Search

Fresh walnuts (Juglans regia L.) are challenging to store due to their high water content and delicate green appearance. It has been reported that sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a nitric oxide donor) can promote stress tolerance. However, whether SNP affects the postharvest quality of fresh walnuts remains unknown. This research showed that appropriate SNP treatment contributed to walnut preservation; in particular, 0.5 mmol/L SNP treatment resulted in a better appearance and less decay (59.7%). Compared with the control, this treatment not only increased the levels of proteases related to fresh walnut disease (chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase) but also increased the overall antioxidant level and reduced oxidant damage. Moreover, respiratory metabolism and ethylene release were greatly suppressed (9.5%), and the overall sensory evaluation did not reveal any adverse effects associated with a lower acid or peroxide content. Thus, it was inferred that the optimal SNP dose activated disease-related enzymes, mediated the physiological metabolism rate, regulated the ROS-redox balance and therefore reduced decay and maintained the walnut quality. This is the first report of SNP (NO) application for the preservation of fresh walnuts and may provide information to facilitate practical application of this potential innovation.

Fresh-cut apple is one of the most popular minimally processed products with limited shelf-life. The objective of this research was to study the effect of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and lemon (Citrus limonum) essential oils in pectin-based edible coatings on quality of fresh-cut Jazz apples. Apple pieces were coated with pectin (2 % w/v), whey protein (1 % w/v), and sweet orange essential oil or lemon essential oil (0.10 - 0.15 % w/v). Then, weight loss, color, firmness, microbial growth, and difference in sensory qualities were determined during storage at 4±2 °C. Coating with both sweet orange and lemon essential oils tended to reduce changes of fresh-cut apples in weight loss, color, texture and microbial counts when compared to uncoating or coating with pectin alone. In sensory evaluation, the panelists noticed slight differences between coated and uncoated samples on color and texture while the differences on apple flavor were not detected. Pectin-based edible coating with 0.10 % lemon essential oil provided potential results on preserving fresh-cut apples.

The study was planned to evaluate Eggless Muffins value added with germinated pumpkin seed flour. The recipe was value added by replacing the refined wheat flour with 10, 20 and 30 per cent of germinated pumpkin seed flour. The value addition resulted in a significant (P<0.05) increase in ash, crude fat, crude protein and crude fiber while total carbohydrates decreased. The value added product had crude protein ranging from 12.57-19.27g; crude fibre 1.74-2.88 g and ash 4.50-7.10 g/100 g. Significant increase was observed in mineral content. The value added products had calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, potassium and phosphorus ranging from 37.42-69.50, 55.59-57.47, 2.45-5.63, 4.57-9.45, 245.63-489.56 and 126.45-139.45mg/100 g, respectively, on dry matter basis. The developed products were acceptable to judges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alexandria Journal of Food Science & Technology is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cassava is the food base for millions of people in tropical Africa, Latin America and Asia. However, cassava commercial varieties are deficient in vitamin A and the consumption of biofortified cassava, which has a higher concentration of Beta-carotene in the roots, represents an alternative to prevent this deficiency. Dehydrated products are an integral part of many consumers’ diet, which have preferred healthier and lower calorie foods. This study aimed to develop a dehydrated product of cassava (dehydrated chips) from biofortified varieties. The dehydrated chips were elaborated from the following biofortified cassava genotypes: BRS Dourada, BRS Gema de Ovo, BRS Jari and hybrid 2003 14-11. For obtaining the dehydrated chips, cassava roots were washed, sanitized, peeled, sliced to a thickness of 0.8 mm, blanched and dehydrated at 65 °C. First, dehydrated chips were prepared with no added flavoring, from roots of four cassava genotypes harvested at 12 months after planting, in order to select the two most suitable for dehydrated chips production based on sensory acceptance. In the second stage, dehydrated chips were produced with the addition of onion and parsley flavoring, from the two genotypes selected in the previous step. The BRS Jari variety and hybrid 2003 14-11 showed highest total carotenoid content, 10.54 ?g g g-1 and 6.92 ?g g g-1, respectively, and Beta-carotene, 8.93 ?g g g-1 and 4.98 ?g g g-1, respectively. For carotenoids and Beta-carotene retention there was no significant difference among the dehydrated chips prepared with four biofortified cassava genotypes, which showed average values of 76% and 67%, respectively. Dehydrated chips made with the BRS Jari and hybrid 2003 14-11 had highest average for flavor attribute and did not differ on the crispness and overall acceptance and classified between "like slightly” and "like moderately”. Despite the addition of "onion and parsley" flavoring, there has been no greater acceptance by consumers. Dehydrated cassava chips made with the BRS Jari variety and the hybrid 2003 14-11 showed good sensorial acceptance and higher total carotenoid and Beta-carotene contents, thus being biofortified varieties suitable for the elaboration of this product.

