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Introduction and Objectives : The educational potential of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies has gained significant attention in recent years. Understanding teachers' willingness to adopt new technologies is crucial for supporting their integration into education. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of AR-based digital technology applications as learning media for improving martial arts learning outcomes in the Basic Engineering Materials course at the Faculty of Sports Science, Padang State University. Methodology : This experimental study used a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 62 students from the Faculty of Sports Science, Padang State University, selected through cluster random sampling. The subjects were divided into a control group and an experimental group. Data was collected using a pretest-posttest design. Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk and Wilcoxon tests in SPSS software. Results: The results showed a significant difference in learning outcomes between students using AR-based learning media and those who did not. The p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05) indicates that the use of AR-based learning media significantly improved students' learning outcomes at the Faculty of Sports Science, Padang State University. Conclusion: The study concludes that AR-based learning media are effective in enhancing students’ learning outcomes, particularly in martial arts education. This finding contributes to the development of mobile-assisted learning and technology-enhanced education. arts teaching

Indigenous people around the Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP), Indonesia, have a high dependence on forest resources as their main source of livelihood. This study addressed the vulnerability of Rejang indigenous people around the KSNP to climate change. The popular livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) model was adapted by adding and modifying subcomponents suitable for the study area. Primary data were collected through household surveys in two communities: Embong and Topos. In total, 146 samples were selected for this study using stratified random sampling. The results showed that Embong was more vulnerable to climate change than Topos. Embong exhibited a higher level of vulnerability to the effects of socio-demographic profile, social network, health, and natural disasters and climate variability, whereas Topos was more vulnerable to livelihood strategy, food, and water. Furthermore, Embong was more exposed to natural disasters and climate variability than Topos, but it demonstrated higher adaptive capacity and lower sensitivity than Topos. Nevertheless, socio-demographic profile influenced adaptive capacity in both communities. Sensitivity was influenced most by health in Embong, and sensitivity was influenced most by food in Topos. Although the vulnerability levels were not high in the two communities, several subcomponents must be specifically considered. Overall, this study can help the government make informed decisions to enhance adaptive capacity of the KSNP to climate change.

Deforestation in Indonesia remains a significant issue due to various factors. This article reveals the impact of demographic variables on deforestation, using oil palm plantation expansion as a case study. The study applies Hunter's model, considering population dynamics and intermediate variables, namely science and technology, institutions, policies, and culture. Through traditional literature review methods, demographic data and field research results from 2010 to 2020 were elaborated, focusing on Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. The findings underline that Indonesian rapid population growth drives high consumption rates. Additionally, the development of oil palm plantations is faced with high demand for CPO, policies that attach too much importance to investment, and agrarian deregulation. All these intermediate variables are visible through the agricultural expansion as a pattern of agricultural development. The massive expansion by private companies resulted in a change in the socio-ecological landscape. In addition, there are dilemmas in the villager's livelihood system, such as shifting traditional livelihood bases, livelihood dualism, the emergence of new vulnerabilities, and land grabs. In order to realize sustainable palm oil development, we suggest governance reforms at the global, national, and local levels.

The strength and conditioning program has emerged as a widely adopted, structured exercise intervention aimed at enhancing muscle strength, endurance, speed, power, flexibility, and physical function, all while mitigating the risk of injuries. Several studies, however, have assessed strength and conditioning interventions in general for sports science students at the university. Objectives: Therefore, this study aims to explore the differential effects of a strength and conditioning program incorporating a combination of Continuous Run (CR) and Circuit Training (CT) methods on VO2max, leg power, and agility applied to male and female sports science students. Material and Methods: Utilizing a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest setup spanning from July to October 2022, the study consisted of 8 microcycles (8 weeks) comprising 24 sessions, where each microcycle included 2 active rest days (recovery run). A total of 63 students with bachelor’s degrees in sports science who have recently enrolled as freshmen in the Faculty of Sports Science (n = 39 men; n = 24 women; aged = 18-20 years; mass (kg) man and women = 60 ± 7 and 51 ± 6, Height (cm) men and women = 172 ± 4 and 158 ± 3, and not trained athletes) were selected through purposive sampling and provided informed consent in the present study. Pre- and post-measurements were conducted using the Multi-Stage Fitness Test (MSFT), standing broad jump test, and the Illinois agility run test. Descriptive and inferential data analyses (differential pre and post-test using the Wilcoxon test) were performed using SPSS 25 software. Results: Our findings reveal significant improvements in VO2max and leg power following the implementation of a strength and conditioning program that combines circuit training with continuous running for males (from 35.76±5.94 to 41.99±5.35 and 2.175±0.23 to 2.30±0.25, respectively: P0.05 and 20.13 ± 1.17 to 19.89 ± 1.19; P>0.05). Conclusions: This investigation provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of an integrated strength and conditioning program using a combination of Continuous Run (CR) and Circuit Training (CT) methods on VO2max and Leg power, for both males and females. Although there were no significant improvements in agility for either males or females, there was an increase in overall averages. The results offer implications for optimizing physical performance and refining training protocols. Therefore, the combination of Continuous Run (CR), circuit training (CT), and Circuit Resistance Training (CRT) has proven to be a practical strategy for enhancing VO2max and leg power. This is particularly relevant for coaches seeking to diversify exercise variations that can be applied to sports science students in the future Keywords: Strength and Conditioning, Circuit Training, Continuous Run, VO2max, Leg Power, Agility, Sports Science Students

