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In crises, people usually experience uncertainty and seek information to solve and share that information. One of the recent crises was COVID-19. The present study aimed to study the information behavior (Information-Seeking, Information sharing, Media Credibility) during the COVID-19 crisis. A descriptive quantitative research design was employed. Data for this research was collected through a questionnaire from 1,073 Iranian individuals. Cluster sampling was used, and participants were selected using snowball sampling. The findings showed that the first three media to access information during the COVID-19 crisis were Internet news sites, social networks, and traditional news media (TV, newspapers, etc.). The first three media for sharing information were phone conversations with acquaintances and friends, groups in social networks, and face-to-face information sharing with acquaintances and friends. Also, TV and social networks are the most trusted media for receiving information among participants who prefer to believe the information provided by the mass media when they have a conflict in choosing between the information received between mass media and interpersonal channels. Generally, during the COVID-19 crisis, participants obtained more information from official and government information sources, but they shared information through social networks and phone calls. Also, when there is a conflict to choose between information channels, they tend to use mass media such as TV rather than personal channels. Also, in terms of orientation to information, they did not seek more information, did not avoid the obtained and existing information, and did not show apprehension.

Wildlife surveys are key to assessing the health of global biodiversity. Traditional field and aerial methods however have significant limitations, including high costs, substantial time investment, and potentially biased estimates. The increasing availability of high-throughput monitoring sensors in recent years has opened new perspectives for wildlife studies. Very-high-resolution (VHR) satellite sensors promise large spatial and temporal coverage while seemingly being less costly than traditional methods. Deep learning (DL) has shown increasingly impressive capabilities for processing remote sensing imagery, suggesting good prospects for imagery-based wildlife surveys. We reviewed all taxa and geographic area studies that use satellite imagery for wildlife detection, counting and surveys. Through an analysis of 49 peer-reviewed papers, this study examined the sensors and resolutions employed along with the methods used to detect, count and survey wildlife in various biomes. Results have revealed an increasing trend of publications. Mammals and birds are the focus of most of the papers, mainly in polar/alpine and pelagic ocean waters biomes. Visual interpretation is the most common method used for wildlife detection and counting while total count is mostly used for surveying. Most of the papers present a proof of concept to detect, count and survey wildlife. Technological advances are expected to enhance the spatial and temporal resolutions of satellite imagery, as well as image processing capabilities. Three main bottlenecks preventing the development of on-demand operational approaches for wildlife surveys were identified: 1) the business model of VHR satellite imagery providers is not conducive to wildlife studies; 2) satellite imagery is rarely shared; and 3) the training of multidisciplinary highly qualified personnel is underdeveloped. In response, this review presents key research priorities for advancing remote sensing for wildlife monitoring. They include wildlife-dedicated satellite constellations at enhanced spatial and temporal resolutions, increased data accessibility and sharing, adapted survey strategy, development of foundational DL model and multidisciplinary integration. We believe that progress in these directions will foster new survey strategies that are certain to revolutionize wildlife monitoring in the decades to come.

We report a 48 year old male who presented with diaphragmatic stimulation. The biventricular implantable cardioverter and defibrillator (CRT-D) was implanted two weeks before admission and active fixation lead caused perforation of the right atrial wall. Echocardiography did not demonstrate pericardial effusion but Chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) visualized the atrial screw helix outside the right atrial wall, penetrating through the right lung middle lobe. There was no atrial capture. After changing the pace mode DDDR to VVIR, diaphragmatic stimulation was disappeared. The atrial lead was repositioned and fixed again. During the hospital admission and after that the patient was well and free of any symptoms.

