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Objective: Internal injuries and consumptive disease have different causes, yet they can affect each other. The relationship and combination of prescription drugs in the clinical practice of internal injuries and consumptive disease were analyzed for various diseases of “Donguibogam” through network analysis.Methods: The prescriptions used in consumptive disease and internal injury were established by conducting a full survey on the papers extracted from Donguibogam. The R version 4.0.3 (2020-10-10) and the igraph and arules package were used to perform network analysis and association rule relationship mining analysis in the first and second prescription compositions. Results: The herb frequently used for internal injury was Glycyrrhizae Radix, while the herb combination frequently used was Citri Pericarpium-Glycyrrhizae Radix. For centrality, the main factor was generally Glycyrrhizae Radix. In the case of consumptive disease, the herb most frequently used was Angelicae Gigantis Radix, and the combination most frequently used was Rehmanniae Radix Preparata-Angelicae Gigantis Radix. In terms of centrality, it was Angelicae Gigantis Radix. As a result of the network analysis of herbal prescription frequency, each group was divided into three.Conclusion: The interrelationship between internal injury and consumptive disease prescription drugs may reveal the differences and similarities between internal injury and consumptive disease and may serve as a basis for the development of new drugs or materials that can enhance mutual effectiveness in the treatment of internal injury and consumptive diseases.

Objectives. The most effective way to improve menopausal symptoms is to supplement deficient oestrogen; however, long-term administration of synthetic oestrogen increases the risk for breast and uterine cancers. Here, we report results from a clinical trial of Rubus coreanus Miq. and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge as agents for improving the menopause syndrome. Methods. This study was a single-centre, double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. The efficacy of an extract of R. coreanus Miq. and A. membranaceus Bunge was investigated. Participants were females with postmenopausal syndrome in the menopausal or menopausal transition period. The primary endpoint of validation was improvement in the Kupperman index (KI) score of women. The secondary end point was change in the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and lipid profile. The participants were randomly allocated at a 1 : 1 ratio into R. coreanus Miq. and A. membranaceus Bunge extract (RCAM) or placebo groups and were administered 2000 mg of the extract or placebo, respectively, daily for 12 weeks. Outcomes were measured at visits 2 (day 0) and 5 (week 12). Results. The RCAM group demonstrated decreased KI score and MRS compared with the placebo group after 12 weeks. In the safety evaluation, laboratory tests and vital signs demonstrated no clinically significant changes in subjects, and there was no difference in adverse reactions between the groups. The R. coreanus Miq. and A. membranaceus Bunge extract was effective in reducing postmenopausal symptoms in women. Moreover, the extract was found to be safe. Conclusions. For females with menopausal symptoms in the menopausal transitional and postmenopausal periods, ingestion of the R. coreanus Miq. and A. membranaceus Bunge extract for 12 weeks was effective, as demonstrated by a decrease in KI score and MRS relative to that in the placebo group, and significantly improved the menopausal symptoms.

This double-blind, randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of Baekhogainsam-tang for type 2 diabetes without complications by systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Methods: For a systematic review and meta-analysis, we set a key question in accordance with PICOT-SD. We searched the following up to March 31. 2021: PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, CiNii, KISS, KMBASE, OASIS, and ScienceON. A meta-analysis was conducted by synthesizing the results, including fasting plasma glucose level, postprandial 2-hour plasma glucose level, and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c).Results: A total of five trials are included in this systemic review. The treatment group (Baekhogainsam-tang plus conventional treatment) showed more statistically significant effect than did the control group (conventional treatment only) in fasting plasma glucose level, postprandial 2-hour plasma glucose level, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).Conclusions: Baekhogainsam-tang showed statistically significant effects in hypoglycemic effect and in improving insulin resistance. However, the number of studies included in the meta-analysis was insufficient, and the BIT used in the included studies was not standardized. This topic requires further attention and more clinical research.

