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Recently, various character recognition techniques are advanced and used a lot in real situations. In the real complex situation, it is difficult to recognize characters because of Korean, English of various fonts and background noise. In this paper, we shall present character bounding box module, character recognition module and background elimination module to solve problems. We shall show that the character recognition platform is used in complex situations.

In Message Oriented Middleware are composed of semiautonomous, heterogeneous, and independently designed next generation framework. For described to achieve successful operation of such a system, the activities of the message controlling the subsystems have to be coordinated. In addition, each layer applications can require synchronizes on events relative to message availability. A common way to proceed is to implement polling strategies within the distributed components, which leads to an increase of the load in the overall system. This approach are than describe a different based on informing using oriented message queuing. The message queuing processing of this technology in the multi business domain distributed system has been exercised.

The NAND flash memory has been attracting attention as anext-generation storage devicesuitable for a ubiquitous mobile environment due to its characteristics of having low power and fast access speed as compared to the other types of flash memory. In particular, flash memory is being used in many fields, such as memory for a small mobile device and a large-capacity memory like SSD (solid state disk), and many researches are being actively done for the effective utilization. However, the NAND flash memory-based storage device has unique hardware features, such erasing before writing based on the B-tree index structure, which causes degradation when writing requests are made repetitively.In order to address such problem, this paper proposes an improved technique for the NAND flash memory-based failure recovery by using the LA tree. The performance of the proposed technique has been evaluatedin comparison to the existing technique and it was found that the proposed technique resulted in 50% improved performance as compared to the existing technique.

As compared to other types of flash memory, NAND flash memory is attracting attention as the next generation storage device for its low power use and fast access speed, which make it suitable for ubiquitous and mobile environment. In particular, flash memory is being used in storage devices in many fields, including the memory system of small mobile devices, as well as SSD (solid state disk) of large memory. Active research is underway for the efficient use of flash memory. However, NAND flash memory based storage devices exhibit unique hardware characteristics, such as erasing structure, and the B-tree index structure causes performance degradation when repeated writing requests are made. In order to enhance these problems, the present paper proposes to use NAND flash memory-based failure recovery improvement technique using the T*-tree. After conducting performance evaluation of the proposed technique and the existing technique, the proposed technique was found to be more efficient in its performance by 69%, compared to the existing technique.

BACKGROUND: The urgency of feeding the world’s growing population while combating soil pollution, salinization and desertification requires suitable biotechnology not only to improve crop productivity but also to improve soil health through interactions of soil nutrient and soil microorganism. Interest in the utilization of microbial fertilizer has increased. A principle of nature farming is to produce abundant and healthy crops without using chemical fertilizer and pesticides, and without interrupting the natural ecosystem. Beneficial microorganisms may provide supplemental nutrients in the soil, promote crop growth, and enhance plant resistance against pathogenic microorganisms. We mixed beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus sp. Han-5 with anti-fungal activities, Trichoderma harziaum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum with organic material degrading activity, Actinomycetes bovis with antibiotic production Furthermore, the growth and yield of cucumber and lettuce and Pseudomonas sp. with nitrogen fixation. This study was carried out to investigate the mixtures on the soil microflora and soil chemical properties and the effect on the growth of lettuce and cucumber under greenhouse conditions.METHODS AND RESULTS: The microbial mixtures were used with each of organic fertilizer, swine manure and organic+swine manure and compared in regard to changes in soil chemical properties, soil microflora properties and crop growth. At 50 days after the treatment of microorganism mixtures, the pH improved from 5.8 to 6.3, and the EC, NO

In a recent mobile computing environment, the research for a transaction model have been actively carried out to deal with real-time transaction. However, the research for recovery model is relatively insufficient. Therefore, it would be very important for mobile recovery methods for database stability, just in case of data loss due to hand-off in mobile computing system. So, further efficient research should be keenly done to reduce I/O hand-off in mobile computing systems. SLL method increases I/O time due to sequential file. This paper have been suggested to efficient mobile recovery method in mobile computing system. Finally, it has been clearly demonstrated for system efficiency, conducting the performance assessment that currently proposed recovery system. Key Words : Mobile, Model, Transaction, Algorithm, Recovery, Database * Corresponding Author : Sung-Je ChoTel: +82-10-3668-9861 email: chosj715@yahoo.co.kr접수일 12년 09월 10일 수정일 (1차 12년 09월 26일, 2차 12년 10월 04일, 3차 12년 10월 09일) 게재확정일 12년 10월 11일

