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Some widely agreed-upon, official recommendations for professionals conducting psychological assessments suggest employing multiple symptom validity tests (SVTs) to screen the validity of symptom reports. Yet, SVTs are rarely validated in languages other than English, and no free-standing SVT exists in Serbia. To address this gap and stimulate further research on symptom validity within populations from the Balkans, we developed and tested a Serbian version of the Inventory of Problems – 29 (IOP-29). Following the same procedures used in prior IOP-29 validation studies (e.g., Akca et al., 2023), we administered the Serbian IOP-29 to 110 adult volunteers from Serbia. Participants completed the IOP-29 three times under different conditions: responding honestly, randomly, or by feigning a mental disorder (schizophrenia, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder). We examined the utility of both the False Disorder Probability Score (FDS), which is the chief feigning index of the IOP-29, and of a new index embedded in the IOP-29, which is aimed at detecting random or careless responding. Overall, our results demonstrated that the FDS effectively differentiated between feigned and honest presentations, achieving a sensitivity of 0.86 and a specificity of 0.96 when using the standard cutoff (FDS ≥ 0.50). In addition, the random responding index also successfully identified random responding, achieving a sensitivity of 0.64 and a specificity greater than 0.90 when using a midrange cutoff of T ≥ 67. These findings closely align with outcomes of Akca et al. (2023) and support meta-analytic literature reviews on the IOP-29. More broadly, this study advances and encourages further exploration of symptom validity testing in culturally diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated language and executive functions (EF) in people with transcortical motor aphasia (TMA) and Broca’s aphasia (BA). Participants included 19 patients with TMA, 19 patients with BA, and 25 healthy controls. Verbal Fluency tests, Stroop tests and Trail-Making tests were administered to all participants, and the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) was administered to participants with aphasia. Results showed that (1) both groups of patients with aphasia had poorer performance on Verbal Fluency tests, Stroop tests and Trail-Making tests than healthy controls; (2) participants with BA had superior performance on Stroop tests and Trail-Making tests, but not on Verbal Fluency tests, than participants with TMA, and (2) the performance on Verbal Fluency tests, Stroop tests and Trail-Making was significantly correlated with the performance on BDAE for participants with TMA, but not for participants with BA. These results suggest that EF deficits are present in both patients with TMA and those with BA. They also show that the relationship between EF deficits and language impairments in people with aphasia might depend on the type of aphasia, aspects of language, and the components of EF measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Serbian musical culture was put late into connection with the European one. The fact that the first piano was introduced in Serbia in 1824 indicates that cultivating Serbian music was not possible under the Turkish domination. The spread of Serbian music in Europe made it possible to publish compositions by foreign authors and Serbian composers, which drew attention to the themes of Serbian music. The compositions were printed and published in Leipzig, Vienna, Prague, Paris, Budapest, London. The tours abroad performed by Serbian choirs and soloists popularized Serbian songs all over Europe. In the first half of the 20th century, almost 80 European composers wrote works with Serbian influences. Most of the foreign composers, especially those who lived and created among Serbians, embraced the mentality and cultural and musical needs of a people whose melodic essence they tapped into, using Serbian musical themes in their compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metaphor has been established and extensively examined as one of the tools experts deploy to explain, simplify and transform complex scientific discourse into the knowledge suitable for the audience of non-experts. However, relatively little research has been conducted on metaphor scenario (Musolff 2006, 2016a) and its role in this process. Therefore, in this paper we explore how metaphor scenario is used to explain Covid-19 vaccines’ safety and effectiveness to the population in an understandable manner in order to speed up the immunization process in Serbia. By analysing a data set gathered from various Serbian electronic news media sources ( NovaS , N1 , Danas , Vreme , Večernje novosti , Mondo , Politika , Telegraf , Krug ) published from January to December 2021, we aim to explore (1) how the three metaphor scenarios, combat, container and movement, may help simplify complex scientific concepts in the pro-vaccine discourse; and (2) how the conceptual elements of these scenarios and their interconnected relations are used for this purpose. The findings showed that these conventional scenarios manifest their explanatory potential by means of several sub-scenarios, whose conceptual elements establish useful mappings relying on rarely used components of source domains. The results confirm that metaphor scenarios may be used strategically by medical experts as an apt explanatory tool to simplify challengingly complex scientific concepts to the general public. The paper contributes to current research on the role that metaphor and other cognitive instruments play in science popularization.