Objectives: This study analyzed, through network analysis and data mining analysis, the relationship between herbs used in osteoporosis prescriptions, diversified the analysis of osteoporosis-related prescriptions, and analyzed the combination of herbs used in osteoporosis-related prescriptions.Methods: The prescriptions used in osteoporosis treatment and experiments were established by conducting a full survey of the papers published by the OASIS site. A database for osteoporosis-related prescriptions was established, herbs were extracted, and the frequency of frequent herbs and prescriptions were investigated using Excel (MS offices ver. 2013). Using the freeware R version 4.0.3 (2020-10-10), igraph, and arules package, network analysis was performed in the first second of prescription composition.Results: Among the osteoporosis-related prescriptions, the most studied prescriptions are as follows.: Yukmijihwang-tang (六味地黃湯) and Samul-tang (四物湯). In the osteoporosis prescription network, herbs with connection centrality, proximity centrality, mediation centrality, and eigenvector centrality appeared in the order of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Poria Sclerotium, Paeoniae Radix, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. After extracting the herbal combination network, including the corresponding herbs, and clustering it, it can be divided into drugs of the Yukmijihwang-tang (六味地黃湯) series and the Samul-tang (四物湯).Conclusions: This study could assist researchers in diversifyingy formula analysis in future studies. Moreover, the herbal combination used in osteoporosis prescriptions could be used to search for osteoporosis prescriptions in other databases or to create a new prescription.

Lifestyle and physical characteristics affect body weight, and understanding these factors improves the precision of weight loss treatment. Many obese patients in Korea are receiving Korean medicine (KM) treatment, including herbal medicine and acupuncture, for weight loss. However, the real-world data (RWD) are insufficient in terms of being longitudinal and diverse. Weight Control Registry using KM is a prospective registry study that enrolls patients receiving KM treatment for weight loss and collects RWD from multiple clinics. The patients who are eligible for this study are aged 19–65 years, receive KM weight loss treatment, understand the study objectives, and consent voluntarily. Clinical data of patient characteristics and KM treatment patterns will be regularly collected until 2026. The longitudinal accumulation of various RWD will establish a high-quality study database for KM weight loss treatment. With this study, we expect to contribute to understanding the current trend of weight loss treatment with KM and solve further questions regarding this treatment.

The herbal medicine Yukgunja-tang has been widely used for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) in the clinical setting of East Asian traditional medicine. This paper presents a protocol for a randomized, assessor-blind, controlled, multicenter, three-arm parallel clinical trial comparing the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of Yukgunja-tang with Pyeongwi-san and usual care. A total of 140 participants with Rome IV-diagnosed FD will be randomly assigned to either the Yukgunja-tang (n = 56), Pyeongwi-san (n = 56), or usual care (n = 28) groups. All participants will be educated on dietary guidelines for FD patients. Participants in the Yukgunja-tang and Pyeongwi-san groups will take investigational products for 6 weeks. All participants will be assessed for clinical parameters at weeks 0, 3, 6, 9, and 24. The primary outcome will be measured on the total dyspepsia symptom scale, and the secondary outcome will include the single dyspepsia symptom scale, overall treatment effect, the visual analog scale for dyspepsia, FD-related quality of life, hospital anxiety and depression scale, EuroQol-5 dimension, pattern identification, and serum levels of acyl-ghrelin and deacyl-ghrelin. Adverse events and laboratory tests will be monitored for safety assessment. The results will provide evidence of the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of Yukgunja-tang in the treatment of FD.

Background Shoulder pain is an uncomfortable feeling in the muscle around the shoulder. The cause of myalgia is the accumulation of lactic acid in muscles and impaired blood circulation, which is called blood stasis in traditional East Asian medicine. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of Gyejibongnyeong-Hwan (GBH) for shoulder discomfort related to blood stasis before and after treatment. Methods/design This study will be a double-centre, randomised, wait-list controlled pilot trial. Participants with shoulder pain and with a visual analogue scale score of 4 or higher out of 10, blood stasis score of 9 or higher, and triglyceride level of ≥150 mg/dl or total cholesterol level of ≥200 mg/dl will be recruited from two university hospitals. A total of 40 participants will be assigned to the immediate and waiting treatment groups. The immediate treatment group will receive GBH for 8 weeks on enrolment while the waiting treatment group will receive GBH for 8–16 weeks after 8 weeks of controlled waiting. The primary outcome is shoulder pain, and the secondary outcomes are the blood stasis score, blood pressure, ankle–brachial pressure index, brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity, body mass index, waist circumference, indexes of oximetry, and levels of blood lipid, blood sugar, resistin, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid P, and D-dimer. Discussion The results of this pilot trial will be the bases for a full-scale clinical trial of GBH. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Service, KCT0003837. Registered on 23 April 2019. https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/en/search/search_result_st01.jsp?seq=14258