This study aimed to evaluate the Texel lambs’ meat quality fed with increasing levels of crude glycerin (0, 7, 14, and 21% of dry matter) in the diet. Thirthy-two-two non-castrated male Texel lambs were used, with initial weight of 15.9 ± 4.1 kg, using a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight repetitions, per treatment. Upon reaching the average weight of 35 kg, the animals were slaughtered. The meat chemical composition was similar among treatments (P>0.05) and total lipids and crude protein presented averages of 3.47 and 20.05 g 100g -1, respectively. No changes in pH, marbling, color, and water loss under pressure were observed. The shear force did not change among treatments and the texture can be considered soft, with average values of 5.48 kgf. There was a linear (P0.05) were observed for the attributes flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptance among treatments. Fatty acids in higher proportions in the meat lamb were to C18:1n-9 (1298.90 mg 100g-1), C16:0 (709.07 mg 100g-1) and C18:0 (433.30 mg 100g-1), with percentages of 42.72, 23.07 and 14.35%, respectively. Significant difference according to the glycerin level in the diet was observed only for the margaric acid (C17:0) with an increasing linear effect, reaching 58.95 mg 100g-1 muscle to the group with 21% crude glycerin, corresponding to 1.77% of total fatty acids. The other fatty acids did not change, and provided a satisfactory result for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), totaling about 6.1 mg 100 g-1 muscle, corresponding to 0.21% of total lipids. The use of glycerin in the diet for finishing lambs does not alter the characteristics of the meat, maintaining the product quality for consumption.

Abstract The objective of the present study was to produce wine from wild edible fruits of Flacourtia montana J. Graham. The various physicochemical attributes including total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were analyzed. Further, the prepared wine was evaluated for the antioxidant potential using four different assays, viz., 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power assay and total antioxidant activity. Finally, the wine was subjected for the sensory evaluation. Experimental results revealed that wine had an alcohol content of 7.20%, total phenolic content of 0.776±0.032 mg GAE/ml and total flavonoids of 0.121±0.012 mg QE/ml. High performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of four major phenolic acids, viz., gallic acid (0.009±0.0005 mg/ml), chlorogenic acid (0.623±0.091 mg/ml), catechin (0.063±0.011 µg/ml) and epicatechin (0.060±0.009 mg/ml). In vitro antioxidant analysis of wine was able to successfully scavenge the free radicals in a dose dependent manner. Sensory scores indicated wine to be good in overall acceptability. Thus, present study highlighted the therapeutic nature of wine prepared from this underutilized fruit which could provide possibilities for enhancing socio-economic benefits among rural communities.

