99 results on '"Sensors and probes"'
Search Results
2. Analytical Techniques
- Author
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Vaz Jr., Sílvio and Vaz Jr., Sílvio
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The effect of layer thickness and immobilization chemistry on the detection of CRP in LSPR assays
- Author
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Stephan Kastner, Pia Pritzke, Andrea Csáki, and Wolfgang Fritzsche
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Immunoassay ,Multidisciplinary ,Science ,Metal Nanoparticles ,Nanobiotechnology ,Surface Plasmon Resonance ,Surface chemistry ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Article ,C-Reactive Protein ,Medicine ,Biophotonics ,Gold ,Antibodies, Immobilized ,Biomarkers ,Sensors and probes - Abstract
The immobilization of a capture molecule represents a crucial step for effective usage of gold nanoparticles in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based bioanalytics. Depending on the immobilization method used, the resulting capture layer is of varying thickness. Thus, the target binding event takes place at different distances to the gold surface. Using the example of a C-reactive protein immunoassay, different immobilization methods were tested and investigated with regard to their resulting target signal strength. The dependency of the target signal on the distance to the gold surface was investigated utilizing polyelectrolyte bilayers of different thickness. It could be experimentally demonstrated how much the LSPR-shift triggered by a binding event on the gold nanoparticles decreases with increasing distance to the gold surface. Thus, the sensitivity of an LSPR assay is influenced by the choice of immobilization chemistry.
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- 2022
4. Bio-acoustic tracking and localization using heterogeneous, scalable microphone arrays
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Erik Verreycken, Ralph Simon, Walter Daems, Brandt Quirk-Royal, Jan Steckel, and Jesse R. Barber
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Beamforming ,Signal processing ,Microphone array ,Computer science ,Microphone ,Bioacoustics ,Dynamic networks ,QH301-705.5 ,Acoustics ,Idaho ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Human echolocation ,Tracking (particle physics) ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Birds ,Computational platforms and environments ,Chiroptera ,Animals ,Biology (General) ,Biology ,Sensors and probes ,Spatial filter ,Ecology ,Physics ,Ethology ,Animal Communication ,Echolocation ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Engineering sciences. Technology ,Software - Abstract
Microphone arrays are an essential tool in the field of bioacoustics as they provide a non-intrusive way to study animal vocalizations and monitor their movement and behavior. Microphone arrays can be used for passive localization and tracking of sound sources while analyzing beamforming or spatial filtering of the emitted sound. Studying free roaming animals usually requires setting up equipment over large areas and attaching a tracking device to the animal which may alter their behavior. However, monitoring vocalizing animals through arrays of microphones, spatially distributed over their habitat has the advantage that unrestricted/unmanipulated animals can be observed. Important insights have been achieved through the use of microphone arrays, such as the convergent acoustic field of view in echolocating bats or context-dependent functions of avian duets. Here we show the development and application of large flexible microphone arrays that can be used to localize and track any vocalizing animal and study their bio-acoustic behavior. In a first experiment with hunting pallid bats the acoustic data acquired from a dense array with 64 microphones revealed details of the bats’ echolocation beam in previously unseen resolution. We also demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed microphone array system in a second experiment, where we used a different array architecture allowing to simultaneously localize several species of vocalizing songbirds in a radius of 75 m. Our technology makes it possible to do longer measurement campaigns over larger areas studying changing habitats and providing new insights for habitat conservation. The flexible nature of the technology also makes it possible to create dense microphone arrays that can enhance our understanding in various fields of bioacoustics and can help to tackle the analytics of complex behaviors of vocalizing animals., Verreycken and colleagues present a methods paper detailing construction of large, scalable microphone arrays for bio-acoustic monitoring of animal species. They demonstrate the efficacy of their method in detailing bat hunting echolocation beams with a 64-microphone array, and localizing songbirds across a larger habitat.