The purpose of a systematic review and meta-analysis is to verify the clinical efficacy and safety of Geumguesingihwan for patients with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes.The systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed following the guidelines of the National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency. We will conduct a systematic search of randomized controlled trials in 8 electronic databases until August 31, 2021.This study will provide evidence regarding the clinical efficacy of Geumguesingi-hwan from the following 3 perspectives: improving blood glucose level, insulin resistance, and β-cell function. Additionally, we will examine the safety of Geumguesingi-hwan by evaluating the adverse effects.This study will verify the antidiabetic efficacy and safety of Geumguesingi-hwan in patients with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes.

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Background and Objectives: Migraine headaches are chronic neurological diseases that reduce the quality of life by causing severe headaches and autonomic nervous system dysfunction, such as facial flushing, nasal stuffiness, and sweating. Their major treatment methods include medication and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT has been used for pain treatment and various psychogenic neurological diseases by reducing pain, disability, and emotional disorders caused by symptoms of mental illness and improving the understanding of mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CBT in treating migraines. Materials and Methods: Seven electronic databases were searched from the date of inception to December 2020. Randomized controlled studies (RCTs) using CBT as an intervention for migraine were included. The primary outcome of this study was to determine the frequency of migraines and the intensity of migraines on Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the frequency of drug use, Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), and Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) index. The two authors independently conducted the data extraction and quality assessment of the included RCTs, and conducted meta-analysis with RevMan V.5.4. Results: Among the 373 studies, 11 RCTs were included in this systematic review. Seven out of the 11 RCTs were conducted in the USA, and four were conducted in the UK, Germany, Iran, and Italy, respectively. Headache frequency and MIDAS scores were statistically significant reduced. In the subgroup analysis, headache strength was significantly reduced. Two of the included studies reported adverse effects, including worsening of migraine intensity and frequency, respiratory symptoms, and vivid memory of a traumatic event. Conclusions: CBT for migraine effectively reduced headache frequency and MIDAS score in meta-analysis and headache intensity subgroup analysis, with few adverse events. Additional RCTs with CBT for migraine headaches are needed for a more accurate analysis.

In Korea, Gyejibongnyeong-Hwan (GBH), a herbal decoction used to treat blood stasis (BS), is widely used to treat shoulder pain in clinics. Nevertheless, the therapeutic mechanism of GBH in alleviating shoulder pain has not yet been elucidated.In this study, we applied mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to explore the therapeutic mechanism of GBH in BS-induced shoulder pain.We conducted a two-center, randomized, wait-list controlled pilot trial to explore the therapeutic effect of GBH on shoulder discomfort related to BS.A total of 40 participants with shoulder pain were randomly assigned to either the immediate treatment (GBH-Treat; n = 20) or waiting treatment (Wait-List; n = 20) group. A non-targeted metabolomics approach was then applied to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of GBH.After 8 weeks of treatment, the visual analog scale (VAS) scores for shoulder pain decreased significantly in the GBH-Treat and Wait-List groups compared with baseline VAS scores (p = 0.004 and p = 0.013, respectively). However, the VAS and BS scores were significantly more reduced in the GBH-Treat group than in the Wait-List group. The plasma metabolic pattern between GBH-Treat and Wait-List groups also differed significantly, which was shown by the score plot of a partial least-squared-discriminant analysis (RThese results demonstrated that GBH may be a potential treatment option for shoulder pain, and it acts by regulating metabolic patterns. In particular, our study provides evidence for the use of GBH treatment for patients with should pain caused by BS, and we believe that our findings can provide evidence for precision medicine based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or traditional Korean medicine (TKM). We also verified that metabolomics studies provide comprehensive understanding of herbal decoctions in TCM or TKM.