This study was investigated for the purpose of the isolation and identification of antagonistic bacteria with antifungal activity against plant pathogens. This bacteria denominated Bacillus subtilis KYS-10 and the optimum growth condition were 4% sucrose, 1% yeast extract, 0.2% , pH 7, 150 rpm, , 8 day. The antifungal activities against nine plant pathogens determined inhibition zone size by diffusion methods. The results, G. zeae (scab) 70 mm and P. grisea KACC 40439 (blast), P. capsici KACC 40177 (phytophthora blight) and C. destructans KACC 41077 (root rot of ginseng) 40~43 mm, and C. gloeosporioides KACC 43520 (ripe rot), C. gloesporioides KACC 40003 (anthracnose), S. shiraiana KACC 41065 (stem rot) and S. shiraiana (mulberry sclerotial disease) 35~39 mm and F. Oxysporum KACC 44452 (bulb rot of ginseng) 28 mm. From these experiment results, author suggest that Bacillus subtilis KYS-10 would be developed as a biological control agent thorough the field experimet in the near future.

This study was conducted to investigate impacts of soil properties on microbial distribution in Jeonbuk orchard fields. Soil samples were collected from 110 sites cultivated with different fruit plants. The population of aerobic bacteria and fungi and the content of soil microbial biomass carbon (C) were found to increase with increasing silt content in the soils. Different activity of dehydrogenase was not observed among the different textures of soil. Microbial distribution, amount of microbial biomass C, and dehydrogenase activity in the soils were not significantly different among the topographic sites. However, in pear and grape fruit plant fields, coliform group of bacteria was found in relatively higher population, 133.0x10 3 CFU g -1 and 107.4x10 3 CFU g -1 , respectively. Microbial groups were simplified and their density was reduced with increasing the cultivation periods of fruit plants. The soil microbial distribution was proportionally correlated with some of soil properties such as soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM) content, and exchangeable Mg content; in particular, the population of Bacillus sp. was proportionally correlated with soil pH and exchangeable Mg content. The amounts of microbial biomass C and the dehydrogenase activity in the soils were significantly correlated with the contents of SOM and exchangeable Ca ion (p

This study was conducted to reduce the dependability of farmers on chemical fertilizers for rice cultivation. Soil chemical and biological properties were monitored before experiment and at the time of harvesting. The results showed that EC, available SiO2, and exchangeable Ca 2+ were decreased at the time of harvesting while pH, OM, and exchangeable K + and Mg 2+ were remain unchanged, compared with soil before experiment. Population of aerobic bacteria, Bacillus sp., and fungi were also increased at the time of harvesting in the paddy field, compared with before fertilization, in the treatment of 50% soil-testing fertilizer + 50% compost. Concentrations of N, P, and K in rice leaves increased with the fertilizers application, maximum increase was recorded in 50% soil-testing fertilizer + 50% compost. Non-significant difference was observed in the morphological parameters of rice among the treatments. The chlorophyll contents of rice leaf increased in a similar fashion up to 60 days, thereafter, sharp decrease was observed in all the treatments. Maximum yield (per 10a) was recorded in the field treated with 50% soil-testing fertilizer + 50% compost followed by standard applied fertilizer, 70% soil-testing fertilizer + 30% compost, soil-testing fertilizer and unfertilized plot. Amylose content showed non-significant difference within the treatments. Protein content increased with the use of fertilizers and best protein content was recorded in the treatment of 50% soil-testing fertilizer + 50% compost. It was concluded that the amount of the chemical fertilizer used was directly proportional to the protein content of rice grain. However, the palatability of rice grown in unfertilized field was better than the treatments but minimum yield was obtained. Hence, the treatment of 50% soil-testing fertilizer + 50% compost, was the best among the fertilizer combinations for rice cultivation as supported by the yield, protein and palatability index.

This study was carried out to establish the analytical method of MCPA residue in brown rice and rice straw by HPLC/UVD. When MCPA was extracted from sample under the pH 3.6 by adding acetone 200 mL and 1N-HCl 100 mL, the extraction efficiency was high by 87%. And purification efficiency was high by 83% when 5 mL of 1% methanol/acetonitrile was eluated by the florisil Sep-pak cartridge column. From spiking of 0.1μg mL -1 and 0.25μg mL -1 of MCPA to control sample, respectively, average recovery rate of MCPA in brown rice was 96.0% and 94.9% and that in rice straw was 92.5% and 88.2%, respectively. Precision of experiment was very high by relative standard deviation of 1.5% to 5.7%. In brown rice and rice straw treated with bentazone+MCPA (11+1.2%) of 30 kg and 60 kg per ha at 30 days after rice transplanting, respectively, maximum residue limit was under 0.05μg mL -1 of the recommended rate of Korean Food and Drug Administration. From the above results, the analytical procedure of MCPA in plants such as hydrolysis, saponification and derivatization were ommi ted, and retention time was faster and recovery rate was higher than the existed results of HPLC/UVD. Therefore, these results were greatly improved and seemed to be usefully applied for residue analysis of MCPA in plants.