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- 2021
5. Label-free fiber-optic spherical tip biosensor to enable picomolar-level detection of CD44 protein
- Author
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Zhannat Ashikbayeva, Daniele Tosi, Zhuldyz Myrkhiyeva, Aigerim Nugmanova, Aliya Bekmurzayeva, Takhmina Ayupova, and Madina Shaimerdenova
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In situ ,Optical fiber ,Materials science ,Science ,Biosensing Techniques ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Signal ,Article ,law.invention ,law ,Fiber Optic Technology ,Humans ,Fiber ,Optical Fibers ,Sensors and probes ,Detection limit ,Multidisciplinary ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Equipment Design ,Hyaluronan Receptors ,Surface modification ,Medicine ,Refractive index ,Biosensor ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Increased level of CD44 protein in serum is observed in several cancers and is associated with tumor burden and metastasis. Current clinically used detection methods of this protein are time-consuming and use labeled reagents for analysis. Therefore exploring new label-free and fast methods for its quantification including its detection in situ is of importance. This study reports the first optical fiber biosensor for CD44 protein detection, based on a spherical fiber optic tip device. The sensor is easily fabricated from an inexpensive material (single-mode fiber widely used in telecommunication) in a fast and robust manner through a CO2 laser splicer. The fabricated sensor responded to refractive index change with a sensitivity of 95.76 dB/RIU. The spherical tip was further functionalized with anti-CD44 antibodies to develop a biosensor and each step of functionalization was verified by an atomic force microscope. The biosensor detected a target of interest with an achieved limit of detection of 17 pM with only minor signal change to two control proteins. Most importantly, concentrations tested in this work are very broad and are within the clinically relevant concentration range. Moreover, the configuration of the proposed biosensor allows its potential incorporation into an in situ system for quantitative detection of this biomarker in a clinical setting.
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- 2021
6. Repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement of three tonometers for measuring intraocular pressure in rabbits
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Tos T. J. M. Berendschot, Jarno E J Wolters, Marlies Gijs, Christian J. F. Bertens, Henny J. M. Beckers, Theo G. M. F. Gorgels, Ralph van Mechelen, Rudy M.M.A. Nuijts, Oogheelkunde, RS: MHeNs - R3 - Neuroscience, MUMC+: MA Oogheelkunde (9), MUMC+: AB Onderzoekers (9), MUMC+: AB Refractie Chirurgie Oogheelkunde (9), and MUMC+: MA AIOS Oogheelkunde (9)
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Animal Experimentation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Intraocular pressure ,Manometry ,Sedation ,Coefficient of variation ,Science ,Article ,Tonometry, Ocular ,TEAR PRODUCTION ,Medical research ,Ophthalmology ,TONOVET(R) REBOUND TONOMETER ,medicine ,Animals ,Anesthesia ,APPLANATION TONOMETER ,New zealand white ,CENTRAL CORNEAL THICKNESS ,Sensors and probes ,Intraocular Pressure ,Reproducibility ,Multidisciplinary ,OPHTHALMIC DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS ,business.industry ,Applanation tonometer ,CIRCADIAN-RHYTHM ,Reproducibility of Results ,Repeatability ,NONINVASIVE MEASUREMENT ,REFERENCE VALUES ,OCULAR DISEASE ,MACAQUES MACACA-MULATTA ,Reference values ,Medicine ,Rabbits ,Visual system ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement of three commonly used tonometers in animal research (TonoLab, TonoVet, and TonoPEN AVIA) in a cohort of 24 rabbits. Additionally, the impact of sedation on IOP was investigated in 21 New Zealand White rabbits with the TonoVet tonometer. Repeatability was determined using the coefficient of variation (CoV) for two observers. For the TonoLab (6.55%) and TonoVet (6.38%) the CoV was lower than for the TonoPEN AVIA (10.88%). The reproducibility was highest for the TonoVet (0.2 ± 3.3 mmHg), followed by the TonoLab (0 ± 12.89 mmHg) and lowest for the TonoPEN AVIA (− 1.48 ± 10.3 mmHg). The TonoLab and TonoVet showed the highest agreement (r = 0.85, R2 = 0.73). After sedation, a significant IOP reduction (often > 25%) was observed. Our results show that among the three tonometers tested, the TonoVet tonometer is best for use in rabbits while the TonoLab should be avoided. The impact of sedation on IOP was substantial and should be taken into account during experimentation.