The most effective way to improve menopausal symptoms is to supplement deficient oestrogen; however, long-term administration of synthetic oestrogen increases the risk for breast and uterine cancers. Here, we report results from a clinical trial ofThis study was a single-centre, double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. The efficacy of an extract ofThe RCAM group demonstrated decreased KI score and MRS compared with the placebo group after 12 weeks. In the safety evaluation, laboratory tests and vital signs demonstrated no clinically significant changes in subjects, and there was no difference in adverse reactions between the groups. TheFor females with menopausal symptoms in the menopausal transitional and postmenopausal periods, ingestion of the

Introduction Moxibustion therapy has been used in oriental medicine for symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome such as diarrhoea and constipation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different doses of moxibustion for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods This study was conducted at Semyung Korean Medical Hospital, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea. Twenty-four patients (12 males, 12 females) aged 18–30 years who were diagnosed with IBS using the Rome III criteria were included. trial In this triple blind randomised controlled trial patients were allocated to receive either 3-cone moxibustion or 1-cone moxibustion. Moxa was applied to Guan Yuan (CV4) for 20 min. The Bowel Symptom Severity Scale (BSSS) score was used as the primary outcome measure; the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Severity Scale – Korean Version (IBSSS-K) score, heart rate variability (HRV), visceral sensitivity questionnaire, and a pattern identification questionnaire were secondary outcome measures. Results There was a significant difference in IBSSS-K scores after moxibustion in both the 3CMG (score: before: 217.50 ± 79.95, after: 137.42 ± 68.70, p = 0.021) and 1CMG groups (score: before: 217.67 ± 98.77, after: 112.25 ± 71.11, p = 0.006). There were no significant differences in the BSSS scores, IBSSS-K scores, Qi stagnation questionnaire scores, or cold-heat pattern questionnaire scores, between the two groups. Conclusions Different doses of moxibustion resulted in similar efficacy levels for the treatment of IBS. These preliminary findings suggest that moxibustion therapy may be effective and can be safe in improving the symptoms of IBS.

Introduction This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treating irritable bowel syndrome patients with a proper dose of moxibustion. Methods and analysis This study will be a 4-week-long, randomised controlled pilot clinical trial. Twenty-four patients will be recruited and randomly allocated to 1 of 2 groups: a 3 moxibustion treatment intervention group and a 1 moxibustion treatment control group. Both groups will receive two moxibustion sessions a week for 4 weeks (8 sessions in total). The primary outcome will be measured using the Bowel Symptom Severity Scale. The inclusion criteria are as follows. The patients will be between 18 and 30 years old and of either gender. The patients will have experienced repeated abdominal pain or discomfort (i.e., an uncomfortable sensation not described as pain) at least 3 times per month in association with two or more of the following over the previous 3 months: (a) improvement with defecation; (b) onset associated with a change in the frequency of defecation; (c) onset associated with a change in the form (appearance) of stool. All included patients will have provided written consent to the clinical ethics committee and have agreed with both the clinical trial plan and follow-up observations. Ethics and dissemination This research protocol has been reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of the trial centre (Semyung Korean Medicine Hospital, IRB No. 2016-06-01). The results will be published in a journal and will be disseminated both electronically and in print.

This trial aimed to determine the effect of a standardized Cynanchum wilfordii Radix extract (CWE) on the lipid profiles of individuals with elevated total cholesterol (T-Chol) using a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled design. Ninety-six Korean individuals with elevated T-Chol level (200-240 mg/dL) were recruited and randomly allocated to groups that received VasH300 (300 mg CWE/day, n = 32), VasH600 (600 mg CWE/day, n = 32), or a placebo (n = 32) groups. Primary outcomes included T-Chol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride, and safety (adverse events, biochemical parameters, and hematological parameters). Data were compared using a one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan's post-hoc tests (among groups) and paired t tests (within groups). Values for T-Chol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced in the VasH300 and groups (VasH300: 4.0 and 6.4%, respectively; VasH600; 3.8 and 5.8% respectively; both p < .05) compared with the placebo group and were not dose-dependent. VasH300 significantly improved the lipid profiles of individuals with elevated T-Chol without any serious side effects. Daily supplementation with VasH might be an alternative strategy with which to modify cholesterol-related parameters, especially in individuals with elevated T-Chol levels.

