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1. Interspecific variation in the relationship between clutch size, laying date and intensity of urbanization in four species of hole-nesting birds

Author

Tomasz D. Mazgajski, Shelley A. Hinsley, Piotr Tryjanowski, Paul Isenmann, Virginie Demeyrier, Xavier Morin, Jordi Camprodon, Toni Laaksonen, Martyn J. Stenning, Philipp Heeb, Francesco Cecere, Erkki Korpimäki, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Mariusz Cichoń, Clotilde Biard, Ana Cláudia Norte, Mikko Mönkkönen, Indrikis Krams, Jacques Blondel, Janne T. Seppänen, Wiesław Walankiewicz, Christopher M. Perrins, Bruno Massa, Marcel M. Lambrechts, Arnaud Grégoire, Rianne Pinxten, Jean-Charles Bouvier, Mikael von Numers, Lars Gustafsson, Bruno Faivre, Claire Doutrelant, Hugo Robles, Luís P. da Silva, Tapio Solonen, Santiago Merino, Anne Charmantier, Anna Dubiec, Anders Pape Møller, Dorota Czeszczewik, Markku Orell, Bernard Leclercq, Alexandr Artemyev, Motti Charter, Philippe Perret, Seppo Rytkönen, Olli J. Loukola, Mark C. Mainwaring, Juan Carlos Senar, Tore Slagsvold, Zihad Bouslama, Raivo Mänd, Aya Goldshtein, Heinz Richner, Staffan Jacob, Jerzy Bańbura, Alberto Sorace, Ian R. Hartley, Jukka T. Forsman, Marie Vaugoyeau, Camillo Cusimano, Emilio Barba, Ruedi G. Nager, Marcel Eens, Iga Harnist, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Peter N. Ferns, Frank Adriaensen, Esa Lehikoinen, Sven G. Nilsson, Blandine Doligez, Cezary Mitrus, Anne E. Goodenough, Eduardo Garcia-del-Rey, Arne Lundberg, Andrew G. Gosler, Tapio Eeva, Carla S. Pimentel, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science (KarRC RAS ), Department of Experimental Zoology & Evolutionary Biology, Łódź University of Technology, Terrestrial Vertebrates Research Unit 'Cavanilles', University of Valencia-Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems [Annaba], Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Àrea de Biodiversitat - Grup de Biologia de la Conservació, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), University of Haifa [Haifa], Society for the Protection of Nature, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Institute of Environmental Sciences, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Department of Zoology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biosciences [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Department of Ecology, University of Oulu, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Department of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology-Institute of Human Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology - Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Rzeszow University, Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Animal Ecology, Lund University [Lund], Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC)-Institute of Marine Research, Centro de Estudos Florestais, Technical University of Lisbon-Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Didactica Research Unit, Institute of Ecology & Evolution (IEE), University of Bern, Evolutionary Ecology Group (GIBE), University of A Coruña (UDC), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Luontotutkimus Solonen Oy, SROPU, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Academy University, Funding from University Paris-Sud, FUNDAME and Xunta de Galicia ('Ángeles Alvariño' and 'Plan I2C' postdoctoral programs), FWO-Flanders and the University of Antwerp, project CGL2013-48001-C2-1-P (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation), the OSUOREME, the French ANR, and the ERC (ERC-2013-StG-337365-SHE)., Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems, University Badji Mokhtar, Centre Tecnològico Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, School of Bioscience, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba (UBMA), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Technical University of Lisbon-Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Vaugoyeau, Marie, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Vaugoyeau, M, Adriaensen, F, Artemyev, A, Bańbura, J, Barba, E, Biard, C, Blondel, J, Bouslama, Z, Bouvier. J-C, Camprodon, J, Cecere, F, Charmantier, A, Charter, M, Cichoń, M, Cusimano, C, Czeszczewik, D, Demeyrier, V, Doligez, B, Doutrelant, C, Dubiec, A, Eens, M, Eeva, T, Faivre, B, Ferns, PN, Forsman, JT, García-del-Rey, E, Goldshtein, A, Goodenough, AE, Gosler, AG, Grégoire, A, Gustafsson, L, Harnist, I, Hartley, IR, Heeb, P, Hinsley, SA, Isenmann, P, Jacob, S, Juśkaitis, R, Korpimäki, E, Krams, I, Laaksonen, T, Lambrechts, MM, Leclercq, B, Lehikoinen, E, Loukola, O, Lundberg, A, Mainwaring, MC, Mänd, R, Massa, B, Mazgajski, TD, Merino, S, Mitrus, C, Mönkkönen, M, Morin, X, Nager, RG, Nilsson, J-Å, Nilsson, SG, Norte, AC, Orell, M, Perret, P, Perrins, CM, Pimentel, CS, Pinxten, R, Richner, H, Robles, H, Rytkönen, S, Senar, JC, Seppänen, JT, Pascoal da Silva, L, Slagsvold, T, Solonen, T, Sorace, A, Stenning, MJ, Tryjanowski, P, von Numers, M, Walankiewicz, W, Møller, AP, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Antwerp ( UA ), Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science ( KarRC RAS ), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris ( IEES ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles ( PSH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Centre Tecnològico Forestal de Catalunya ( CTFC ), University of Lausanne, Jagiellonian University [Krakow] ( UJ ), Università degli studi di Palermo, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidad de la Laguna, Evolution et Diversité Biologique ( EDB ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre for Ecology & Hydrology ( CEH ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ) -Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Ecology & Evolution ( IEE ), Evolutionary Ecology Group ( GIBE ), University of A Coruña ( UDC ), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas ( CSIC ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Department of Biosciences, and University of Oslo ( UiO )