In this paper we discuss the emergence of novel agreement patterns of the bipartite reciprocal markers (BRM) jedan drugi (Serbian) and l’un(o) l’altro (Italian), both meaning ‘each other’. In Serbian, the most conclusive evidence of an ongoing change comes from novel case agreement patterns, where the first element of the BRM no longer agrees in case with the antecedent. For Italian, the absence of agreement on the first part (l’un) is understood to be a result of grammaticalization, accompanied by other symptoms such as semantic weakening. The major problems for this view are gender agreeing plural BRMs, and the fact that agreeing BRMs in general do not seem to be ‘less reciprocal’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Serbian dialects that allow the variation between infinitival and so-called ‘da+present’ complements (DPC) (e.g. those of Vojvodina), the verb hteti (Eng. to want) allows for three different kinds of complements, corresponding to its three different uses. In its lexical use, it takes an NP complement; the volitional modal version combines with DPC; and the future auxiliary takes the infinitival complement. Assuming different syntactic structures for all three types of complements, we hypothesize that they exhibit different prosodic features. The hypothesis was tested experimentally by analysing the preboundary lengthening and the behaviour of F0 as signals of different prosodic constituency reflected in the Prosodic Hierarchy (PH). It was predicted that higher units of PH will show higher degree of preboundary lengthening, as well as that the presence of phrase accents and boundary tones will mark the right edge of PhPs and IPs respectively. We recorded 10 students at the University of Novi Sad as they pronounced 10 sentences per each of the three uses of this verb. The data partially confirms our hypothesis, as the modal verb hteti (Eng. to want) followed by DPC lengthens more than the auxiliary and lexical verb hteti (Eng. to want), which are followed by an infinitival and NP complement respectively. In contrast, the F0 contour remains unaffected by these differences, and phrase accents are not identified in any of the uses of the verb hteti (Eng. to want). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both the Cyrillic and Latin scripts are routinely used for writing in Serbian. In existing ideological discourses, using Cyrillic is associated by some with Serbian ethnic authenticity and loyalty to nationhood, but by others with conservatism, Russian-leaning politics and dangerous ethnonationalism. For some, using Latin is associated with cosmopolitanism and a western-leaning internationalisation, but for others with an assault on Serbian heritage, values and tradition. In this context, with which script do Serbians today most closely affiliate and does established ideological discourse actually inform script choices? By seeing this affiliation as linguistic citizenship, the paper analyses survey data and metalinguistic explanations about which script Serbians choose to represent their own names as the most personal of identities. The data show that while some simply write their name in either script depending on habit, younger Serbians, and Serbians outside metropolitan areas, seemingly bias Cyrillic for ethnonationalist reasons as discourse predicts. However, especially revealing is that linguistic citizenship among older Serbians is sooner mediated by lingering notions of Yugoslavia and Serbo-Croatian as country and language that no longer exist but once indexed ideals of equality and harmony in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is a unique ability of human beings. Although relatively simple for humans, the ability to understand human language is a highly complex task for machines. For a machine to learn a particular language, it must understand not only the words and rules used in a particular language, but also the context of sentences and the meaning that words take on in a particular context. In the experimental development we present in this paper, the goal was the development of the language model SRBerta—a language model designed to understand the formal language of Serbian legal documents. SRBerta is the first of its kind since it has been trained using Cyrillic legal texts contained within a dataset created specifically for this purpose. The main goal of SRBerta network development was to understand the formal language of Serbian legislation. The training process was carried out using minimal resources (single NVIDIA Quadro RTX 5000 GPU) and performed in two phases—base model training and fine-tuning. We will present the structure of the model, the structure of the training datasets, the training process, and the evaluation results. Further, we will explain the accuracy metric used in our case and demonstrate that SRBerta achieves a high level of accuracy for the task of masked language modeling in Serbian Cyrillic legal texts. Finally, SRBerta model and training datasets are publicly available for scientific and commercial purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[rec. di] S. MARIJANOVIĆ, N. RADOSAVLJEVIĆ, Srpski glagoli. A Conjugation Dictionary of Serbian Verbs, Beograd, Klett, 2019

The Serbian musical culture was put late into connection with the European one. The fact that the first piano was introduced in Serbia in 1824 indicates that cultivating Serbian music was not possible under the Turkish domination. The spread of Serbian music in Europe made it possible to publish compositions by foreign authors and Serbian composers, which drew attention to the themes of Serbian music. The compositions were printed and published in Leipzig, Vienna, Prague, Paris, Budapest, London. The tours abroad performed by Serbian choirs and soloists popularized Serbian songs all over Europe. In the first half of the 20th century, almost 80 European composers wrote works with Serbian influences. Most of the foreign composers, especially those who lived and created among Serbians, embraced the mentality and cultural and musical needs of a people whose melodic essence they tapped into, using Serbian musical themes in their compositions.