Kerinci Seblat National Park in Bengkulu, Indonesia, was gazetted by the Indonesian government, and its overlaps with forests occupied by most indigenous communities made their farming activities in the area illegal. People were prohibited from accessing and expanding their farming areas in the national park, threatening their livelihoods. The livelihood diversity index (LDI) and livelihood asset index (LAI) were used to explore the livelihood systems of these communities. This study also examines the effect of livelihood assets on livelihood diversity and analyzes livelihood strategy choices using Giddens’ structuration theory. A quantitative survey combined with in-depth interviews was conducted in two villages with different land types: wetlands (rice fields) and drylands (farmlands). This study found that the communities diversified their livelihoods into eight types of livelihood strategies. Almost all livelihood indicators were different, and the differences in livelihood asset indicators affected the LDI. As a process of structuration, communities have diversified their livelihoods into farm (e.g., annual and perennial crops), off-farm (e.g., farm wages), and non-farm (e.g., services and government transfer) activities. Rural households have modified their social and physical structures to secure their livelihoods by optimizing agricultural intensification technologies or by seeking non-agricultural income. Households decide whether to specialize or diversify their livelihoods based on factors such as the area of cultivated land, number of crops cultivated, distance of the farming location from the house, total household income, non-farm income, and reciprocal relationships.

Endemic leaf rust disease always occurs in almost all maize plantations in Indonesia. Furthermore, the development of this disease differs concurrently and is greatly influenced by the ecological conditions of maize cultivation. Therefore, this study fills the epidemiological gap of diseases that has not been conducted against the epidemiology of maize rust. This identifies the causes of leaf rust that attacked the maize plants in two locations, namely Bayur and Muang Dalam, Lempake, Samarinda, Indonesia. This study also analyzed the relationship or model between ecological factors of temperature, humidity, and soil fertility on the intensity of leaf rust and the infection rate of maize leaf rust. Measurement of disease intensity, the rate at which it developed, soil fertility and temperature and humidity of the area are conducted in this study. Meanwhile, soil fertility also influenced disease progression and the nutrient-poor soils in two sites cause leaf rust disease to develop well. The identification results showed that the cause of maize leaf rust was Puccinia sorghi Schw. Therefore, the temperature accompanied by the increased humidity is directly proportional to the development of the leaf rust.

Low basic mobility skills in children aged 5 to 6 years in the 2x11 Kayu Tanam sub-district are difficult. Whereas this basic movement skill is the initial foundation in realizing more complex movements in the future, such as physical activity and more specific sports activities. Basic motion skills are divided into two, the ability of object control and locomotor. One aspect that supports basic movement skills is nutritional status. This study aims to determine the effect of nutritional status on the ability of object control children aged 5 to 6 years in 2x11 Kayu Tanam District. The research method used is simple linear regression. The population in this study were children aged 5 to 6 years and samples were taken by random sampling with a total of 83 children. Nutrition status data is obtained through height and weight measurements and the ability of the control object using the TGMD-2 instrument. The results showed that there was an influence of nutritional status on the ability of object control children aged 5 to 5 years in 2x11 Kayu Tanam District with sig 0,000 = 0.05 and the effect of 24.3%.