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- 2021
7. Towards optimization of plant cell detection in suspensions using impedance-based analyses and the unified equivalent circuit model
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Aakash Jog, Kian Kadan-Jamal, Adi Avni, Marios Sophocleous, Yosi Shacham-Diamand, and Julius Georgiou
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Materials science ,Science ,Internet of Things ,Signal ,Article ,Plant Cells ,Range (statistics) ,Electric Impedance ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Suspension (vehicle) ,Electrical impedance ,Electrodes ,Sensors and probes ,Multidisciplinary ,Continuous monitoring ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,Sustainable Development ,Plant cell ,Biosensors ,Dielectric Spectroscopy ,Equivalent circuit ,Medicine ,Biological system ,Plant sciences - Abstract
An improved approach for comparative study of plant cells for long term and continuous monitoring using electrical impedance spectroscopy is demonstrated for tomato and tobacco plant cells (MSK8 and BY2) in suspensions. This approach is based on the locations and magnitudes of defining features in the impedance spectra of the recently reported unified equivalent circuit model. The ultra-wide range (4 Hz to 20 GHz) impedance spectra of the cell lines were measured using custom probes, and were analyzed using the unified equivalent circuit model, highlighting significant negative phase peaks in the ~ 1 kHz to ~ 10 MHz range. These peaks differ between the tomato and tobacco cells, and since they can be easily defined, they can potentially be used as the signal for differentiating between different cell cultures or monitoring them over time. These findings were further analysed, showing that ratios relating the resistances of the media and the resistance of the cells define the sensitivity of the method, thus affecting its selectivity. It was further shown that cell agglomeration is also an important factor in the impedance modeling in addition to the overall cell concentration. These results can be used for optimizing and calibrating electrical impedance spectroscopy-based sensors for long term monitoring of cell lines in suspension for a given specific cell and media types.
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- 2021
8. Unravelling cytosolic delivery of cell penetrating peptides with a quantitative endosomal escape assay
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Angus P. R. Johnston, Daniel Yuen, Colin W. Pouton, Joshua J. Rennick, Serena L. Y. Teo, and Hareth Al-Wassiti
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0301 basic medicine ,Endosome ,Cell Survival ,Science ,Cell ,Green Fluorescent Proteins ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Gene Expression ,02 engineering and technology ,Cell-Penetrating Peptides ,Endosomes ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Mass Spectrometry ,Cell membrane ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cytosol ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Cytosolic transport ,Luciferase ,Luciferases ,Sensors and probes ,Multidisciplinary ,Protein transport ,Chemistry ,Protein delivery ,Cell Membrane ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Recombinant Proteins ,Cell biology ,Transport protein ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Luminescent Measurements ,Nucleic acid ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Cytosolic transport is an essential requirement but a major obstacle to efficient delivery of therapeutic peptides, proteins and nucleic acids. Current understanding of cytosolic delivery mechanisms remains limited due to a significant number of conflicting reports, which are compounded by low sensitivity and indirect assays. To resolve this, we develop a highly sensitive Split Luciferase Endosomal Escape Quantification (SLEEQ) assay to probe mechanisms of cytosolic delivery. We apply SLEEQ to evaluate the cytosolic delivery of a range of widely studied cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) fused to a model protein. We demonstrate that positively charged CPPs enhance cytosolic delivery as a result of increased non-specific cell membrane association, rather than increased endosomal escape efficiency. These findings transform our current understanding of how CPPs increase cytosolic delivery. SLEEQ is a powerful tool that addresses fundamental questions in intracellular drug delivery and will significantly improve the way materials are engineered to increase therapeutic delivery to the cytosol., Our understanding of cytosolic delivery is hindered by existing methods for quantification which suffer from being indirect and showing low sensitivity. Here the authors report a SLEEQ (Split Luciferase Endosomal Escape Quantification) assay to assess cytosolic delivery of cell-penetrating peptides.
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- 2021
9. Establish pre-clinical diagnostic efficacy for parathyroid hormone as a point-of-surgery-testing-device (POST)
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Shalini Prasad, Ambalika Sanjeev Tanak, Ibrahim A. Hashim, and Sriram Muthukumar
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coefficient of variation ,Urology ,Parathyroid hormone ,lcsh:Medicine ,02 engineering and technology ,Roche Diagnostics ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Monitoring, Intraoperative ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:Science ,Sensors and probes ,Parathyroidectomy ,Multidisciplinary ,Plasma samples ,business.industry ,Hyperparathyroidism ,lcsh:R ,Reproducibility of Results ,Diagnostic markers ,Recovery of Function ,Targeted interventions ,Prognosis ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,Parathyroid Hormone ,Point-of-Care Testing ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Parathyroid disorder ,lcsh:Q ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Sensing system ,Biomarkers ,Primary hyperparathyroidism - Abstract
