can identify the local vulnerabilities and respond accordingly. In this commentary, we are examining the relationship between COVID-19 case and fatality numbers and provincial governments in Indonesia using correlations and data visualization. We use the public health development index, regional sustainable development index, competitiveness index, and their components as proxies for provincial government capacity and strength. We have found some evidence of a negative relationship between COVID-19 case fatality and death rates and various indices of provincial strength. The correlations are higher when we examine provinces in island regions, such as Java and Sumatra, separately. Some of our findings suggest that stronger provincial governments are a good defense against the pandemic. At the same time there are differences between regions, which is a concern in terms of all-of-government response to the pandemic.