Villages around Kerinci Seblat National Park (Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat, TNKS) have experienced population pressure. This condition which if not addressed immediately will encourage the community around the TNKS to enter and encroach the forest to meet their household needs. This is getting worse along with the finding that the community around TNKS also does not have many alternative sources of income. For this reason, designing strategies for optimizing household economic to lessen population pressures are noteworthy. Focus group discussion (FGD) and analysis hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to design and to determine development strategy for household economic empowerment and twenty-five key informants including fifteen farmer households were interviewed. The AHP results conclude that the production aspect is the most important that needs to be given priority in the development of plantation production. This conclusion is based on its highest relative priorities (weights), i.e., 0.298. Of the three programs identified and using weight result of AHP, community seed assistance is the most important program in the development of plantation production (weight of 0.494). The seed assistance program is the most important compared to providing soft loans (weight of 0.29) and expanding to production inputs accessibility (weight of 0.216). Meanwhile, human resource development aspects are the most attractive strategy for food crop production development, especially rice, with a weight of 0.325. Aspects of human resource development are more focused on improving farmer knowledge in cultivation than marketing and post-harvest handling aspects. Optimization of pekarangan resources is directed to the development of the chicken farm (weight = 0.274) focused on improving the production aspect (weight = 0.328). Among three priority programs, day-old chicken assistance (weight = 0.512) is more needed than access to soft loans (weight = 0.242) and feed programs (weight = 0.246).

Negara-negara di dunia memiliki bahasa tersendiri. Bahasa yang paling dominan digunakan adalah Bahasa Inggris. Oleh karena itu, Bahasa Inggris merupakan Bahasa Internasional. Bahasa internasional adalah bahasa yang digunakan agar dapat berkomunikasi dengan orang-orang di dunia. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang menerapkan Bahasa Inggris sebagai mata pelajaran atau mata kuliah wajib yang dipelajari oleh siswa/i dan mahasiswa/i. Mahasiswa/i wajib mengetahui bahwa mempelajari Bahasa Inggris sangat dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi di masa depan. Di era globalisasi saat ini, Bahasa Inggris dapat memberikan dampak yang mendominasi seperti komunikasi, pekerjaan, studi, dan lainnya. Namun, seperti yang semua orang tahu bahwa, mempelajari Bahasa Inggris tidaklah mudah. Banyak mahasiswa/i yang mendaftar kelas Bahasa Inggris untuk meningkatkan kemampuan Bahasa Inggris. Namun, ada juga mahasiswa/i yang tidak mendaftar kelas Bahasa Inggris tetapi, memiliki kemampuan Bahasa Inggris yang bagus. Dalam menyelesaikan penelitian ini, penulis menerapkan Algoritma yang ada pada Data Mining yaitu Algoritma C4.5. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah faktor “Mendengar dari Lingkungan” mendapatkan gain tertinggi pada iterasi ke-1. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam meningkatkan kemampuan Bahasa Inggris pada mahasiswa adalah “Mendengar dari Lingkungan”. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menentukan faktor yang meningkatkan kemampuan Bahasa Inggris pada mahasiswa.

Bengkulu Province has rice productivity that is able to keep up with Lampung and West Sumatra (Top Five in production and on top three in land ownership throughout Sumatra), although rice farmland ownership is relatively low (less than 0.8 hectares) ). The climate change issue in the last two decades has impacted a significant decrease in rice production in Bengkulu Province. The government offers the Cropping Calendar (Katam) program, a technology that is able to provide a various information related to the croping such as the prediction of the beginning of the rainy season, the beginning of the cropping season, cropping patterns, potential cropping area and others to overcome these problems and the City of Bengkulu has begun to implement the program. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of application of integrated Cropping calendar by lowland rice farmers in Bengkulu City and analyze the correlation between internal and external factors of farmers with the level of Cropping calendar application. The basic method of this research is explanatory with a combined approach (quantitative and qualitative). The results showed that the level of application of integrated cropping calendar innovations in rice farmers was low. Farming experience, knowledge about cropping calendar, communication behavior, and social strengthening are significantly related to the level of application of cropping calendar innovation in rice farmers.