Introduction Migraine is a common and disabling primary headache disorder. Cupping is a traditional medical treatment used in several societies in East Asia and it is frequently used for controlling pain including migraine. There have been no systematic reviews on the treatment effects of cupping on migraine. Furthermore, related studies have had many limitations, making it unclear whether cupping intervention is beneficial for migraine. We propose to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to consider the evidence related to the effect of cupping on migraine. Methods We developed a protocol describing the essential reporting items based on the PRISMA for systematic review protocols 2015 (PRISMA-P 2015) (Registration number: CRD42017054979). We will search eight databases and include data from prospective randomized controlled clinical trials or quasi-randomized controlled trials that used cupping interventions for the treatment of migraine. The risk of bias will be assessed with the “Risk of bias” tool from the Cochrane Handbook. Using improved effectiveness and the change in headache pain intensity as graded on the visual analogue scale as the primary outcomes, we will compare these outcomes between the cupping intervention and control groups. Conclusion There have been no systematic reviews of cupping therapy for migraine headaches to date. This systematic review will assess the effectiveness and safety of cupping therapy for migraine. This systematic review will inform and help healthcare practitioners to treat migraine and will be disseminated electronically and in print in a peer-reviewed journal.

Surface enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has attracted attention because the technique enables detection of various chemicals, even down to single molecular scale. Among the diverse candidates for SERS substrates, Au nanoparticles are considered promising due to their fine optical properties, chemical stability and ease of surface modification. Therefore, the fabrication and optical characterization of gold particles on solid supports is highly desirable. Such structures have potential as SERS substrates because the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles is very sensitive to combined molecules and environments. In addition, it is well-known that the properties of Au nanoparticles are strongly dependent on their shape. In this work, arrays of shape-controlled Au nanoparticles were fabricated to exploit their enhanced and reproducible optical properties. First, shape-controlled Au nanoparticles were prepared via seed mediated solution-phase synthesis, including spheres, octahedra, and rhombic dodecahedra. Then, these shape-controlled Au nanoparticles were arranged on a PDMS substrate, which was nanopatterned using soft lithography of poly styrene particles. The Au nanoparticles were selectively located in a pattern of hexagonal spheres. In addition, the shape-controlled Au nanoparticles were arranged in various sizes of PDMS nanopatterns, which can be easily controlled by manipulating the size of polystyrene particles. Finally, the optical properties of the fabricated Au nanoparticle arrays were characterized by measuring surface enhanced Raman spectra with 4-nitrobenezenethiol.

Development of biosimilar proteins is the fastest growing sector in the biopharmaceutical industry, as patents for the top 10 best-selling biologics will expire within one decade. The world’s first biosimilar of infliximab, Remsima® (CT-P13) made by Celltrion, was approved by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of European Medicine Agency (EMA) in June 2013. This has ignited competition between related companies for prior occupation of the global market on blockbuster biologics. However, to achieve approval for biosimilars, developing companies face many hurdles in process development, manufacturing, analysis, clinical trials, and CMC (chemical, manufacturing and controls) documentation. Recent evolutionary progress in science, engineering, and process technology throughout the biopharmaceutical industry supports to show similarity between originator and biosimilar products. The totality of evidence has been able to demonstrate the quality, efficacy, and safety of biosimilars whereas a lack of interchangeability and international standards has to be addressed. Further understanding of the timing importance by regulatory agencies will be key to maximizing the value of biosimilars.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of excessive body weight has rapidly increased worldwide over the past decades; however, medications are intended for moderately and severely obese patients and are associated with side effects. As an alternative approach, the use of traditional herbal medicines has gained increasing popularity among overweight individuals in recent years in East Asia. HT048 is an herbal extract of Citrus unshiu and Crataegus pinnatifida, and HT077 is an herbal extract of Nelumbo nucifera and Prunus persica. These 4 herbs have been used widely for body weight reduction in China and Korea. The aims of this trial are to investigate whether HT048 and HT077 are effective at reducing body fat and weight in overweight adults, and to determine the safety of HT048 and HT077. METHODS/DESIGN A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 3-arm parallel group trial will be conducted in adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 to