Copyright of Srbski Jezik is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A newly (2023) published Orientalia series of the Lessico Etimologico Italiano brings much lexical material for professional discussion. In this author’s opinion, some Turkish words attested in Italian sources were borrowed via Serbian rather than directly from Turkish. That is to say, Serbian sometimes played the role of an intermediary between Turkish and Italian. Two such cases, previously unknown, are shown in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Verbum Analecta Neolatina is the property of Pazmany Peter Catholic University (Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Musical Impressionism is one of the currents that reflected the anti-romantic discourse of the beginning of the 20th century, having a resonance only in the French cultural space - where the preference for suggestion, for deliberately imprecise tone and nuance has always worked. Although musicological studies do not display very important differences in attitude when it comes to defining impressionist compositions, musicologists’ opinions sometimes diverge. However, taking into consideration the extent to which the comparative method and the stylistic analysis, applied to music, can be conditioned by subjective experiences, the discrepancies can be said to be almost negligible. Basically, the opinion is that the elements of Impressionism in the first half of the 20th century were the most marked in certain compositions by Petar Konjović (1883-1970), Miloje Milojević (1884-1946) and Stevan Hristić (1885-1958), and to a lesser degree (only in the case of a few parameters of the musical language) we can see them in certain compositions by other composers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research paper is to examine the joint effect of syncretism and syntactic distance on subject-verb agreement in Serbian. To do so, the paper employs one comprehension experiment, a speeded grammaticality judgment task. The task is designed to determine whether an attractor noun syncretic with the nominative plural elicits more erroneous judgments in environments of varying syntactic distance, those with either prepositional or clausal postmodifiers. The results of the speeded grammaticality judgment task point to an apparent joint effect of syncretism and syntactic distance on agreement. More specifically, there is an evident increase in the number of attraction errors with syncretic, as opposed to non-syncretic attractors in prepositional and clausal postmodifiers. This increase is greater with prepositional than with clausal postmodification. These observations are elaborated within the retrieval approach to agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses verbs of drinking in English and Serbian using the method of contrastive analysis of the meanings of the verbs in the corpus. The paper provides not only the analysis of the synonymous lexical relations among these verbs and their interrelations, but also the specific elements that each dictionary entry consists of. The analysis is threefold as it contrasts not only English verbs and Serbian verbs of drinking respectively, but also contrasts the verbs between the two languages in order to obtain contextually appropriate translation(s). The results of the analysis in the paper show the similarities and differences between the specific language usage of verbs of drinking in the two languages. They also show that the action of drinking in English and in Serbian is expressed using a range of different verbs that provide a more specific description of the drinking action, but that the conceptualisation of the action of drinking is similar in both languages. The meanings of such specific verbs of drinking have been contrasted and a proposal for one type/model of dictionary that would contrast English and Serbian verbs of drinking has been provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides a hindsight analysis of the recently published printed dictionary entitled Novi englesko-srpski rečnik sportskih termina [A New English-Serbian Dictionary of Sports Terms] (Milić--Panić Kavgić, & Kardoš, 2021a) within its theoretical and practical frameworks. The aim is to establish the extent to which the communicative theory (Cabré, 1999), underpinning the Dictionary, matches the principles of the more up-to-date user- oriented and digitally friendly function theory of lexicography (Fuertes-Olivera--Tarp, 2014). The findings of the comparative analysis of the two approaches indicate that the difference primarily lies in the focus placed on standardization with a prescriptive purpose in the former, and user-related situations and needs in the latter. Concerning the practical aspect, the findings of the evaluation process of the Dictionary, applying the critical framework of the function theory, indicate that it meets all requirements except the ones related to Internet technologies, which favor digital media. However, the printed medium has its justification in the fact that Serbian belongs to languages with limited existing corpora, which hampers a more intensive endeavor toward digitalized media. To summarize, the findings of the two analyses suggest that