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Avian clutch size, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, urban heat island effect, 01 natural sciences, Ficedula hypoleuca, orthophotograph, Breeding phenology, orthophotograph, passerine birds, population dynamics, urban heat island effect, Parus major, 11. Sustainability, population dynamics, passerine birds, QL_671, Original Research, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Phenology, Cyanistes, breeding phenology, oiseau nicheur, Chemistry, dynamique des populations, Ficedula albicollis, education, Population, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecology and Environment, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, reproduction, Cyanistes caeruleus, oiseau, Nest box, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Breeding phenology, Ekologi, Parus, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, urbanisation, Environmental and Society, Ficedula, biology.organism_classification, populaatiodynamiikka, Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata, 13. Climate action, ta1181, Environnement et Société, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Zoology
Abstract

Marie Vaugoyeau [et al.], The increase in size of human populations in urban and agricultural areas has resulted in considerable habitat conversion globally. Such anthropogenic areas have specific environmental characteristics, which influence the physiology, life history, and population dynamics of plants and animals. For example, the date of bud burst is advanced in urban compared to nearby natural areas. In some birds, breeding success is determined by synchrony between timing of breeding and peak food abundance. Pertinently, caterpillars are an important food source for the nestlings of many bird species, and their abundance is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and date of bud burst. Higher temperatures and advanced date of bud burst in urban areas could advance peak caterpillar abundance and thus affect breeding phenology of birds. In order to test whether laying date advance and clutch sizes decrease with the intensity of urbanization, we analyzed the timing of breeding and clutch size in relation to intensity of urbanization as a measure of human impact in 199 nest box plots across Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East (i.e., the Western Palearctic) for four species of hole-nesters: blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), great tits (Parus major), collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis), and pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). Meanwhile, we estimated the intensity of urbanization as the density of buildings surrounding study plots measured on orthophotographs. For the four study species, the intensity of urbanization was not correlated with laying date. Clutch size in blue and great tits does not seem affected by the intensity of urbanization, while in collared and pied flycatchers it decreased with increasing intensity of urbanization. This is the first large-scale study showing a species-specific major correlation between intensity of urbanization and the ecology of breeding. The underlying mechanisms for the relationships between life history and urbanization remain to be determined. We propose that effects of food abundance or quality, temperature, noise, pollution, or disturbance by humans may on their own or in combination affect laying date and/or clutch size., E. Barba acknowledges funding of project CGL2013-48001-C2-1-P (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation).

Published
2016
Full Text
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2. Clutch-size variation in Western Palaearctic secondary hole-nesting passerine birds in relation to nest box design