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine whether NMED-01 or NMED-02 improves laboratory test results in participants with liver function disorder.Methods : This is a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in which participants, treating physicians and data management staff were blinded to treatment group. The study was conducted at Semyung university oriental medicine hospital in Jecheon where participants with high level of serum γ-GTP (60-350 U/L) were enrolled. The intervention consisted of three times daily ingestion of ei ther two capsules of placebo, NMED-01 (NeuMed. co. ltd., Seoul), or NMED-02 (NeuMed. co. ltd., Seoul) for twel ve weeks. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of NMED-01 and NMED-02, we primarily evaluated the degree of decre ment of serum γ-GPT level among three groups. Secondarily the decrement of serum ALT, AST, and trigly ceride level in each group were also evaluated. Adverse effects were monitored during the twelve weeks treatment.Results : The change of γ-GTP level of NMED-01 group was lower than that of placebo group at the end of 12-week administration (28.1±38.7 U/L vs. 9.3±27.0 U/L, p=0.046 ). Other variables including AST, ALT, and triglyceride level were not significantly reduced. The decremen t of γ-GPT, AST, ALT, and triglyceride level of NMED-02 group was not significant. There were no significant ad verse effects or toxicities during treatment period.Conclusions : Participants receiving NMED-01 had improvement in laboratory t est results. Despite a modest sample size, our results suggest that NMED-01 are safe and may be potentially effective in improving liver function. However, NMED-02 have lack of a detectable effect in this study.Key words : Hovenia dulcis, Pueraria lobata, γ-GPT, hepatoprotective effect, alcohol, liver, liver function

This study was designed to investigate the collagen metabolism and tyrosinase activity of Meretrix extracts (ME). The effect of ME on type I procollagen production and collagenase activity in human normal fibroblasts HS68 after UVB (312 nm) irradiation was measured by ELISA method. The tyrosinase activity after treatment of ME was measured as well. Type I procollagen production was recovered by ME in UVB damaged HS68 cells. The increased collagenase activity after UVB damage was significantly recovered by ME. The tyrosinase activity and L-DOPA oxidation were significantly reduced as well. However, the effects on tyrosinase activity and L-DOPA oxidation were not powerful enough to be used as whitening agents. ME showed the anti-wrinkle effects and some whitening effects in vitro. These results suggest that ME may be a useful drug as an anti-wrinkle treatments.

Herb extracts commercially used in Korea were screened for PPAR-γ agonist test and α-glucosidase inhibition assay. Total 16 herb plants had a PPAR-γ agonist activity. Specially, Alisma orientale Juz (108.41%), Ephedra sinica (98.22%), Sasa japonica Makino var. purpurascens Nakai (140.68%), Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (106.79%) and Cnidium officinale Makino (113.00%) showed high PPAR-γ agonist activity rate compared with rosiglitazone’s (167.46%). And Cornus officinalis S. et Z. (90.3%), Cinnamomum cassia Blume (89.2%), Psoralea corylifolia L. (89.8%), Paeonia japonica (Makino) Miyabe (92.4%) and Paeonia suffruticosa Andr (93.2%), showed high α-glucosidase inhibition rates. These results support previous reports of the efficacy of Oriental medicinal plants used for diabetes mellitus.

Although hair growth medications have been developed, these medications have some side effects and usability problems. Recently there has been a growing interest in hair loss remedies from natural materials. This Study was carried out to investigate the effect of SM-215 on hair growth by hair follicle stimulation. We divided the 8-week-old ICR mice into a Control Group (CG), a Non-Treatment Group (NTG), and a SM-215 application Group (SMG). 100μl/day of SM 215 was applied for 3 weeks to SMG. After 3 weeks, we found a change to the sebaceous gland, the capillaries around the hair follicles (Vascularity and Vasodilation of capillaries), and changes in the hair follicle activity (Growth-promoting hormones, Neurotransmitters) in a tissue sample excised from the dorsal skin. A large number of hair and hair follicles in the subcutaneous layer of SMG was observed as compared to the NTG. Sebum secretions around the hair follicles and sebaceous gland distribution of SMG were observed more clearly than in NTG. A large number of capillaries, especially in the hip region versus the neck region in SMG, were also observed compared to the NTG as noted through external capillaries observation. Positive responses of IGF-1, serotonin, and neuropeptide Y in SMG were increased compared to the NTG in immunohistochemistry. Based on these studies and analysis, we suppose that SM-215 improves a hair growth activity by increasing the distribution of the sebaceous glands, capillaries around the hair follicles, and the vasodilation to assist in forming the necessary environment for hair growth, thereby promoting hair growth by stimulating at hair follicles.