the Dictionary is in tune with the current user-oriented challenges in specialized lexicography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nasleđe is the property of University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to specify the definitions of two terms, bigraphia and digraphia, and examine how these phenomena appear in post-socialist countries. It is currently a global phenomenon to use two or more writing systems in one country, due to the spread of English and the Internet. Bigraphia means when the function and prestige of two writing systems (or two varieties of one system) are equal. On the other hand, when there is a difference in the function and/or prestige between two writing systems, it is defined as digraphia. The paper examines the combination of writing systems in post-socialist countries such as Russia, Belarus, Serbia, and Uzbekistan. In-digraphia refers to a situation in which variations of one writing system coexist, and out-digraphia refers to a situation in which two different writing systems coexist. A narrower sense of digraphia is observed in Belarus today: Belarusian Cyrillic-Т(BC-T) is used to write Tarashkievitsa and Belarusian Cyrillic-N (BC-N) is used to write Narkamaŭka. Out-digraphia is observed in Serbia and Uzbekistan. In these countries, Cyrillic and Latin scripts are used to write Serbian and Uzbek. Out-digraphia is also confirmed in Russian texts: It is commonly thought that only Cyrillic letters are used to write Russian, but recently the use of the so-called "macaronic alphabet," which is a mix of Cyrillic and Latin letters, has become common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Philologist / Filolog: Journal of Language, Literary & Cultural Studies is the property of University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Philology / Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Filoloski Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Philologist / Filolog: Journal of Language, Literary & Cultural Studies is the property of University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Philology / Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Filoloski Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Philologist / Filolog: Journal of Language, Literary & Cultural Studies is the property of University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Philology / Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Filoloski Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Methodical Perspectives / Metodički Vidici is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nasleđe is the property of University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstracts generally summarize key points of research studies, and as such, their main purpose is to attract the attention of potential readers. Thus, they should be well-written, concise, clear, and informative. This paper aims to provide basic guidelines for writing a good abstract in English, focusing mainly on linguistic aspects. Also, the paper addresses some common abstract-writing mistakes resulting from Serbian-English language differences that are usually overlooked or unrecognized by Serbian authors and available proofreading tools. The examples come from a corpus of 71 abstracts written in English by Serbian authors for the 11th International Scientific Conference Special Education and Rehabilitation Today in 2021. They illustrate some frequent errors, ways to correct them, and suggestions on how to achieve greater clarity and coherence in English sentences. Both versions (before and after the proofreading process) were analyzed. It was observed that sentences and structures in English abstracts were significantly affected by the rules, sentence patterns, and flexibility of the Serbian language.

Not only are the systemic differences of these two languages decisive, but also the ways of using language conditions in actual speech use are different. The present participle in German serves as a substitute for relative clauses, and when used as an attribute, it gets the number and gender from the noun it refers to. It also changes according to the adjective declension, so a noun can be easily made from it. The perfect participle in German serves to build complex past verb tenses and passives, and can have both adverbial and adjectival uses. Participles in the Serbian language are verbal adverbs and verbal adjectives. The structure and use of the perfect participle is not a problem for those who learn German, because the participle in the Serbian language is built on a similar grammatical principle. The passive is very rarely used in the Serbian language, so the German passive in the Serbian language corresponds to impersonal reflexive structures, reflexive passive, passive-participle or active. That is why special attention is paid to the passive forms in the German language. In the process of translation, it is important to remain consistent with the structure of the original text and not to deviate much. In fact, with the help of various literary analyses and reviews, translators can overcome many challenges. It is important to firstly interpret what the poet wanted to say and only then approach a certain translation task.