Author

Anne E. Goodenough, Alexis S. Chaine, Martyn J. Stenning, Jacques Blondel, Shelley A. Hinsley, Philipp Heeb, Erkki Korpimäki, Olli J. Loukola, Anne Charmantier, Tore Slagsvold, Eduardo Garcia-del-Rey, Paul Isenmann, Carla S. Pimentel, Aya Goldshtein, Arne Lundberg, Jean Charles Bouvier, Andrew F. Russell, Zihad Bouslama, Ilze Priedniece, Jordi Camprodon, Janne T. Seppänen, Markku Orell, Alexandr Artemyev, Camillo Cusimano, Judith Morales-Fernaz, Peter N. Ferns, Vladimír Remeš, Juan Moreno, Frank Adriaensen, János Török, Xavier Morin, Ian R. Hartley, Ruedi G. Nager, Toni Laaksonen, Marcel M. Lambrechts, Christopher M. Perrins, Tapio Eeva, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Seppo Rytkönen, Luís P. da Silva, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Rianne Pinxten, Hugo Robles, Juan Carlos Senar, Bruno Faivre, Piotr Tryjanowski, Andrew G. Gosler, Tapio Solonen, Arnaud Grégoire, Jerzy Bańbura, Alberto Sorace, Staffan Jacob, Sven G. Nilsson, Heinz Richner, Motti Charter, Clotilde Biard, Blandine Doligez, Wiesaw Walankiewicz, Anders Pape Møller, Claire Doutrelant, Cezary Mitrus, Mikael von Numers, Raivo Mänd, Marcel Eens, Lars Gustafsson, Ana Cláudia Norte, Santiago Merino, Mariusz Cichoń, Mikko Mönkkönen, Esa Lehikoinen, Francesco Cecere, Dorota Czeszczewik, Bernard Leclercq, Antero Järvinen, Anna Dubiec, Wojciech Kania, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Indrikis Krams, Iga Góźdź, Philippe Perret, Marie Claude Quidoz, Mark C. Mainwaring, Jukka T. Forsman, Bruno Massa, Tomasz D. Mazgajski, Emilio Barba, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Department of Experimental Zoology & Evolutionary Biology, Łódź University of Technology, Terrestrial Vertebrates Research Unit 'Cavanilles', University of Valencia-Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Research Laboratory 'Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems', University Badji Mokhtar, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biodiversity Department, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis (SEEM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Haifa [Haifa], Society for the Protection of Nature, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Institute of Environmental Sciences, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Stazione Inanellamento c/o Dipartimento SEN-FIMIZO, Università di Palermo, Department of Zoology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Biology (Ethology), Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biosciences [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Department of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology-Institute of Human Sciences, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, The Lodge, RSPB, Kilpisjarvi Biological Station, Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Ornithological Station, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN)-Museum and Institute of Zoology, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Rzeszow University, Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Animal Ecology, Lund University [Lund], Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Centro de Estudos Florestais, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA)-Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Latvian Fund for Nature, Laboratory of Ornithology, Palacky University Olomouc, Institute of Ecology & Evolution (IEE), University of Bern, Unidad Asociada CSIC de Ecología Evolutiva y de la Conducta, Nat-Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Luontotutkimus Solonen Oy, SROPU, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Behavioral Ecology Group, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Academy University, Study supported by Academy of Finland (Project Number 265859), by the Spanish Research Council-CSIC, by the European Social Fund (programme 'Junta para la Ampliacion de Estudios'), by OTKA (Project Number 75618) and by Fundacion Alfonso Martin Escudero and Xunta de Galicia (Angeles Alvarino program and Plan I2C postdoctoral grant)., Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Antwerp ( UA ), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), Ecologie et évolution, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Unité Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles ( PSH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Forest Technology Center of Catalonia, Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Lausanne, Jagiellonian University [Krakow] ( UJ ), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Bioscience, Universidad de la Laguna, Evolution et Diversité Biologique ( EDB ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ) -Museum and Institute of Zoology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ), Instituto Superior de Agronomia-University of Lisbon, Palacky University, Institute of Ecology & Evolution ( IEE ), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo ( UiO ), Eötvös Loránd University ( ELTE ), Animal Population Biology, Animal Ecology (AnE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN)-Museum and Institute of Zoology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Møller, AP, Adriaensen, F, Artemyev, A, Bańbura, J, Barba, E, Biard, C, Blondel, J, Bouslama, Z, Bouvier, JC, Camprodon, J, Cecere, C, Chaine, A, Charmantier, A, Charter, M, Cichoń, M, Cusimano, C, Czeszczewik, D, Doligez, B, Doutrelant, C, Dubiec, A, Eens, M, Eeva, T, Faivre, B, Ferns, PN, Forsman, JT, García-del-Rey, E, Goldshtein, A, Goodenough, AE, Gosler, AG, Góźdź, I, Grégoire, A, Gustafsson, L, Hartley, IR, Heeb, P, Hinsley, SA, Isenmann, P, Jacob, S, Järvinen, A, Juškaitis, R, Kania, W, Korpimäki, E, Krams, I, Laaksonen, T, Leclercq, B, Lehikoinen, E, Loukola, O, Lundberg, A, Mainwaring, MC, Mänd, R, Massa, B, Mazgajski, TD, Merino, S, Mitrus, C, Mönkkönen, M, Morales-Fernaz, J, Moreno, J, Morin, X, Nager, RG, Nilsson, JA, Nilsson, SG, Norte, AC, Orell, M, Perret, P, Perrins, CM, Pimentel, CS, Pinxten, R, Priedniece, I, Quidoz, MC, Remeš, V, Richner, H, Robles, H, Russell, A, Rytkönen, S, Senar, JC, Seppänen, JT, Pascoal da Silva, L, Slagsvold, T, Solonen, T, Sorace, A, Stenning, MJ, Török, J, Tryjanowski, P, van Noordwijk, AJ, von Numers, M, Walankiewicz, W, Lambrechts, MM, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, European Commission, and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Avian clutch size, Nest box floor area, habitat, Nest boxmaterial, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Nest, biology.animal, nest box material, Nest box, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geographic location, Parus, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Latitude, biology, Ecology, Ecological Modeling, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, longitude, Cyanistes, Ficedula, nest box floor area, latitude, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Bird nest, Passerine, Habitat, Chemistry, Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata, Longitude, geographic location, international, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Hole nesting, natural holes, nest boxes, reaction norm
Abstract