Law No. 31 of 1999 in connection with Law No. 20 of 2001 regarding Corruption Eradication has included the unlawful element, in both procedural and substantive nature, when formulating the corruption act provision. In the legal doctrine, the substantive unlawful nature is categorized, based on its function, into two categories, namely positive and negative. The negative substantive unlawful nature is important to keep the spirit in eradicating corruption to not run amok, and to give protection to the actor, which is innocent based on substantive law. However, such criminal law policy, that accommodates substantive unlawful nature, has been declared as not legally binding by the Constitutional Court in its Decision No. 003/PUU-IV/2006 as it is considered conflicting with the legal certainty, which is one of the principles in the rule of law. Therefore, this research will analyze the above decision and the continuity in applying the negative function of the substantive unlawful nature to the corruption crime, which could be seen from the court decisions; and relates it, with the purpose of law.

Community capacity building is an effort to increase the ability, skills, understanding, attitudes, values, relationships, behavior, motivation, resources, and conditions that enable each individual, organization, network and wider system to carry out functions them and achieve the stated development goals from time to time. Based on this understanding, Bengkulu University through community service activities made efforts to increase the capacity of residents of Rindu Hati Village in Processing Superior Products. The method used in the activity was the socialization of a Home Industry Product (PIRT) permit and the introduction and practice of packaging superior products in the form of processed papaya foods and processed red picking coffee. The results of this activity show that there is a growing awareness that packaging superior village products and PIRT management are requirements that the products produced can be widely marketed to the community.

A study in addresing the resilience of the family structure of fishermen to the impacts of climate change was necessary in the context survival strategy of fishermen family. This research was conducted in the beach of Pasar Bawah, Pasar Manna South Bengkulu by using the case study strategy. Primary data was collected by in-deepth interviewing some key informant and participant observation some specific location.The research found that the impact of climate change experienced by fishermen were a tidal wave, a change in wind direction, extreme weather, the shifting seasons and shifting fishing area. The vulnerability of fishermen community were seen from the level of exposure, the sensitivity and adaptability. This vulnerability affected the family structure of fishermen so that they have to take action in order to survive and able to achieve resilience family. But the impact of climate change did not affected the family structure became disturb. The structure of family such as differentiation of roles, allocation of economic, political allocation, allocation allocation solidarity and integration were functional.

This research aimed to explore the household adaptation of Sekunyit fishermen to the fisheries modernasation in terms of livelihood strategies as a strategy for survival. This research was conducted in the Sekunyit Village, South Kaur District, Kaur regency by using case studies of two traditional fishermen households and two modern fishermen households. It is found that livelihood strategies both of the traditional and modern fishermen includes a multiple sources income, the involvement of family members, and applying their social networks and out-migration as coping strategy. The livelihood strategies conducted in the context of three vulnerability namely the vulnerability of ecology, price system, and single fishery resource were run.

This research aimed to describe the characteristic of fishing activities in Malabro Municipal, Teluk Segara District, Bengkulu city and to describe the pattern of patronclient relationship between wholesaler, vessel owner and fishermen. This researh conducted using qualitative method. Data collected using obsevation, interview, and documantes information related to this research. Thi result shows that fishermen are using three fishing tools, such as gillnets, payang and trammel nets. These fishing tools will be influence many things like type of vessel, amount of fishermen, and production sharing system. In patron-client relations between wholesaler and boat owner. Wholesaler has a role as patron and the boat owner has a role as client. Patron-client relation is mutual benefit. While, relation between wholesaler or vessel owner and fishermen hasn’t shown patron- client relationship but only shown relation of fishing activities.

This research is aimed at exploring level of household income diversity based on agricultural land typology and examining factors that affect household income diversity in villages around TNKS, Regency of Lebong, Province of Bengkulu. This research uses secondary and primary data. Respondents of this research were determined randomly as much as 400 respondents in 20 villages. Analysis method diversity used are F test and t test to infestigate the differences of household income and multiple linear regression to examining the factors that affect the diversity of household income by applying and developing Minot. et al (2006) model. Result of this research showed that there are differences of household income diversity agricultural land typology, eventhing the existing are not significant among typologies and the factors that affect the household income diversity are education of the head of the family, agricultural land area, and amount of main income household.