Confining stresses serve as a pivotal determinant in shaping the behavior of grouted rock bolts. Nonetheless, prior investigations have oversimplified the three-dimensional stress state, primarily assuming hydrostatic stress conditions. Under these conditions, it is assumed that the intermediate principal stress (σ2) equals the minimum principal stress (σ3). This assumption overlooks the potential variations in magnitudes of in situ stress conditions along all three directions near an underground opening where a rock bolt is installed. In this study, a series of push tests was meticulously conducted under triaxial conditions. These tests involved applying non-uniform confining stresses (σ2 ≠ σ3) to cubic specimens, aiming to unveil the previously overlooked influence of intermediate principal stresses on the strength properties of rock bolts. The results show that as the confining stresses increase from zero to higher levels, the pre-failure behavior changes from linear to nonlinear forms, resulting in an increase in initial stiffness from 2.08 kN/mm to 32.51 kN/mm. The load-displacement curves further illuminate distinct post-failure behavior at elevated levels of confining stresses, characterized by enhanced stiffness. Notably, the peak load capacity ranged from 27.9 kN to 46.5 kN as confining stresses advanced from σ2 = σ3 = 0 to σ2 = 20 MPa and σ3 = 10 MPa. Additionally, the outcomes highlight an influence of confining stress on the lateral deformation of samples. Lower levels of confinement prompt overall dilation in lateral deformation, while higher confinements maintain a state of shrinkage. Furthermore, diverse failure modes have been identified, intricately tied to the arrangement of confining stresses. Lower confinements tend to induce a splitting mode of failure, whereas higher loads bring about a shift towards a pure interfacial shear-off and shear-crushed failure mechanism.

Background and aim: Network analysis is an approach in social studies that draws intuitive structures as well as mathematical and computational models and is used in studies of various fields. The purpose of present research is to map intellectual structure of the subject categories of Iran's biomechanics field as an interdisciplinary field. Materials and methods: The current research has been carried out by scientometric approach and co-word analysis of Iranian biomechanics documents indexed in Web of Science. For data analysis, VOSviewer ana SPSS were used. Findings: Based on the analysis of data, five clusters were identified: cluster 1, biomechanics of body movements, cluster 2, tissue biomechanics and orthopedics, cluster 3. Corneal biomechanics, cluster 4, computational biomechanics and cluster 5 occupational and spine biomechanics. Also, through factor analysis, in addition to these items, the biomechanics of diabetes were also identified. The clustering analysis also showed four subject clusters, except for the lack of identification of Human motion biomechanics, the rest of the clusters identified in the scientific map were also recovered and in the factor analysis, 6 factors were identified, except for the diabetes factor, other factors appeared in thematic clusters. Conclusion: The areas that are more related to injuries caused to the body during work related activities, daily movements or accidents that lead to fractures and orthopedic injuries have been more attractive and important for researchers. Also, a significant amount of research has been based on computational methods.

Maternal obesity has been associated with short- and long-term risks of pregnancy-perinatal adverse events, possibly due to alterations of placental mitochondrial bioenergetics. However, several detrimental mechanisms occurring in the placentas of women with obesity still need to be clarified. Here, we analyzed placental mitochondrial features and oxidative environment of 46 pregnancies in relation to pre-pregnancy BMI. Seventeen Caucasian normal-weight (NW) and twenty-nine women who were obese (OB) were enrolled. The protein expression of mitochondrial CypD and electron transfer chain complexes (C) I–V were measured, as well as ATP production and oxygen consumption rates (OCRs). The protein levels of the pro/anti-oxidant enzymes TXNIP, SOD2, and PON2 were also analyzed. Despite no differences in CypD expression, OCRs were significantly lower in OB vs. NW women. Accordingly, ATP synthase (CV) levels and ATP content were decreased in OB women, positively correlating with placental efficiency, suggesting a link between ATP deficiency and placental dysfunction. SOD2 expression negatively correlated with maternal BMI, indicating a possible impairment of antioxidant defenses with increasing BMI. These changes were worsened in 10 OB women presenting with gestational diabetes mellitus. Overall, these results suggest alterations of placental bioenergetics in pregnancies of women with obesity, possibly leading to placental dysfunction and altered fetal development and programming.