The effect of addition moringa leaves extract (MLE) on physical, chemical and sensory properties of luncheon was investigated. Luncheon samples were supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of MLE. Results showed that supplementation of luncheon with MLE increased its content of protein, fiber and antioxidants. Protein content ranged from 8.49% in control to 10.90% in luncheon sample with 1.5% MLE. Total phenolic content of MLE was ranged from 65 to 67 mg/100g (as Gallic acid equivalent) while, the scavenging effects of 100 μl of MLE were ranged from 79.51 to 88.57%. The thiobarbituric acid number (TBA) values increased for all the investigated luncheon samples gradually during storage period. The highest value for TBA was noticed in L1 (control sample 1) (0.5239) after four weeks of cold storage while, the lowest value was observed with luncheon meat containing 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (L2) (0.1251) at zero storage. The total polyphenol contents and antioxidants activity increased in luncheon meat after the addition of moringa leaves extract. All the luncheon meat samples containing moringa leaves extract were generally acceptable. x [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to discover the differences in physicochemical and sensory qualities of beef from 4-year-old Hanwoo cows and 2-year-old Hanwoo steers after undergoing different meat aging methods. Additionally, the possibility of using 4-year-old cows as value-added aged meat was investigated. Loins from eight cows (average 51 months old) and eight steers (average 28 months old) of quality grade 2 were aged for 28 days using dry and wet aging. Analyses were conducted to evaluate meat quality, including moisture content, pH, cooking loss, shear force, nucleotides, free amino acids (FAA), and sensory evaluation. After 28 days of aging, the moisture and shear force for loins from steers and cows were reduced compared with those of non-aged meat (P < 0.05). Cooking loss was reduced by dry aging. Regardless of aging method and gender, aging decreased inosine-5ʹ-monophosphate content but increased FAA content (P < 0.05). Dry aging increased glutamic acid content in meat, and aging the meat of steer increased the content of aspartic acid and glutamic acid (P < 0.05). Before aging, sensory scores for juiciness, tenderness, flavour, and overall acceptance between cow and steer were significantly different (P < 0.05), but the differences disappeared after aging. Therefore, the quality of lower grade meat from 4-year-old cows is comparable to that of meat from 2-year-old steers after aging, regardless of the aging method used. Beef from Hanwoo cows is known to be of poor quality because most cows are old (>40 months old) and have produced several calves before slaughter. Meat aging is used to enhance meat quality, regardless of the method employed. This study demonstrates that meat quality from 4-year-old cows is enhanced by 28 days of dry or wet aging to yield meat of quality similar to that of much younger steers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green papaya (Carica papaya L.) peels, obtained as a waste product in the processing of papaya pickles, were dried and their proteolytic activity was compared with that of the enzyme in the papaya latex. The proteolytic activity of the enzyme in papaya peel was about 10 times lower than that in the latex. Taking into account the activity of the enzyme, spice batches were mixed with 30% and 45% papaya peels, in order to formulate meat tenderizers. According to the sensory evaluation of the cooked samples, the meat marinated with 30% of green papaya peel, for 2 h at room temperature had the highest level of acceptance for its soft texture and good flavor. In conclusion, green papaya peel, dried, ground, and mixed with various spices showed a great potential for use as a low-cost meat tenderizer. Furthermore, the process described here allows the conversion of papaya peels with a negative value to an essential value added ingredient.