The paper discusses the derivational and semantic characteristics of zoonymous onomatopoeia, based on the imitation of animal sounds. According to their morphological and communicative features, these units are primarily interjections. Nevertheless, from other onomatopoeic words, zoonymous onomatopoeias stand out for their productivity and semantic and derivational characteristics. The methodology applied in the work includes the usual procedures for semantic-derivative research - analysis of the formation structure of derivatives and the application of elements of componential analysis in the interpretation of the semantic extension of the observed units. Derivative analysis shows that most of these units have the inductive ability to create derivatives. In some cases, the derivation is blocked, which can be conditioned by different causes. Motive onomatopoeic interjections form nests of similar content. The most productive is the formation of verbs, which take on an inductive function and form a whole series of new derivatives. On the semantic level, zoonymous onomatopoeias are mostly one-meaning words, but their derivatives, verbs and nouns, are characterized by polysemy, the basis of which is most often a metaphorical transposition from the animal to the human as a designate, which is often accompanied by negative expressiveness, which goes in the derogatory direction, although there are other examples by positive expressiveness.

English phrasal verbs represent a specific phrasal lexeme which typically cannot be transferred directly to other languages. In addition, phrasal verbs cover a variety of meanings, from literal to idiomatic, which also presents a problem for translation. The proposed research analyzes the translation options in Romanian and Serbian, pointing to the similarities and differences between the two languages.

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that literary reception follows the development of overall cultural interactions between two countries. To that aim, a comparison will be drawn between the reception of interwar English literature in Serbia and the more general framework of the stages in the two countries’ relationship.

Taking into consideration delicate nature of translation, and the fact that the process could easily trigger (both positive and negative) language transfer, this paper aims to shed some light on the status of the Present Perfect Tense in the process of translating from Serbian into English. Relying on the corpora of data comprising 113 sets of sentences, translated by students majoring in English, we tried to identify how frequent the usage of Present Perfect is. Apart from that – we aimed to determine which verb forms (tenses used in context) in Serbian eventually become Present Perfect in English and whether decisions of such a kind are consistent. The qualitative analysis proved the evasive nature of English Present Perfect; namely, it was shown that, despite some lexical hints used in Serbian sentences, the usage of Present Perfect was inconsistent. In conclusion, the paper suggests the implementation of collaborative teaching practices, with the goal of activating critical thinking, and contrastive analysis and thus improving students’ understanding, as well as their active usage of acquired grammatical notions.

Word associations are an important part of cognitive-linguistic and ethnolinguistic research on semantics. Associative responses to stimulus words provide important information about their lexical meaning. In cognitive studies, there is a vast interest in examining the connection between language and music. The aim of this research is to determine and compare the conceptualisations of music in the French and Serbian languages through the associative connection between the stimulus word music and the responses given by French and Serbian students. The conceptual organisation of the associative material will establish the extent to which the perception of music in the two observed linguacultural communities is specific, and the extent to which it expresses universal characteristics. The empirical material for the research was excerpted from two associative dictionaries of French and Serbian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria is the property of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria is the property of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the reign of Prince Milan Obrenovic, the Herzegovina Revolt of 1875 broke out. First of all, Prince Milan, who avoided being involved in this revolt, could not resist the war-like atmosphere in his country and declared war against the Ottoman Empire on July 1, 1876. Prior to the war, the greatest support for Prince Milan, who brought the Russian General Chernayef to the head of his army, was given by Russia. Especially Slavic committees provided financial and volunteer assistance. Russian people also provided financial and moral aid, and these aids were published in the newspapers, which was aimed to spread the aid to the most remote places. In addition, Bulgarian volunteer units were established, and necessary means were provided to reach Serbia via Hocabek. Although Romania and Greece were neutral in the war, they acted suspiciously. In particular, the Romanians permitted the voluntary transition in their territory. The Serbs of the Austro-Hungarian Empire also supported the Serbs. However, Hungary banned Serbs living