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koker, Mustafa Yavuz/0000-0001-7061-8525 WOS: 000430225800007 PubMed: 28577521 Background: Chronic granuloniatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency caused by defects in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase enzyme system. this disease causes the disordered functioning of phagocytic cells. It is characterized by life-threatening and/or recurrent infections by bacteria and fungi. CGD has both an X-linked recessive (X-CGD) and autosomal recessive (AR-CGD) phenotypes. AR form have four subtypes including defects with one of these NADPH oxidase components (p22, p40, p47 and p67(Phox)). Objectives: To report the clinical and laboratory characteristics of seven CGD patients based on their genetic characteristics. Methods: Seven boys with CGD were reviewed based on clinical findings and genetic results. Dihydrorhodamine-1,2,3 (DHR) assay was used as a diagnostic test. Genetic analysis was conducted to establish moleculer diagnoses in all patients. Results: The age of diagnosis was varied between 1.5 years and 15 years. The most frequent clinical presentation was pneumonia, and two patients had BCG-itis. Pour patients had the AR-CGD phenotype, and three patients had the X-CGD phenotype. Severe invasive infections due to Aspergillus, Staphylococcus, and Serratia species were reported. Frequent lung and lymph node involvement was observed during follow-up of the cases. Conclusions: CGD is life-threatening disease that involves deep-seated infection. In our patients, the most commonly affected organs were the lungs and lymph nodes. Phagocytic disorders should be considered in cases of recurrent infectious diseases, invasive fungal diseases, BCG complications that are not self-limiting, unexplained lymphadenitis or osteomyelitis, and chronic inflammatory disorders. Erciyes UniversityErciyes University [TDA-2016-6624, 114S352] The patients genetic diagnoses were made with the support of Tubitak 114S352 numbered Project and TDA-2016-6624 project from Erciyes University.

WOS: 000350346800030 PubMed: 25711253 Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV), a disease characterized by inflammation of the small vessels, presents with palpable purpura, especially in the lower extremities. Its etiology is known to include drugs, infection, collagen tissue disease, and malignancy, but LCV caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs is very rarely seen. This report describes the case of a 12-year-old girl who developed LCV with rifampicin and ethambutol while undergoing anti-tuberculosis treatment due to extensive pulmonary involvement.

WOS: 000350346800033 PubMed: 25711256 Pott's puffy tumor (PPT) is a rare complication of sinusitis characterized by subperiosteal abscess and osteomyelitis of the frontal bone. Early diagnosis and treatment is vital before it causes intracranial complications such as subdural empyema or brain abscess. Herein we describe the case of a 12-year-old patient who developed preseptal cellulitis and PPT, and was successfully treated with abscess drainage, sinus surgery and long-term antibiotic therapy.

WOS: 000367570300002 PubMed: 26690591 Brucellosis is a systemic infectious disease that leads to various clinical pictures and is still a significant health problem in Turkey. In this study, 52 pediatric patients diagnosed with brucellosis between January 2008 and December 2013 were examined. Clinical and laboratory findings, response to treatment, prognosis and complications were evaluated. Diagnosis of brucellosis was made based on a clinical picture compatible with the disease, together with standard tube agglutination test (SAT) positivity (1/160 or higer titer) or isolation of Brucella spp. in a sterile body fluid culture. The cases comprised 10 females and 42 males. In 75% of cases, there was a history of consumption of unpasteurized milk or dairy products. The most commonly seen symptoms and findings were fever (75%), arthralgia (54%), fatigue (19%), splenomegaly (44%), hepatomegaly (42%) and arthritis (19%). Atypical presentations were seen in one case of epidydymo-orchitis and three cases of bleeding of the nose and gums. In the laboratory examinations, anemia was determined in 56% of cases, leukopenia in 40% and thrombocytopenia in 27%. In blood cultures taken from 41 patients, Brucella spp. were isolated in 23 (56.1%). All patients recovered, and sequelae were seen only in a patient with osteoarthritis. In conclusion, although brucellosis leads to many different clinical pictures, a very good response to treatment can be obtained. If effective treatment cannot be implemented in time, the disease may become chronic, and complications and relapses may be encountered. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment is of great importance.

WOS: 000345957300020 PubMed: 25341610 Psoas abscess associated with septic arthritis of the hip is unusual in infants. A 12-month-old infant presented with the complaints of fever, left hip pain and limp. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed left psoas abscess accompanied by septic arthritis of the hip. In this report, we present a case of psoas abscess with hip septic arthritis in an infant, and we describe the clinical and radiological findings and treatment of this case.

WOS: 000365352700017 PubMed: 26388602 The Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is used against tuberculosis. According to the vaccination program in Turkey, DaBT-Hib-IPV (diphtheria-pertussis [acellular]-tetanus-haemophilus influenza type b-inactive polio vaccine), PVC13 (pneumoccocal conjugate vaccine) and BCG vaccines are given simultaneously to all 2-months-old infants, using different administration techniques. We report a 2-month-old infant who received an overdose and intramuscular BCG vaccine instead of DaBT-Hib-IPV. The patient was treated with isoniazid for six months and developed no complications during a one-year follow-up period.