For the study of possibility of practical use as an organic farm materials of the mixtures with lignite and amino acid solution, this experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the mixtures on the growth and the yield of rice plant, chinese cabbage, and red pepper, and the effects of the mixtures on chemical properties of soil. Also, when the mixtures of the lignite plus amino acid solution and the chemical fertilizer were applied to these three crop cultivation area, authors want to know how can the loss in quantity of chemical fertilizer affects the growth and the yield of these crops. As the results, growth of rice plant applied with the mixtures of lignite and amino acid solution was better than that applied with the recommended rate of chemical fertilizer. Especially, the growth of rice plant appeared to be good at the treatment of 150 kg/ha of the mixed lignite with amino acid solution and at that of its mixtures and standard fertilization. Growth of chinese cabbage and red pepper was good at the application of 600 kg/ha of the mixed lignite with amino acid solution and at that of its mixtures and standard fertilization. Yield of rice and chinese cabbage was good at the treatment of 150 kg/ha of the mixed lignite with amino acid solution and at that of its mixtures and standard fertilization, and yield of red pepper was good at the application of 600 kg/ha of the mixed lignite with amino acid solution and at that of its mixtures and standard fertilization. The organic matter content increased and while the exchangeable cation decreased when the lignite mixed with amino acid solution and the loss in quantity of chemical fertilizer applied at paddy field. Incase of these treatments, pH and available phosphorus increase at upland field, but did not change at paddy field.

Several methods used for the multiresidue analysis of pesticides from the environment and drinking water have been reported. However, most of these reports dealt with a small number of targeted pesticides or some special groups. A method that is simple, faster, and more cost-effective than the environmental protection agency (EPA) method has been developed for the analysis of 82 frequently used pesticides in water samples obtained from Yeongsan and Sumjin rivers, as well as rice fields located in various locations around the two rivers. The samples were extracted by dichloromethane, and the pesticides were analyzed using a GC-electron capture detector (ECD), followed by confirmation with GC-MS. Recoveries were found to be between 82 and 120.1% for most of the tested pesticides, which were in agreement with the standard values dictated by the EPA. The method was potentially applied to 66 water samples for human consumption and 90 water samples from the rice fields and irrigation ditches that were collected from June to September 2007. Oxadiazon, butachlor, and alachlor were detected in some of the river water samples collected in June, iprobenfos (IBP) was detected in samples collected in August, and no pesticide was detected in September. On the other hand, chlorpyrifos-methyl, IBP, hexaconazole, diazinon, oxadiazon, butachlor, and isoprothiolane were detected at relatively high concentrations in 48 rice paddy field water samples collected between June and September 2007. Alachlor in one sample and procymidone in some of the rice paddy field water samples were also detected in trace amounts. The results were consistent with the temporal pattern of pesticide application in Korean rice fields.

This research is aimed to investigate the cultivation method of oyster mushroom[Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) Kummer] at the non-sterilized medium with treatment. Therefore, experiments were carried out to develop non-sterilization method of medium by addition of for omission of heat sterilization progress of medium. General components, minerals and amino acid in Jiri wild type No. 1 (Pleurotus ostreatus) and production cost were analyzed. For the purpose of omission of heat sterilization progress, treatment ratio of (purity 95%) was 5%(w/w) of dry medium. Initial pH of this medium was 11 and then the pH was changed by 9 after the uniform mixing of the medium for half an hour. The various germs occurred 50% and 100% at pH 8 and pH 7 of the non-sterilized medium, respectively. Production of oyster mushroom increased by when the main raw material used corn pith instead of waste cotton. The time required of mycelium culture was 30 days when hypha was cultured at the non-sterilized medium, and pinhead occurred when 2 or 3 days was passed after the time required of mycelium culture. Occurrence of pinhead was most rapid at the condition of , 65% humidity and pH and required of days at thickness of non-sterilized medium. Ca content in 1st harvest oyster mushroom was higher than that in 2nd harvest one, and its difference was . Amino acid content by stipe thickness of oyster mushroom was ranged from 411.2 to both in a pileus and a stipe of 1st harvest mushroom, and from 402.4 to and from 442.6 to in those of 2nd harvest one, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that the non-sterilization medium by addition of is usable with the cultivation of oyster mushroom.