Møller, A.P. [et al.], Secondary hole-nesting birds that do not construct nest holes themselves and hence regularly breed in nest boxes constitute important model systems for field studies in many biological disciplines with hundreds of scientists and amateurs involved. Those research groups are spread over wide geographic areas that experience considerable variation in environmental conditions, and researchers provide nest boxes of varying designs that may inadvertently introduce spatial and temporal variation in reproductive parameters. We quantified the relationship between mean clutch size and nest box size and material after controlling for a range of environmental variables in four of the most widely used model species in the Western Palaearctic: great tit Parus major, blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus, pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca and collared flycatcher F. albicollis from 365 populations and 79 610 clutches. Nest floor area and nest box material varied non-randomly across latitudes and longitudes, showing that scientists did not adopt a random box design. Clutch size increased with nest floor area in great tits, but not in blue tits and flycatchers. Clutch size of blue tits was larger in wooden than in concrete nest boxes. These findings demonstrate that the size of nest boxes and material used to construct nest boxes can differentially affect clutch size in different species. The findings also suggest that the nest box design may affect not only focal species, but also indirectly other species through the effects of nest box design on productivity and therefore potentially population density and hence interspecific competition. © 2014 The Authors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution © 2014 British Ecological Society., J. Morales by the Spanish Research Council-CSIC and the European Social Fund (programme Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios).

Published
2014
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3. Ecological and evolutionary consequences of selective interspecific information use.

Author

Hämäläinen R, Kajanus MH, Forsman JT, Kivelä SM, Seppänen JT, and Loukola OJ

Subjects
Animals, Phenotype, Biological Evolution
Abstract

Recent work has shown that animals frequently use social information from individuals of their own species as well as from other species; however, the ecological and evolutionary consequences of this social information use remain poorly understood. Additionally, information users may be selective in their social information use, deciding from whom and how to use information, but this has been overlooked in an interspecific context. In particular, the intentional decision to reject a behaviour observed via social information has received less attention, although recent work has indicated its presence in various taxa. Based on existing literature, we explore in which circumstances selective interspecific information use may lead to different ecological and coevolutionary outcomes between two species, such as explaining observed co-occurrences of putative competitors. The initial ecological differences and the balance between the costs of competition and the benefits of social information use potentially determine whether selection may lead to trait divergence, convergence or coevolutionary arms race between two species. We propose that selective social information use, including adoption and rejection of behaviours, may have far-reaching fitness consequences, potentially leading to community-level eco-evolutionary outcomes. We argue that these consequences of selective interspecific information use may be much more widespread than has thus far been considered., (© 2023 The Authors. Ecology Letters published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2023
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4. Foraging Bumblebees Selectively Attend to Other Types of Bees Based on Their Reward-Predictive Value.

Author

Romero-González JE, Royka AL, MaBouDi H, Solvi C, Seppänen JT, and Loukola OJ

Abstract

Using social information can be an efficient strategy for learning in a new environment while reducing the risks associated with trial-and-error learning. Whereas social information from conspecifics has long been assumed to be preferentially attended by animals, heterospecifics can also provide relevant information. Because different species may vary in their informative value, using heterospecific social information indiscriminately can be ineffective and even detrimental. Here, we evaluated how selective use of social information might arise at a proximate level in bumblebees ( Bombus terrestris ) as a result of experience with demonstrators differing in their visual appearance and in their informative value as reward predictors. Bumblebees were first trained to discriminate rewarding from unrewarding flowers based on which type of "heterospecific" (one of two differently painted model bees) was next to each flower. Subsequently, these bumblebees were exposed to a novel foraging context with two live painted bees. In this novel context, observer bumblebees showed significantly more social information-seeking behavior towards the type of bees that had predicted reward during training. Bumblebees were not attracted by paint-marked small wooden balls (moved via magnets) or paint-marked non-pollinating heterospecifics (woodlice; Porcellio laevis ) in the novel context, indicating that bees did not simply respond to conditioned color cues nor to irrelevant social cues, but rather had a "search image" of what previously constituted a valuable, versus invaluable, information provider. The behavior of our bumblebees suggests that their use of social information is governed by learning, is selective, and extends beyond conspecifics.

Published
2020
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5. Interspecific information on predation risk affects nest site choice in a passerine bird.