The main objective of this study is to determine the income and financial risks of freshwater aquaculture, especially tilapia. The study was conducted in Seginim, South Bengkulu, with consideration that Seginim is an area of aquaculture centers in South Bengkulu. Samples have been taken as many as 50 tilapia farmers. Data analysis was using quantitative and qualitative models. Approach starts from the calculation of operating cost, revenue, and income, and then the study of risk analysis approached by variance analysis. The results show that the income of freshwater fish farming, tilapia in particular, is Rp 59,512,743.75 per period of production per farming unit, and the level of business risk is quite high with the number of CV more than 50% (>0,5) and it has opportunity losing of income as much as minus Rp 7,127,386.37 per period of production.

Economic diversity has often been promoted as a means to achieve the economic goal of stability. Many empirical studies have also concluded that greater diversification in economic can reduce vulnerability and engendering financial development. The objective of this paper is to analyze the degree of economic diversification at village level. This research was conducted at twenty villages located around Kerinci Seblat National Park (TNKS) and determined purposively and surveyed. Twenty households from each selected village were selected using systematic random sampling method, so the total respondents were 400 households. Economic diversity at the village level was estimated using EDI suggested by Dewi, et al (2005).Research found that EDI value for each village studied varies from 0.20 to 1.00 with no village reaches 1.099, which is an ideal condition. The lowest EDI, i.e. 0.20, occurs in the village of Karang Dapo Atas and Karang Dapo Bawah, subdistrict of Bingin Kuning and the village of Ujung Tanjung II Subdistrict Embong Uram Karang. This value indicates that households in the village surveyed simply rely on one type of work, especially in the agricultural sector. This also means that not many households get into other employment sectors such as mining and or services/stalls/stores. By simply relying on agriculture as its main source of income, households tend to be vulnerable if there is a change in the agricultural sector, especially in sectors such as coffee and rubber plantations.

This study aims to understand the process, reasons for the actions of farmers and analyze the factors that influence farmers to switch commodities. The number of respondents is 46 farmers selected using Simple Random Sampling. Description and multiple regression are used in this research. The results showed that the commodities convertion is done in some stages. The main reason is that farmers are able to earn income from their initial plants while they wait their new crops starting to produce. There are three reasons that farmers switch of social, economic, and agronomists. Social reasons, namely, to see the success of a friend of 41.30%, follow friends 39.13%, and their-owned beliefs 26.08%. Economic reasons is the high price of cocoa 60.86%, continuity of production 100% and marketing easy in 93.47%. Agronomic reasons, namely cocoa seedlings are easy to get 95.65%, maintenance / cultivation is easy 89.13%, and easy in post- harvest handling 93.47%. The results of regression analysis showed the number of dependents, a price comparison index, previous farm receipts, the coffee plant age, perception of control of the commodity, ease of cultivation and post harvest simultaneously significantly affect the percentage of land area converted. While the partial factors of coffee plant age and the perception of the commodity rather have real impact on the land area converted commodities.

The research was conducted in two places; in Tunggang village and Padang Gading Village subdistrict of Sungai Rumbai, Mukomuko District, Bengkulu Province on February 5 to March 5, 2011. These research areas were selected purposively. Tunggang village is just exactly the same as the plant location of PT Bumi Mentari Katya while Padang Gading Village, as comparison village. The objective of this research is to examine the impact of establishment of PT Bumi mentari Karya on farming income in the communities around the oil palm plant. In this study, the palm oil farmers which are being sampled are 69 people. On regard with it, this study only performs with and without analysis; the initial state of the palm oil farmers (before the company) is described qualitatively which is Padang Gading Village as the comparison village and the state of palm oil farmers after the company is established. Income farming Crude plam more the after PT. Bumi Mentari karya means were statistically difference These results indicate presence of the oil palm industry PT. Bumi Mentari Karya Giving a positive impact on farm income of oil palm Tunggang Village.

This research is aimed to identify the local institutions as a basic for DPL-BM implementation, located in Sekunyit village, Kaur Selatan sub-district, district of Kaur. Qualitatif data obtained from Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Key persons who are resourceable dan knowlegeble in the term of local institutions. This research was done in February and December 2009. The results are (1) As a general the condition of Socio-Economics of Desa Sekunyit People doing the occupation Fishermen dan Farmers, especially rainfed paddy, (2) Local institusion which is existing Farmer Group, coopperatives, Fishermen group, PKK, and religius group (pengajian), dan (3) DPL-BM institution founded is the modification of local institution. DPL-BM consisfs of DPL institution for men, Nafkah ganda group for women. (4) Rural goverment back up the DPl-BM through publishing the village rule about DPL-BM.