This study was performed to enhance the cleanup efficiency of methoxyfenozide and bentazone by pH adjustment in the course of liquid-liquid partition and to develop an optimum analytical conditions using HPLC coupled with DAD for two matrices, brown rice and rice straw. Preparation procedure of brown rice sample was "extractioncoagulationliquid-liquid partition-florisil C.C", and this procedure was samely applied to two compounds. In rice straw, preparation procedure of methoxyfenozide sample was "extraction-alkalizationliquid-liquid extractioncoagulationflorisil C.C", and in the case of bentazone, "extractionalkalizationliquid-liquid partitionacidificationliquid-liquid extractionflorisil C.C". All these purified samples were redissolved in the mobile phases, acetonitile : 20 mM sodium acetate (75:25, v/v) for methoxyfenozide and acetonitrile : 75 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.0 (40:60, v/v) for bentazone. Recoveries of methoxyfenozide analysis in brown rice and rice straw were 83.5-97.4 and 86.4-97.3%, and detection limits were 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg, respectively. Recoveries of bentazone in brown rice and rice straw were 86.8-101.9 and 88.3-94.5% and detection limits were 0.005 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. This methods seem to be usefully applied to the residue analysis of two compounds in the view of producing stable analytical condition and fair reproducibility.

Recently, NAND flash memoryis being broadly used for portable information memory devices for its low electricity consumption, favorable portability and strong durability. Its usage rate on bulk storage devices, such as SSD, has also been rapidly increasing. Accordingly, there are many studies being actively conducted regarding the improvement of memory capacities and effective storage techniques. B-Tree is one of the most commonly used tree structure in NAND flash memory. Yet, it has a shortcoming of deterioration of performance due to the frequent node insertion and repeated requests for deleting and writing processes. The purpose of this study is to propose an effective failure recovery technique for NAND flash memories using F-Tree as a solution to improve such shortcoming.

Using a neural network, a plasma etching of silicon carbide thin films was modelled. The etching was conducted in an inductively coupled plasma etch system and characterized by a 24 factorial experiment. The process parameters involved include radio frequency source power, bias power, pressure and gas ratio defined as a NF3 flow rate divided by the total flow rate. The prediction performance of generalized regression neural network was optimized by means of a genetic algorithm. Etch mechanisms were qualitatively estimated by exploring predicted response surfaces. The etch rate variation with the gas ratio was strongly correlated to that of either the dc bias or expected fluorine concentration. The etch rate increase with the pressure was attributed to dominant chemical etching over polymer deposition. Typical source power effect was transparent only at higher gas ratios and higher powers, presumably due to enhanced radical concentration. The source power effect strongly depended on physical phenomena accompanied by the gas ratio variation maintained in the chamber.

Dissipation pattern of tebuconazole was evaluated by establishing application methods of the fungicide, paper-bagging of grape during growth and washing of grape after harvest. Application times increased from three to five resulted in high levels of residues in grape. Tebuconazole in grapes was present in different residual patterns with periods after final treatment ranging from 7 to 25 days. Significant differences in the residual patterns were also found when tebuconazole was treated during three different application periods, possibly due to meteorological condition and/or grape growth during each period. At the range from 2.5 g to 7.5 g of grape granules, residues were higher in small-sized grape than in big-sized grape and were mostly distributed on the peel of the grapes. Paper-bagging was a critical factor for reducing the fungicide residue on the peel. flesh of bagged and no-bagged grape had very low level of residues, 0.01 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. Residues on grape was effectively eliminated with the washing methods suggested, a consecutive sinking-washing system Using of detergent solution during washing showed maximum residue reduction from grape. The washing methods showed effective action on the removal of lower content providing complete elimination, or almost, of the residues.

The aim of this study was to apply the new agricultural technique developed for three years() by demonstration at an model farm of environmental agriculture located in Bangsan-ri, Dagang-myun, Namwon-city. Rice growth of environmental farming plot, which supplied with oil cake and compost fermented with chicken manure was reduced compared to that of conventional farming plot, which supplied with chemical fertilizers. Weed control by using of Ampullarius insularus in the rice paddy field was effective compared to that of control, which treated with chemical herbicide twice. The yield of rice was decreased of 35% in both environmental and eclectic farming polt compared to that of conventional farming plot. The water quality of environmental not and eclectic farming plot were good compared to conventional farming plot. Density of water flea was high in environmental and eclectic farming plot compared to that of the conventional farming plot.