WOS: 000341416400009 PubMed: 24827950 We aimed in this study to present the clinical findings in children with iliopsoas abscess (IPA) and to discuss the diagnosis and treatment. The files of five patients, hospitalized between August 2011 and June 2013 and monitored with a diagnosis of IPA, were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic characteristics, symptoms and signs, laboratory examinations, and diagnostic and treatment methods of the cases were evaluated. Two of the cases were females and three were males, and their ages ranged from 10 to 15 years. Before the diagnosis, the duration of symptoms in patients ranged from five days to one year. The primary symptoms included fever and difficulty in walking. One patient presented with septic shock and had a history of trauma as a predisposing factor. All patients except one had a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (\ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) value. Psoas abscess was demonstrated by ultrasonography (USG), except in one patient. Four patients underwent percutaneous drainage of the abscess. The isolated microorganisms included Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Enterococcus faecalis. All the cases recovered without sequelae. Diagnosis of IPA in children is difficult, and many physicians are usually consulted before any diagnosis is made. IPA should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with complaints of lower back, hip, groin and leg pain and difficulty in walking.

Emiroglu, Melike/0000-0003-1307-0246 WOS: 000328725100026 PubMed: 24409678 Background: The rapid detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae could assist in the management of pneumococcal infections. The Binax NOW S. pneumoniae test is a rapid immunochromatographic test for this purpose. Methods: Multiplex PCR in parapneumonic pleural effusion fluid (PPEF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with Binax NOW urinary pneumococcal antigen test (PAT) from 80 children was compared in this study. Results: PAT had a sensitivity of 36.4%, specificity of 97.3%, in CSF. PAT had a sensitivity of 50%, specificity of 81% for parapneumonic pleural effusion fluid. Conclusions: When rapid management of a serious infection is needed the Binax NOW test could be a reliable method for the exclusion of S. pneumoniae infection.

WOS: 000341414800011 PubMed: 24292037 Pertussis is one of the leading causes of death that can be prevented by vaccination. More than 600,000 deaths from pertussis occur annually, with a disproportionate number appearing in unvaccinated infants. Pertussis is particularly troublesome because it does not necessarily present itself in its commonly known classical stages. Therefore, in very young and non-immunized children, the disease may have a fulminant process characterized by severe leukocytosis, neurologic involvement and serious cardiopulmonary failure that can be accompanied by pulmonary hypertension, persistent hypoxia and death. This article describes two infants with fulminant pertussis; they were admitted for acute respiratory failure and severe leukocytosis and ultimately died from multi-organ failure.

Acuner, Ibrahim Cagatay/0000-0001-5790-2273 WOS: 000301691300003 PubMed: 22397036 Ozkal A, Sensoy G, Acuner, Belet N, Guney AK. Seroprevalence of Bordetella pertussis immunoglobulin G antibodies among children in Samsun, Turkey. Mirk J Pediatr 2012; 54: 15-19. In this study, we aimed to investigate anti-pertussis immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies in the serum of children in our region vaccinated against pertussis with four doses. Between August 2008-2009, antibody levels to Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) antigens were studied in 385 serum samples from healthy children aged 1.5-18 years (y) vaccinated against pertussis in Samsun, Turkey. The study population was divided into six groups according to ages: 1.5-3 y; 4-5 y; 6-8 y; 10-12 y; 13-15 y; and 16-18 y. IgG antibodies to B. pertussis antigens were measured with a commercial ELISA kit. Mean age of the children was 9.6 +/- 5.3 y. Anti-pertussis IgG titers were positive in 48.3% of the cases. The lowest positivity rate was determined in the 4-5 y age group (28.1%) and the highest rate in the 16-18 y age group (64.2%). Geometric mean titer of anti-pertussis antibodies was 39.2 IU/ml, and again the lowest value was obtained in the 4-5 y age group (23.3 IU/ml) and the highest in the 16-18 y age group (51.4 IU/ml). The antibody levels to B. pertussis antigens significantly decrease 4-6 years after vaccination and again increase in school children, possibly due to natural infection.

WOS: 000289499000013 PubMed: 21417871 Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is now an accepted therapy for many end-stage organ disorders and fungal infections are the principal cause of infection-related mortality in SOT recipients. Among invasive fungal infections, Candida species are the most common pathogens identified, associated with high mortality rates. The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of Candida infections vary with the type of organ transplantation. This article reviews invasive Candida infections in pediatric SOT recipients.

KILIC, MESUT/0000-0002-1562-7629 WOS: 000389713800012 PubMed: 27735802 Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of musculoskeletal infections. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is an exotoxin produced by S. aureus and is an important virulence factor. PVL-positive S. aureus infections have been associated with soft tissue infections and necrotizing pneumonia. In this case report, the clinical course of a 13-year-old boy who was admitted with right hip pain and fever, diagnosed with a gluteal abscess and incidentally discovered multiple cavitary pulmonary lesions, and had a methicillin susceptible and PVL-producing S. aureus (MSSA) extracted from the abscess culture is presented. The related literature is also reviewed.