Author

Tolvanen J, Seppänen JT, Mönkkönen M, Thomson RL, Ylönen H, and Forsman JT

Subjects
Animals, Breeding, Cues, Female, Risk Factors, Species Specificity, Choice Behavior, Nesting Behavior physiology, Predatory Behavior physiology, Songbirds physiology
Abstract

Background: Breeding site choice constitutes an important part of the species niche. Nest predation affects breeding site choice, and has been suggested to drive niche segregation and local coexistence of species. Interspecific social information use may, in turn, result in copying or rejection of heterospecific niche characteristics and thus affect realized niche overlap between species. We tested experimentally whether a migratory bird, the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, collects information about nest predation risk from indirect cues of predators visiting nests of heterospecific birds. Furthermore, we investigated whether the migratory birds can associate such information with a specific nest site characteristic and generalize the information to their own nest site choice., Results: Our results demonstrate that flycatchers can use the fate of heterospecific nesting attempts in their own nest site choice, but do so selectively. Young flycatcher females, when making the decision quickly, associated the fate of an artificial nest with nest-site characteristics and avoided the characteristic associated with higher nest predation risk., Conclusions: Copying nest site choices of successful heterospecifics, and avoiding choices which led to failed attempts, may amplify or counter effects of nest predation on niche overlap, with important consequences for between-species niche divergence-convergence dynamics, species coexistence and predator-prey interactions.

Published
2018
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6. Interspecific variation in the relationship between clutch size, laying date and intensity of urbanization in four species of hole-nesting birds.

Author

Vaugoyeau M, Adriaensen F, Artemyev A, Bańbura J, Barba E, Biard C, Blondel J, Bouslama Z, Bouvier JC, Camprodon J, Cecere F, Charmantier A, Charter M, Cichoń M, Cusimano C, Czeszczewik D, Demeyrier V, Doligez B, Doutrelant C, Dubiec A, Eens M, Eeva T, Faivre B, Ferns PN, Forsman JT, García-Del-Rey E, Goldshtein A, Goodenough AE, Gosler AG, Grégoire A, Gustafsson L, Harnist I, Hartley IR, Heeb P, Hinsley SA, Isenmann P, Jacob S, Juškaitis R, Korpimäki E, Krams I, Laaksonen T, Lambrechts MM, Leclercq B, Lehikoinen E, Loukola O, Lundberg A, Mainwaring MC, Mänd R, Massa B, Mazgajski TD, Merino S, Mitrus C, Mönkkönen M, Morin X, Nager RG, Nilsson JÅ, Nilsson SG, Norte AC, Orell M, Perret P, Perrins CM, Pimentel CS, Pinxten R, Richner H, Robles H, Rytkönen S, Senar JC, Seppänen JT, Pascoal da Silva L, Slagsvold T, Solonen T, Sorace A, Stenning MJ, Tryjanowski P, von Numers M, Walankiewicz W, and Møller AP

Abstract

The increase in size of human populations in urban and agricultural areas has resulted in considerable habitat conversion globally. Such anthropogenic areas have specific environmental characteristics, which influence the physiology, life history, and population dynamics of plants and animals. For example, the date of bud burst is advanced in urban compared to nearby natural areas. In some birds, breeding success is determined by synchrony between timing of breeding and peak food abundance. Pertinently, caterpillars are an important food source for the nestlings of many bird species, and their abundance is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and date of bud burst. Higher temperatures and advanced date of bud burst in urban areas could advance peak caterpillar abundance and thus affect breeding phenology of birds. In order to test whether laying date advance and clutch sizes decrease with the intensity of urbanization, we analyzed the timing of breeding and clutch size in relation to intensity of urbanization as a measure of human impact in 199 nest box plots across Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East (i.e., the Western Palearctic) for four species of hole-nesters: blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), great tits (Parus major), collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis), and pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). Meanwhile, we estimated the intensity of urbanization as the density of buildings surrounding study plots measured on orthophotographs. For the four study species, the intensity of urbanization was not correlated with laying date. Clutch size in blue and great tits does not seem affected by the intensity of urbanization, while in collared and pied flycatchers it decreased with increasing intensity of urbanization. This is the first large-scale study showing a species-specific major correlation between intensity of urbanization and the ecology of breeding. The underlying mechanisms for the relationships between life history and urbanization remain to be determined. We propose that effects of food abundance or quality, temperature, noise, pollution, or disturbance by humans may on their own or in combination affect laying date and/or clutch size.

Published
2016
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7. Variation in clutch size in relation to nest size in birds.