This research was aimed to study about an agrarian conflict at Lido land. In order to get the comprehensive its meaning the qualitative approach with the case study strategy were used. The conflict explained as the dialectical relation among peasants in the one hand and the agrotourism company in the other hand. The conflict taken place with the support of local government to the company while peasants made patronize relationship with the NGO. The dynamic of agrarian conflict has meaning of capitalist penetration and the peasant resistency.

Estate small landholders of palm oil were developed by converting wetland area. This research was aimed to study conversion of wetland area into palm oil estate, to study palm oil estate profile of farmers, and to formulate the structure of estate production. This research used survey method combining with indepth interviews. Sixty respondents were selected using simple random sampling method and data were analysed using an analytical description. The finding of this research showed that land conversion occurs due to decreasing village economic under wetland agricultural system. Palm oil estate farmers profile differs between two villages, namely Pasar Seluma (Serawai ethnic) and Rawasari (Java ethnic) in terms of land ownership, productivity, and labour relation. Finally, the production structure were also significantly difference with wetland agricultural system in which the estate agricltural system close to the structure of oil palm industry.

The article describes community map by using socio-economic and ecological profile method in three communities at Toliwang, Halmahera Utara post-conflict. Based on the research, it was concluded that ecological capital have main potentially while social, money, physical and human capital need strengthening by assistance. The running of community empowerment has to be based on participatory and sustainability principal so that the conflict potential sources should be considered. They involve local power relation, ethnic and'religion different, institutional aspect, and land tenure.

Indigenous people around the Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP), Indonesia, have a high dependence on forest resources as their main source of livelihood. This study addressed the vulnerability of Rejang indigenous people around the KSNP to climate change. The popular livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) model was adapted by adding and modifying subcomponents suitable for the study area. Primary data were collected through household surveys in two communities: Embong and Topos. In total, 146 samples were selected for this study using stratified random sampling. The results showed that Embong was more vulnerable to climate change than Topos. Embong exhibited a higher level of vulnerability to the effects of socio-demographic profile, social network, health, and natural disasters and climate variability, whereas Topos was more vulnerable to livelihood strategy, food, and water. Furthermore, Embong was more exposed to natural disasters and climate variability than Topos, but it demonstrated higher adaptive capacity and lower sensitivity than Topos. Nevertheless, socio-demographic profile influenced adaptive capacity in both communities. Sensitivity was influenced most by health in Embong, and sensitivity was influenced most by food in Topos. Although the vulnerability levels were not high in the two communities, several subcomponents must be specifically considered. Overall, this study can help the government make informed decisions to enhance adaptive capacity of the KSNP to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background. The integration of Augmented Reality (AR) technology development became a trend in representing an application that can present virtual 3D objects in real-time compared to other technological applications. However, digital-based research was restricted in the field of karate. Objective. The aim of this research was to develop karate learning media concerning practicality, attractiveness, and accuracy aspects to enhance the learning outcomes of technical performance in the karate course for sports science students. Method. The research used the Research and Development method by using the Borg and Gall design, consisting of 10 stages: (1) Data Collection; (2) Planning; (3) Development; (4) Design Validation; (5) Design Revision; (6) Product Trial; (7) Product Revision; (8) Product Usage Trial; (9) Product Revision; (10) Mass Production. The participants included 7 experts, comprising 2 national karate coaches, 2 professors specializing in karate martial arts, 1 national karate athlete, and 2 media experts. Additionally, 45 sports science students participated in the product trial and signed an agreement form for this study. The instruments of this study included validation sheets for experts and questionnaires for product trial participants. The data analysis technique used SPSS version 25. Results. According to expert validation results, the development of AR-based karate learning media showed excellent results, which indicated an average validation result by experts of 90.6%. Students' responses to the use of this media in karate learning were very positive, with scores in small group trials of 85.7% and large group trials of 89.6%. Compared to conventional learning, virtual reality teaching was approximately 15% higher than traditional teaching. Conclusions. The findings in this study were expected to contribute to future karate learning. This was indicated by the high validation scores by experts and the positive and enthusiastic response of participants towards karate learning with the assistance of AR technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]