there to go to Serbia. There were also volunteers from the subjects of the Ottoman Empire. Especially, the Russian Embassy doctor in Istanbul and the Plovdiv Consul took the initiative in recruiting volunteers. They secretly sent the Bulgarian volunteers to Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a contrastive analysis of adjectival as … as similes in English and adjectival comparisons with kao in Serbian, in which the tenor is a human being and the vehicle is an animal stereotypically associated with the given trait, to examine the extent to which specific groups and types of animals are used to express the same or similar human traits in the two languages. A total of 69 English and 39 Serbian similes motivated by animals were examined and categorised according to the meaning of the adjectives used for comparison. The analysis shows that they are used to express a wide range of human characteristics, including behaviour, prowess, state and appearance. Almost half of the English similes and a third of the Serbian similes refer to behaviour, and more than half of the similes in each category in both languages have a negative connotation. Wild animals are more often attributed prowess and power, while farm animals are predominantly seen with subservient features. The findings are indicative of and congruent with the important role that animals play in human language perception. Animal similes not only provide a colourful and creative way of expressing human characteristics but also reflect cultural attitudes towards certain traits and animals.

Language is a unique ability of human beings. Although relatively simple for humans, the ability to understand human language is a highly complex task for machines. For a machine to learn a particular language, it must understand not only the words and rules used in a particular language, but also the context of sentences and the meaning that words take on in a particular context. In the experimental development we present in this paper, the goal was the development of the language model SRBerta—a language model designed to understand the formal language of Serbian legal documents. SRBerta is the first of its kind since it has been trained using Cyrillic legal texts contained within a dataset created specifically for this purpose. The main goal of SRBerta network development was to understand the formal language of Serbian legislation. The training process was carried out using minimal resources (single NVIDIA Quadro RTX 5000 GPU) and performed in two phases—base model training and fine-tuning. We will present the structure of the model, the structure of the training datasets, the training process, and the evaluation results. Further, we will explain the accuracy metric used in our case and demonstrate that SRBerta achieves a high level of accuracy for the task of masked language modeling in Serbian Cyrillic legal texts. Finally, SRBerta model and training datasets are publicly available for scientific and commercial purposes.

In the present work we start from the epistemic uses of future tenses (simple and anterior) in French and Italian in order to determine the degree of correspondence of their use in the respective languages, and, in a second stage of the work, to determine their equivalents in the Serbian language. Examination of the theoretical considerations concerning these two forms makes it clear that in both languages the construction with the verb duty (It. dovere) is often concurrent with the forms studied. Therefore, the study of this construction has become a necessary part of this work. Based on contrastive analysis, we analyse the examples extracted from a corpus consisting of French novels and their translations into Italian, Italian novels and their translations into French, and Serbian translations of all the works concerned. The analysis of the examples of the corpus revealed the following: The French epistemic future has a different distribution than the Italian epistemic future, the use of the French epistemic simple future having disappeared in the contemporary language (and being replaced by the epistemic duty) and the French epistemic future tense being considerably less frequent than the Italian epistemic future tense. In Italian, the two forms of the epistemic future are still quite widespread. In Serbian, the future tenses do not have the capacity to express the epistemic modality, and it is the construction mora da followed by the main conjugated verb (in the tense to which the supposition relates) which has imposed itself as the most frequent epistemic marker, and compatible with all degrees of the epistemic modal scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the ways Croatian and Serbian daily newspapers wrote about the Covid-19 pandemic at its outbreak in 2020. The aim of the paper was to identify and describe metaphors in the selected corpus of texts in order to determine the metaphorical framing used in newspapers. This corpus-based research of media discourse was based on a qualitative bottom-up analysis that started from lexical metaphors found in the texts. The results of this study suggest that a whole range of metaphorical mappings is used to frame the pandemic in the media in Croatian and Serbian. The results indicate that in both languages the same conventional metaphors were used. The pandemic was metaphorically conceptualized as an opponent, as some kind of disaster such as