Author

Møller AP, Adriaensen F, Artemyev A, Bańbura J, Barba E, Biard C, Blondel J, Bouslama Z, Bouvier JC, Camprodon J, Cecere F, Charmantier A, Charter M, Cichoń M, Cusimano C, Czeszczewik D, Demeyrier V, Doligez B, Doutrelant C, Dubiec A, Eens M, Eeva T, Faivre B, Ferns PN, Forsman JT, García-Del-Rey E, Goldshtein A, Goodenough AE, Gosler AG, Góźdź I, Grégoire A, Gustafsson L, Hartley IR, Heeb P, Hinsley SA, Isenmann P, Jacob S, Järvinen A, Juškaitis R, Korpimäki E, Krams I, Laaksonen T, Leclercq B, Lehikoinen E, Loukola O, Lundberg A, Mainwaring MC, Mänd R, Massa B, Mazgajski TD, Merino S, Mitrus C, Mönkkönen M, Morales-Fernaz J, Morin X, Nager RG, Nilsson JÅ, Nilsson SG, Norte AC, Orell M, Perret P, Pimentel CS, Pinxten R, Priedniece I, Quidoz MC, Remeš V, Richner H, Robles H, Rytkönen S, Senar JC, Seppänen JT, da Silva LP, Slagsvold T, Solonen T, Sorace A, Stenning MJ, Török J, Tryjanowski P, van Noordwijk AJ, von Numers M, Walankiewicz W, and Lambrechts MM

Abstract

Nests are structures built to support and protect eggs and/or offspring from predators, parasites, and adverse weather conditions. Nests are mainly constructed prior to egg laying, meaning that parent birds must make decisions about nest site choice and nest building behavior before the start of egg-laying. Parent birds should be selected to choose nest sites and to build optimally sized nests, yet our current understanding of clutch size-nest size relationships is limited to small-scale studies performed over short time periods. Here, we quantified the relationship between clutch size and nest size, using an exhaustive database of 116 slope estimates based on 17,472 nests of 21 species of hole and non-hole-nesting birds. There was a significant, positive relationship between clutch size and the base area of the nest box or the nest, and this relationship did not differ significantly between open nesting and hole-nesting species. The slope of the relationship showed significant intraspecific and interspecific heterogeneity among four species of secondary hole-nesting species, but also among all 116 slope estimates. The estimated relationship between clutch size and nest box base area in study sites with more than a single size of nest box was not significantly different from the relationship using studies with only a single size of nest box. The slope of the relationship between clutch size and nest base area in different species of birds was significantly negatively related to minimum base area, and less so to maximum base area in a given study. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that bird species have a general reaction norm reflecting the relationship between nest size and clutch size. Further, they suggest that scientists may influence the clutch size decisions of hole-nesting birds through the provisioning of nest boxes of varying sizes.

Published
2014
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8. Avoiding perceived past resource use of potential competitors affects niche dynamics in a bird community.

Author

Forsman JT, Kivelä SM, Jaakkonen T, Seppänen JT, Gustafsson L, and Doligez B

Subjects
Animals, Breeding, Female, Male, Seasons, Species Specificity, Time Factors, Ecological and Environmental Phenomena, Nesting Behavior, Passeriformes, Social Behavior
Abstract

Background: Social information use is usually considered to lead to ecological convergence among involved con- or heterospecific individuals. However, recent results demonstrate that observers can also actively avoid behaving as those individuals being observed, leading to ecological divergence. This phenomenon has been little explored so far, yet it can have significant impact on resource use, realized niches and species co-existence. In particular, the time-scale and the ecological context over which such shifts can occur are unknown. We examined with a long-term (four years) field experiment whether experimentally manipulated, species-specific, nest-site feature preferences (symbols on nest boxes) are transmitted across breeding seasons and affect future nest-site preferences in a guild of three cavity-nesting birds., Results: Of the examined species, resident great tits (Parus major) preferred the symbol that had been associated with unoccupied nest boxes in the previous year, i.e., their preference shifted towards niche space previously unused by putative competitors and conspecifics., Conclusions: Our results show that animals can remember the earlier resource use of conspecifics and other guild members and adjust own decisions accordingly one year after. Our experiment cannot reveal the ultimate mechanism(s) behind the observed behaviour but avoiding costs of intra- or interspecific competition or ectoparasite load in old nests are plausible reasons. Our findings imply that interspecific social information use can affect resource sharing and realized niches in ecological time-scale through active avoidance of observed decisions and behavior of potentially competing species.

Published
2014
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9. Active hiding of social information from information-parasites.