The aim of the study was to compare the meat quality characteristics of male lambs reared under organic (n = 9), intensive (n = 10) and traditional (n = 10) production systems. The average daily gain of organic lambs (121.4 g) was lower than lambs of intensive (161 g) and traditional (157.8 g) systems. Production system had no significant effect on carcass weight and dressing percentage. Differences among production systems for meat pH, drip loss, cooking loss, shear force value and colour characteristics were not significant. Traditional lambs had a higher percentage of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid : saturated fatty acid ratio, whereas organic lambs had the highest percentage of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the lowest n-6 : n-3 ratio. In accordance with the meat fatty acid composition, meat from the organic and traditional systems used here was healthier than meat from intensive system. But the results of sensory assessment indicate that meat from traditional system was found more acceptable by panellists in terms of flavour intensity, flavour acceptability and overall acceptability when compared with that of organic meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cheese known as Momposino is a Colombian variety of pasta filata cheese. For this investigation, several cheese-production technologies were identified as follows: techniques 1 and 2, for cheeses elaborated from raw milk (such as autochthonous cheeses): technique 3, for cheeses made with pasteurized milk and with a culture; and technique 4, for cheeses made with raw milk. Volatile compounds and free amino acids were examined through chromatography and sensory evaluation tests performed by the members of laboratory. Cheeses made with techniques 1 and 2 presented more volatile compounds (with 60 and 73 respectively) than the cheeses made with technique 3 (for which 52 volatile compounds were found), and the ones made with technique 4 (which presented 40 volatile compounds). The fat content for cheeses from Technique 1 was 29.8%, 30% for cheeses from Technique 2, 27% for cheeses from Technique 3, and 25% for the ones made with Technique 4. These results lead to conclude that the higher the fat content is, the higher the volatile compound production will be. The volatile profiles that were found include acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons and esters. Through the Thin Layer Chrograthography test, it was found that cheese proteins spread to the following amino acids: arginine, valine, tryptophan, histidine, threonine, lysine, tyrosine, alanine, and cysteine. In the cheeses from all treatments, the most outstanding flavor was the acid flavor, and in the most outstanding texture was the elastic texture. No significant differences were found in the sensory evaluation, for the free amino acids (p>0.05), but free fatty acids and fat did show significant differences (p

Effect of two edible coatings on the quality of loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica T.) from Callosa d’En Sarria (Spain) is studied. The coatings are prepared with commercial solutions of chitosan (0,6%) and sucroester fatty acids (1%), that are applied to fruit at fully-ripe stage, and stored at 20°C and 90% RH for 16 days. Gas chromatography is used to find the rate of respiration and ethylene production. Firmness is determined with a universal machine (Instron Machine Model 4302, Canton Mass, USA®). Physiological weight loss is measured gravimetrically, and a panel of trained judges assesses sensory quality. Results display that chitosan is more efficient reducing weight loss, respiration rate, and ethylene production. Both substances contribute to maintain flesh firmness, organoleptic characteristics and the fruits presentation.

In all 180 combinations each for bottle gourd and pumpkin were formulated using various levels of vegetables, sugars and methods of preparation. About 37 to 40 per cent households and small sweet makers prepared vegetables based kheer in urban and semi-urban areas. Five combinations were studied for process upgradation, chemical composition and sensory evaluation. Typically bottle gourd kheer had greenish shade while pumpkin kheer had yellowish shade. The shreds and cubes of both vegetables become soft during cooking which imparts characteristic chewy texture to the vegetable based kheer. All vegetable kheer samples tested low level of fat and high level of carbohydrate content than control. The total solid and carbohydrate content was higher in kheer prepared from bottle gourd while protein content was higher in control and kheer prepared from pumpkin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probiotic ice cream was produced by incorporating Lactobacillus acidophilus LMGP-21381 in a standard ice cream mix at initial population above 10 cfu/g. The ice cream mix was inoculated with either freeze-dried or activated cultures of L. acidophilus and a control treatment without probiotic was also prepared. The product was assessed for the survival of the probiotic strain during the freezing process and during 45 weeks of storage at −15°C and −25°C, and also for its sensory characteristics. The results showed that the freezing process caused a significant decrease in the viability of the freeze-dried culture, but no significant change in the viable counts of L. acidophilus was observed during frozen storage. The sensory attributes of aroma, taste and texture obtained high scores in the sensory evaluation. It was demonstrated that incorporation of either activated or commercial freeze-dried L. acidophilus culture resulted in a candidate food for the delivery of high levels of this probiotic strain to consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Influence of gamma irradiation and storage on the microbial load, chemical and sensory quality of chicken kabab was investigated. Chicken kabab was treated with 0, 2, 4 or 6kGy doses of gamma irradiation. Treated and untreated samples were kept in a refrigerator (1–4°C). Microbiological, chemical and sensory characteristics of chicken kabab were evaluated at 0–5 months of storage. Gamma irradiation decreased the microbial load and increased the shelf-life of chicken kabab. Irradiation did not influence the major constituents of chicken kabab (moisture, protein and fats). No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed for total acidity between non-irradiated (control) and irradiated chicken kabab. Thiobarbitric acid (TBA) values (expressed as mg malonaldehyde (MDA)/kg chicken kabab) and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) in chicken kabab were not affected by the irradiation. Sensory evaluation showed no significant differences between irradiated and non-irradiated samples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