We have developed a reliable and high-frequency genetic transformation and regeneration system via somatic embryogensis of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus. Embryogenic callus obtained from seed were co- cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101/pIG121Hm harboring genes for intron--glucoronidase(GUS), kanamycin and hygromycin resistance. Following co-cultivation, two types of samples(fine embrogenic calli and early globular embryo clusters) were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium containing 1 mg/L2.4-D for 3day in dark. Transient expression of GUS gene was found to be higher in the early globular embryo clusters than in the embryogenic calli. Also, co-cultivated period affected expression of GUS gene; the best result was obtained when globular embryo clusters were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium for 3 days. Subsequently, this callus transferred to selective MS medium containing 1mg/L2.4-D, 50mg/L kanamycin or/and 30mg/L hygromycin and 300mg/L cefortaxime. These embryogenic calls were subcultured to the same selection medium at every 2 weeks intervals. Approximately 24.5% of the early globular embryos co-cultivated with Agrobacterium for 3days produced kanamycin or/and hygromycin-resistant calli. Transgenic somatic embryos were converted into plantlets in half strength MS medium supplemented with 3mg/L GA kanamycin and were confirmed by GUS histochemical assay and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Genomic Southem blot hybridization confirmed the incorporation of NPT II gene into the host genome.

In order to elucidate the effect of phenobarbital sodium (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) on metabolism of insecticide carbofuran in rat. Carbofuran metabolites and its formation rates were determined when orally administered -carbofuran alone and its combination with PB or 3-MC to rat. -carbofuran administered orally, alone or in combination with PB or 3-MC, was secreted rapidly within 48 hrs. That is, 79.9 to 81.1% of the original radioactivity was secreted into the urine and 5.7 to 6.5% into the feces. The secretion rate was faster in the combined administration than that in carbofuran alone. Metabolites of carbofuran in main organs, urine, feces and blood of rat were largely 3-hydroxycarbofuran, 3-ketocarbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran phenol, 3-ketocarbofuran phenol, and carbofuran phenol, the major ones being 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran, respectively, in all administrations of carbofuran alone, carbofuran+PB and carbofuran+3-MC. In addition, formation rate of the two major metabolites detected in the urine was 17.4% and 12.8%, respectively, when carbofuran alone was administered. Meanwhile, when carbofuran was administered with PB or 3-MC, they were 8.6% and 23.5, repectively. These results indicate that the oral administration of PB or 3-MC can reduce carbofuran toxicity by fastening and stimulating the carbofuran metabolism in rat.

Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine and Institute of Basic Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, KoreaReceived August 20, 2003Key Words : Antioxidant activity, Acer ginnala Max., DPPH radical scavenging activityNatural antioxidants such as α-tocopherol and L-ascorbicacid are widely used because they are seen as being safer andcausing fewer adverse reactions, but their antioxidant activitiesare, however, lower than those of synthetic antioxidants suchas butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxy-toluene (BHT). Hence, the need exists for safe, economicantioxidants with high activity from natural sources toreplace these synthetic chemicals. The antioxidant compoundspresent in edible plants have recently been promoted as foodadditives because they display little or no toxic side effects.During our search for antioxidant compounds from naturalproducts, we carried out antioxidative assays on forty-fivemedicinal plants. To evaluate the antioxidant activity, thepresent study was initiated to compare the radical scaveng-ing effect of plants extracts and two phenolic constituents ofAcer ginnala Max. (A. ginnala Max.) with the simple andstable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical,which shows a strong absorption band at 517 nm.

The principal objective of the present study was to develop a multiresidue analytical method for 62 pesticides in a soil matrix. Soil samples were fortified with known quantities of pesticides at two different concentration levels (0.1 and 0.01 microg/g) and the analytes were extracted via a liquid-solid extraction method. The pesticides were separated on an HP5 capillary column and were detected by gas chromatography coupled to an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The method was validated, considering its good linearities (r(2) = 0.978-0.999), specificity and recovery characteristics. Recoveries were found between 70.3 and 113.4% for all pesticides except edifenphos (67.5%) and dichlobenil (69.5%) spiked at a 0.1 microg/mL concentration level and 74.5-117% except ethalfluralin (63.3%) and dichlobenil (51.9%) spiked at a concentration of 0.01 microg/mL. The developed method could be utilized as a simple and cost-effective method for the routine analysis of 62 pesticides in soil samples.