Measuring the Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels assists in the investigation and management of patients with parathyroid disorders. Rapid PTH monitoring is a valid tool for accurate assessment intraoperatively. Rapid Electro-Analytical Device (READ) is a point-of-care device that uses impedance change between target and capture probe to assess the PTH concentration in undiluted patient plasma samples. The aim of this work focuses on evaluating the analytical performance of READ platform to Roche analyzer as a prospective clinical validation method. The coefficient of variation (CV) for intra-assay imprecision was
- Published
- 2020
10. Mapping O2 concentration in ex-vivo tissue samples on a fast PLIM macro-imager
- Author
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Rajannya Sen, Liisa M. Hirvonen, Patrick Fitzgerald, Thomaz F.S. Bastiaanssen, John F. Cryan, Alexander V. Zhdanov, Peter Svihra, Stefan Andersson-Engels, Dmitri B. Papkovsky, and Andrei Nomerotski
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0301 basic medicine ,Cell Respiration ,lcsh:Medicine ,Tissue surface ,Article ,Imaging ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medical research ,0302 clinical medicine ,Microscopy ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Image acquisition ,Tissue Distribution ,Large intestine ,lcsh:Science ,Sensors and probes ,Colonic lumen ,Biological models ,Multidisciplinary ,Tissue respiration ,Chemistry ,Optical Imaging ,lcsh:R ,HCT116 Cells ,Oxygen ,HEK293 Cells ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Optics and photonics ,Molecular Probes ,Nanoparticles ,Female ,lcsh:Q ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Ex vivo ,Biomedical engineering ,Lumen (unit) - Abstract
O2 PLIM microscopy was employed in various studies, however current platforms have limitations in sensitivity, image acquisition speed, accuracy and general usability. We describe a new PLIM imager based on the Timepix3 camera (Tpx3cam) and its application for imaging of O2 concentration in various tissue samples stained with a nanoparticle based probe, NanO2-IR. Upon passive staining of mouse brain, lung or intestinal tissue surface with minute quantities of NanO2-IR or by microinjecting the probe into the lumen of small or large intestine fragments, robust phosphorescence intensity and lifetime signals were produced, which allow mapping of O2 in the tissue within 20 s. Inhibition of tissue respiration or limitation of O2 diffusion to tissue produced the anticipated increases or decreases in O2 levels, respectively. The difference in O2 concentration between the colonic lumen and air-exposed serosal surface was around 140 µM. Furthermore, subcutaneous injection of 5 µg of the probe in intact organs (a paw or tail of sacrificed mice) enabled efficient O2 imaging at tissue depths of up to 0.5 mm. Overall, the PLIM imager holds promise for metabolic imaging studies with various ex vivo models of animal tissue, and also for use in live animals.
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- 2020
11. Design of an ELC resonator-based reusable RF microfluidic sensor for blood glucose estimation
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Greeshmaja Govind and M. Jaleel Akhtar
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Blood Glucose ,Materials science ,Capillary action ,Microfluidics ,lcsh:Medicine ,Biocompatible Materials ,02 engineering and technology ,Biosensing Techniques ,01 natural sciences ,Characterization and analytical techniques ,Article ,Resonator ,Electricity ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Equipment Reuse ,Enhanced sensitivity ,Animals ,Humans ,Microwaves ,lcsh:Science ,Groove (music) ,Sensors and probes ,Monitoring, Physiologic ,Multidisciplinary ,Lab-on-a-chip ,business.industry ,Borosilicate glass ,Goats ,Silicates ,010401 analytical chemistry ,lcsh:R ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Equipment Design ,Biocompatible material ,Electrical and electronic engineering ,0104 chemical sciences ,Design, synthesis and processing ,Optoelectronics ,lcsh:Q ,Glass ,business ,Microwave - Abstract
Design of a reusable microfluidic sensor for blood glucose estimation at microwave frequencies is presented. The sensing unit primarily comprises a complementary electric LC (CELC) resonator, which is made reusable by filling the test sample in a glass capillary before mounting it inside a groove cut in the central arm of the resonator. The use of glass capillary in the present situation to contain the blood sample actually eliminates the possibility of any direct contact of the sensor with the test sample, and hence wards off any coincidental contamination of the sensor. Usage of the capillary provides additional benefits as only microliters of the sample are required, besides offering sterile measuring environment since these capillaries are disposable. The capillary made of borosilicate glass is highly biocompatible and exhibits exceptionally high chemical resistance in corrosive environments. Apart from reusability, the novelty of the proposed sensor also lies in its enhanced sensitivity which is quite an essential factor when it comes to the measurement of glucose concentration in the human physiological range. The applicability of the proposed scheme for glucose sensing is demonstrated by performing RF measurements of aqueous glucose solutions and goat blood samples using the fabricated sensor.