fire, or war. Different elements of the metaphorical mapping were made salient and foregrounded, depending on the text type. The obtained results are largely in line with previous research on using metaphors to describe the process of dealing with diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the analysis how the features of dimensionality and directionality are expressed in French and in Serbian. In the theory of conceptual semantics (Jackendoff 1991) dimensionality conveys the geometrical properties of the ground and it is defined as a four value category - a point (0DIM), a line (1DIM), a surface (2DIM) and a volume (3DIM). The feature of directionality refers to dynamic aspects of spatial relations: the directed onedimensional line becomes the Path. Although on the syntactic level French and Serbian use different means to express spatial realations, French using prepositions, while Serbian possesses a rich spatial preposition+case system, both languages express the relation of the object to the surface (2DIM) and to the volume (3DIM) in a similar way. French uses the preposition sur to express the location of the object on the surface and dans in the volume. In Serbian too, the prepositions na (o, po)+NLoc/NAcc indicate the position of an object on the surface and u+NLoc/NAcc in the volume. On the other hand, there are considerable differencies between these two languages in the expression of puntcual and one-dimensional relations. In French the preposition à denote the punctual conceptualization conveying that the object is refered to as a goal and a landmark in the process of movement. In that way the french preposition à implicitely denotes the Path. Serbian, however, on the formal level indicates the Path and the goal reached in mouvement by the accusative. In that way, French and Serbian express differently the dynamic aspects of spatial relations, French using the punctual conceptualization of the ground, while Serbian indicates the goal by onedimensional Path expressed by the accusative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jezikoslovlje is the property of University of Osijek, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Srbski Jezik is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main purpose of scientific writing is to present objective information based on data and research. However, in English academia, it is common to mitigate one's claims and allow for other points of view by hedging. In this paper, hedges are explored in the post-method sections of 44 research articles (RAs) in the field of tourism and hospitality, written in English by English and Serbian scholars. A number of established similarities and differences regarding the frequency and use of hedges by native and non-native speakers of English are further discussed and conclusions are drawn regarding cross-cultural aspects of scientific writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Philologist / Filolog: Journal of Language, Literary & Cultural Studies is the property of University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Philology / Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Filoloski Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The two-volume collection of Klechdy, starożytne podania i powieści ludu polskiego i Rusi (Fables: Ancient Legend and Folk Narratives of Poland and Russia) by Kazimierz Władysław Wójcicki, a writer and popularizer of folk tales, aroused interest in Poland and among lovers of Slavic folk culture. K. W. Wójcicki wrote his book in the 1830s, in an era of strong Slavophile sentiments and under the influence of Polish Romantics from Lviv. The author mentions earlier research by Julian Krzyżanowski, Julian Maślanka, Ryszard Wojciechowski and Violetta Wróblewska concerning the collection Klechdy, starożytne podania i powieści ludu polskiego i Rusi. In fairy tales in the collection by K. W. Wójcicki, apart from motifs and content from the Polish folk tradition, there are elements from other Slavic traditions. The author analyzes the presence of Serbian, Slovak and Ukrain- ian motifs, pointing to the sources, methods of Polonization and the author’s styli- zation of Slavic folkloric motifs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Set in the contemporary public discourse about the Serbian language, this paper demonstrates how metaphors of and about language constructed with the source domains of violence and war (e.g., language occupation, language as battlefield, to fight for language) may serve nationalistic political aims and act as conflict-inciting messages, under the pretenses of typical language purism or 'language care'. The concept of pseudometaphor is introduced as a figuration-based discursive strategy whereby metaphors for language, underpinned by the language-language users metonymy, may serve as tools for covertly conveying controversial messages about their respective language users. The analysis covers public discourse published in a span of eight years (2010–2018), involving institutionalized language and political campaigns, and less institutionalized public language debates. As convergent evidence for pseudo-metaphoricity of the language-war/violence metaphors and their potential for instigating inter-ethnic conflict, the analysis includes critical voices that expose the dominant ideology through literalization of their metaphorical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]