Author

Loukola OJ, Laaksonen T, Seppänen JT, and Forsman JT

Subjects
Animals, Female, Finland, Ovum, Passeriformes physiology, Songbirds genetics, Biological Evolution, Nesting Behavior, Passeriformes genetics, Songbirds physiology
Abstract

Background: Coevolution between pairs of different kind of entities, such as providers and users of information, involves reciprocal selection pressures between them as a consequence of their ecological interaction. Pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) have been shown to derive fitness benefits (larger clutches) when nesting in proximity to great tits (Parus major), presumably because they this way discover and obtain information about nesting sites. Tits suffer from the resulting association (smaller clutches). An arms race between the tits (information host) and the flycatchers (information parasite) could thus result. Great tits often cover eggs with nesting material before, but not during incubation. We hypothesized that one function of egg-covering could be a counter-adaptation to reduce information parasitism by pied flycatchers. We predicted that tits should bring more new hair to cover their exposed eggs when a pied flycatcher is present near to tit nest than when a neutral (non-competing) species is present. We conducted decoy and playback experiment in Oulu and Turku, Finland. First, we removed and collected all the hair covering the tit eggs. Then, we measured how the perceived presence of flycatcher or waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus) affects tits' egg-covering by collecting and weighing the hair brought on the eggs and photographing the nest 24 h after the playback., Results: Tits brought more hair into the nest and covered the eggs more carefully after flycatcher treatment, compared to waxwing treatment. We also found that the tits in Oulu (over 600 km to north from Turku) had more hair on the top of their eggs in general., Conclusions: Together, these results suggest that the counter-adaptation function of egg-covering against information parasites may be an extension of original function to protect eggs from low temperatures.

Published
2014
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10. Observed fitness may affect niche overlap in competing species via selective social information use.

Author

Loukola OJ, Seppänen JT, Krams I, Torvinen SS, and Forsman JT

Subjects
Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Competitive Behavior, Female, Finland, Latvia, Male, Clutch Size, Ecosystem, Nesting Behavior, Songbirds physiology
Abstract

Social information transmission is important because it enables horizontal spread of behaviors, not only between conspecifics but also between individuals of different species. Because interspecific social information use is expected to take place among species with similar resource needs, it may have major consequences for the emergence of local adaptations, resource sharing, and community organization. Social information use is expected to be selective, but the conditions promoting it in an interspecific context are not well known. Here, we experimentally test whether pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) use the clutch size of great tits (Parus major) in determining the quality of the observed individual and use it as a basis of decision making. We show that pied flycatchers copied or rejected a novel nest site feature preference of great tits experimentally manipulated to exhibit high or low fitness (clutch size), respectively. Our results demonstrate that the social transmission of behaviors across species can be highly selective in response to observed fitness, plausibly making the phenomenon adaptive. In contrast with the current theory of species coexistence, overlap between realized niches of species could dynamically increase or decrease depending on the observed success of surrounding individuals.

Published
2013
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11. Observed heterospecific clutch size can affect offspring investment decisions.

Author

Forsman JT, Seppänen JT, and Nykänen IL

Subjects
Animals, Biological Evolution, Environment, Female, Finland, Seasons, Species Specificity, Clutch Size, Reproduction, Songbirds physiology
Abstract

Optimal investment in offspring is important in maximizing lifetime reproductive success. Yet, very little is known how animals gather and integrate information about environmental factors to fine tune investment. Observing the decisions and success of other individuals, particularly when those individuals initiate breeding earlier, may provide a way for animals to quickly arrive at better breeding investment decisions. Here we show, with a field experiment using artificial nests appearing similar to resident tit nests with completed clutches, that a migratory bird can use the observed high and low clutch size of a resident competing bird species to increase and decrease clutch size and egg mass, accordingly. Our results demonstrate that songbirds can discriminate between high and low quantity of heterospecific eggs, and that social information can have long-term physiological consequences affecting reproductive strategies. Such behaviour may help animals to better adapt to changing environments and lead to convergent traits with competitors.

Published
2012
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13. New behavioural trait adopted or rejected by observing heterospecific tutor fitness.

Author

Seppänen JT, Forsman JT, Mönkkönen M, Krams I, and Salmi T

Subjects
Animals, Choice Behavior, Female, Social Environment, Adaptation, Physiological, Imitative Behavior, Nesting Behavior, Passeriformes physiology
Abstract

Animals can acquire behaviours from others, including heterospecifics, but should be discriminating in when and whom to copy. Successful individuals should be preferred as tutors, while adopting traits of poorly performing individuals should be actively avoided. Thus far it is unknown if such adaptive strategies are involved when individuals copy other species. Furthermore, rejection of traits based on tutor characteristics (negative bias) has not been shown in any non-human animal. Here we test whether a choice between two new, neutral behavioural alternatives-breeding-sites with alternative geometric symbols-is affected by observing the choice and fitness of a heterospecific tutor. A field experiment replicated in four different areas shows that the proportion of pied flycatcher females matching the choice of the tit tutor consistently increased with increasing number of offspring in the tit nest, to the extent of nearly complete prevalence in one of the areas when tit fitness was highest. Notably, all four replicates demonstrate rejection of the behaviour of lowest-fitness tutors. The results demonstrate both acquisition and avoidance of heterospecific behavioural traits, based on the perceived (lack of) tutor fitness. This has potential implications for understanding the origin, diversity and local adaptations of behavioural traits, and niche overlap/partitioning and species co-occurrence.