As reported by many researchers, it was found that fluidized bed paddy drying using high drying air temperatures of over 100°C affected the head rice yield and whiteness of dried rice. However, only a few studies on fluidized bed paddy drying with drying air temperatures below 100°C were so far reported. The main objective of this work was therefore to study the effect of fluidized bed drying air temperature on various quality parameters of Suphanburi 1 and Pathumthani 1 Indica rice. Paddy was dried from the initial moisture contents of 25.0, 28.8, and 32.5% dry basis to 22.5 ± 1.2% dry basis using inlet drying air temperatures between 40 and 150°C at 10°C/step. After fluidized bed drying, paddy was tempered and followed by ambient air aeration until its final moisture content was reduced to 16.3 ± 0.5% dry basis. The results showed that the head rice yield of Suphanburi 1 was significantly related to the inlet drying temperature and initial moisture content whilst there was no significant relationship between the head rice yield, drying temperature and initial moisture content for Pathumthani 1. The whiteness of the two rice varieties was slightly decreased with increase in drying air temperature and initial moisture content. It was also found that the hardness of both cooked rice varieties exhibited insignificant difference (p < 0.05) comparing to rewetted rice, which was gently dried by ambient air aeration in thin layer. The thermal analysis by DSC also showed that partial gelatinization occurred during drying at higher temperatures. Using inlet drying air temperatures in the range of 40–150°C therefore did not affected the quality of cooked rice and paddy. The milling quality of paddy was also well maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of chitosan as a coagulant in commercial tofu preparation was investigated with six chitosans of different molecular weights using various treatments. The following optimum processing conditions for tofu preparation were proposed: chitosan with a molecular weight of 28 kDa; chitosan solution type, 1% chitosan/1% acetic acid; chitosan solution to soymilk ratio, 1 : 8; coagulation temperature, 80 °C; coagulation time, 15 min. However, the sensory quality of tofu was notably improved using a 1 : 1 mixture of 1% acetic acid and 1% lactic acid instead of 1% acetic acid alone as a chitosan solvent. Tofu prepared with chitosan had lower ash and higher protein content than those of commercial products tested. In storage tests, the chitosan-tofu had a longer shelf-life, about 3 days, than tofu made with CaCl2. This added shelf-life is significant in view of the magnitude (366 000 tonnes year−1) of tofu produced from commercial tofu plants (1407 plants as of 1998) in Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Aqueous extract of Australian cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) flowers was used to produce Pecorino cheese from ovine milk and the chemical, biochemical and sensory properties of the cheese were compared with cheeses made using two commercial (calf and microbial) rennet preparations. The cheeses contained 49.8–54.6% moisture, 28.2–31.2% fat, 2.1–2.3% NaCl and 2.6–3.1% total nitrogen. Very few differences in chemical composition were observed between cheeses manufactured with the three different coagulants. Biochemically, however, cheese manufactured with cardoon extract contained significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of water-soluble nitrogen but lower levels of phosphotungstic acid soluble nitrogen, while the levels of trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen were similar among the three types of cheese. Compared with cheeses made with commercial rennet preparations, cheese made with cardoon extract was perceived to be softer, creamier and less bitter, and was rated significantly (P < 0.05) higher in overall liking by both trained and consumer panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]