The present study intended to examine ISC World University Ranking (ISC WUR) as an emerging ranking system. It draws on a descriptive-correlational method. First, the internal correlation held between the criteria of the ISC WUR was examined to clarify the representation of the total university score from each of its functional criteria in the ISC WUR system. Afterwards, the study assessed the extent to which the ISC WUR results diverge or converge at the general level and examined the similarities and differences between ISC WUR criteria and indicators results and those of Leiden, Nature Index, THE, and QS as complicated university rankings. The research sample included the universities ranked via the five global ranking systems in 2020. All ISC WUR’s indicators revealed significant and positive correlations with the total ranking scores of the universities. There was a significantly positive correlation between the ISC WUR and those of Leiden, Nature Index, THE, and QS.Moreover, the indicators similarly present in ISC WUR and other ranking systems were significantly and positively correlated. In conclusion, the overall performance of each university in ISC WUR reflects all the functional criteria of that university, especially the criteria of research and international activities. Besides, although the ICS WUR and the other systems have differences and similarities in methodology, the results obtained from these systems are similar to a certain extent. Nevertheless, these similarities are not strong enough to claim that the ISC WUR presents the same results as other ranking systems.

Context: The role of urodynamic studies (UDSs) in the diagnosis of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is crucial. Although expert statements and guidelines underline their value for clinical decision-making in various clinical settings, the academic debate as to their impact on patient outcomes continues. Objective: To summarise the evidence from all randomised controlled trials assessing the clinical usefulness of UDS in the management of LUTS. Evidence acquisition: For this systematic review, searches were performed without language restrictions in three electronic databases until November 18, 2020. The inclusion criteria were randomised controlled study design and allocation to receive UDS or not prior to any clinical management. Quality assessment was performed by two reviewers independently, using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed on the uniformly reported outcome parameters. Evidence synthesis: Eight trials were included, and all but two focused on women with pure or predominant stress urinary incontinence (SUI). A meta-analysis of six studies including 942 female patients was possible for treatment success, as defined by the authors (relative risk 1.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.93–1.07), indicating no difference in efficacy when managing women with UDS. Conclusions: Although UDSs are not replaceable in diagnostics, since there is no other equivalent method to find out exactly what the lower urinary tract problem is, there are little data supporting its impact on outcomes. Randomised controlled trials have focussed on a small group of women with uncomplicated SUI and showed no added value, but these findings cannot be extrapolated to the overall patient population with LUTS, warranting further well-designed trials. Patient summary: Despite urodynamics being the gold standard to assess lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), as it is the only method that can specify lower urinary tract dysfunction, more studies assessing the clinical usefulness of urodynamic studies (UDSs) in the management of LUTS are needed. UDS investigation is not increasing the probability of success in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.

Background and Objectives: Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) represent the first-line approach to pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFDs). Recently, studies have shown a synergy between the pelvic floor and abdominal muscles, hypothesizing that the anatomical and functional integrity of the abdominal wall plays a role in the prevention of pelvic floor disorders. Some studies have shown a significant correlation between diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Nevertheless, the evidence reported in the literature is controversial and based on low-quality data. The aim of the study is to clarify whether DRA-specific abdominal rehabilitation is needed in women with SUI after childbirth. Materials and Methods: All consecutive women who had at least one delivery and complained of symptoms of pure SUI that were urodynamically proven were considered for the study. The group of symptomatic patients was compared with a series of consecutive women, identified during the same study period, without any symptoms of SUI. In both groups, we measured the inter-rectal distance (IRD) with an ultrasound scanner above and below the navel. Results: A total of 102 women eligible for the study group and 100 women who did not report any symptoms of SUI were enrolled. The inter-rectal distance above the umbilicus showed no significant difference between the two groups (2.12 ± 0.98 vs. 2.1 ± 0.77; p = 0.94). In contrast, the data from the sub-umbilical measurements showed a significant difference. Surprisingly, the asymptomatic group showed significantly greater (0.98 ± 0.9 vs. 1.33 ± 0.87 p-value: 0.009) IRD compared to the symptomatic group. Conclusions: The study shows that DRA is not a risk factor for SUI in women after childbirth. Therefore, specific abdominal wall rehabilitation after childbirth does not seem to be indicated.