Published
2011
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14. Interspecific social learning: novel preference can be acquired from a competing species.

Author

Seppänen JT and Forsman JT

Subjects
Animals, Ecosystem, Female, Imitative Behavior, Learning, Nesting Behavior, Social Behavior, Songbirds
Abstract

Nongenetic transmission of behavioral traits via social learning allows local traditions in humans, and, controversially, in other animals [1-4]. Social learning is usually studied as an intraspecific phenomenon (but see [5-7]). However, other species with some overlap in ecology can be more than merely potential competitors: prior settlement and longer residence can render them preferable sources of information [8]. Socially induced acquisition of choices or preferences capitalizes upon the knowledge of presumably better-informed individuals [9] and should be adaptive under many natural circumstances [10, 11]. Here we show with a field experiment that females of two migrant flycatcher species can acquire a novel, arbitrary preference of competing resident tits for a symbol attached to the nest sites. The experiment demonstrates that such blind acquisition of heterospecific traits can occur in the wild. Even though genetic variation for habitat preferences exists in many taxa [12] and overlap between bird species likely induces costs [13], this result shows that interspecific social learning can cause increased overlap in nest-site preferences. Conventional, negative species interactions push ecological niches of species apart, but the use of competing species as a source of information counters that force and may lead to convergence.

Published
2007
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15. Social information use is a process across time, space, and ecology, reaching heterospecifics.

Author

Seppänen JT, Forsman JT, Mönkkönen M, and Thomson RL

Subjects
Animals, Behavior, Animal, Competitive Behavior, Ecosystem, Humans, Learning, Choice Behavior, Social Behavior, Social Environment
Abstract

Decision making can be facilitated by observing other individuals faced with the same or similar problem, and recent research suggests that this social information use is a widespread phenomenon. Implications of this are diverse and profound: for example, social information use may trigger cultural evolution, affect distribution and dispersal of populations, and involve intriguing cognitive traits. We emphasize here that social information use is a process consisting of the scenes of (1) event, (2) observation, (3) decision, and (4) consequence, where the initial event is a scene in such a process of another individual. This helps to construct a sound conceptual framework for measuring and studying social information use. Importantly, the potential value of social information is affected by the distance in time, space, and ecology between the initial observation and eventual consequence of a decision. Because negative interactions between individuals (such as direct and apparent competition) also depend on the distance between individuals along these dimensions, the potential value of information and the negative interactions may form a trade-off situation. Optimal solutions to this trade-off can result in adaptively extended social information use, where using information gathered some time ago, some distance away, and from ecologically different individuals is preferred. Conceivably, using information gathered from a heterospecific individual might often be optimal. Many recent studies demonstrate that social information use does occur between species, and the first review of published cases is provided here. Such interaction between species, especially in habitat selection, has important consequences for community ecology and conservation. Adaptively extended social information use may also be an important evolutionary force in guild formation. Complex coevolutionary patterns may result depending on the effect of information use on the provider of information.

Published
2007
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16. Contamination of raw milk by Listeria monocytogenes on dairy farms.

Author

Husu JR, Seppänen JT, Sivelä SK, and Rauramaa AL

Subjects
Animal Feed, Animals, Cattle, Feces microbiology, Female, Housing, Animal, Mammary Glands, Animal microbiology, Food Microbiology, Listeria monocytogenes isolation & purification, Milk microbiology
Abstract

Possible sources of exogenous contamination of raw milk by Listeria monocytogenes were examined on four dairy farms of different size and type of animal housing during morning milking. Feeds, including hay and concentrates, were found to be major sources of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic species of Listeria on the barns. L. innocua was the only species isolated from the grass silage, which was of good quality on all the farms. The numbers of Listeria were below 10(2)/g in all feed samples. Fecal shedding of listeriae was detected in 11.9% of the cows and the prevalences of L. monocytogenes among farms ranged from no detections to 8.7%. The number of Listeria isolations from constructions inside the barns and from the milking environment varied between the farms. Listeriae were detected almost everywhere on one of the farms whereas on another farm the only isolations were from feed passages and floors. 13.6% of the swab samples taken from the teats before washing and drying were Listeria positive, whereas no isolations were made after cleaning the udder. Good milking and barn hygiene is considered important for diminishing the risks of exogenous contamination of raw milk by listeriae.

Published
1990
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