- Published
- 2020
12. Photoacoustic in vivo 3D imaging of tumor using a highly tumor-targeting probe under high-threshold conditions
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Yu Kimura, Teruyuki Kondo, Natsuki Matsumoto, Hisatsugu Yamada, Aoi Son, Hiroaki Konishi, Tetsuya Matsuda, Hirohiko Imai, Yasuhiro Aoyama, and Takanori Komaki
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Light ,Polymers ,Nanoparticle ,lcsh:Medicine ,Biocompatible Materials ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Fluorescent dyes ,Imaging ,Hemoglobins ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Drug Delivery Systems ,Diagnosis ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Scattering, Radiation ,Cyanine ,lcsh:Science ,Diagnostics ,Sensors and probes ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,Multidisciplinary ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Colonic Neoplasms ,Female ,Medical imaging ,0210 nano-technology ,Indocyanine Green ,Materials science ,Biocompatibility ,010402 general chemistry ,Methacrylate ,Article ,Photoacoustic Techniques ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Near-infrared spectroscopy ,In vivo ,Target identification ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Animals ,Phosphorylcholine ,lcsh:R ,0104 chemical sciences ,Coupling (electronics) ,chemistry ,Drug delivery ,Biophysics ,Nanoparticles ,Cancer imaging ,lcsh:Q ,Neoplasm Transplantation ,Conjugate - Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) representation of a tumor with respect to its size, shape, location, and boundaries is still a challenge in photoacoustic (PA) imaging using artificial contrast agents as probes. We carried out PA imaging of tumors in mice using 800RS-PMPC, which was obtained by coupling of 800RS, a near-infrared cyanine dye, with PMPC, a highly selective tumor-targeting methacrylate polymer having phosphorylcholine side chains, as a probe. The conjugate 800RS-PMPC forms compact nanoparticles (dDLS = 14.3 nm), retains the biocompatibility of the parent polymer (PMPC) and exhibits unprecedented PA performance. When applied to mice bearing a 6 × 3 × 3 mm3 tumor buried 6 mm beneath the skin, the probe 800RS-PMPC selectively accumulates in the tumor and emits PA signals that are strong enough to be unambiguously distinguished from noise signals of endogenous blood/hemoglobin. The PA image thus obtained under high-threshold conditions allows 3D characterization of the tumor in terms of its size, shape, location, and boundaries.
- Published
- 2020
13. Electron transfer-triggered imaging of EGFR signaling activity
- Author
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Jie Tan, Hao Li, Cailing Ji, Lei Zhang, Chenxuan Zhao, Liming Tang, Caixin Zhang, Zhijun Sun, Weihong Tan, and Quan Yuan
- Subjects
Diagnostic Imaging ,Metallocenes ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Electrons ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Electron Transport ,Mice ,Animals ,Humans ,Ferrous Compounds ,Sensors and probes ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Multidisciplinary ,Optical Imaging ,Growth factor signalling ,General Chemistry ,ErbB Receptors ,A549 Cells ,Molecular Probes ,Nanoparticles ,Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,Female ,sense organs ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
In vivo electron transfer processes are closely related to the activation of signaling pathways, and, thus, affect various life processes. Indeed, the signaling pathway activation of key molecules may be associated with certain diseases. For example, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation is related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Hence, monitoring the activation of EGFR-related signaling pathways can help reveal the progression of tumor development. However, it is challenging for current detection methods to monitor the activation of specific signaling pathways in complex biochemical reactions. Here we designed a highly sensitive and specific nanoprobe that enables in vivo imaging of electronic transfer over a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. By using the ferrocene-DNA polymer “wire”, the electrons transferred in a biochemical reaction can flow to persistent luminescent nanoparticles and change their electron distribution, thereby altering the optical signal of the particles. This electron transfer-triggered imaging probe enables mapping the activation of EGFR-related signaling pathways in a temporally and spatially precise manner. By offering precise visualization of signaling activity, this approach may offer a general platform not only for understanding molecular mechanisms in various biological processes but also for promoting disease therapies and drug evaluation., Here, the authors design a nanoprobe for in vivo imaging of electronic transfer, consisting of a ferrocene-DNA polymer to transfer electrons to luminescent nanoparticles, changing their optical signal. Using this probe, they map activation of EGFR signalling during tumour treatment.
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- 2022
14. Smart facemask for wireless CO2 monitoring
- Author
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P. Escobedo, M. D. Fernández-Ramos, N. López-Ruiz, O. Moyano-Rodríguez, A. Martínez-Olmos, I. M. Pérez de Vargas-Sansalvador, M. A. Carvajal, L. F. Capitán-Vallvey, and A. J. Palma
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Science ,Masks ,General Physics and Astronomy ,COVID-19 ,Reproducibility of Results ,Diagnostic markers ,General Chemistry ,Biosensing Techniques ,Equipment Design ,Carbon Dioxide ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Electrical and electronic engineering ,Wearable Electronic Devices ,Electrical engineering ,Optical materials ,Humans ,Personal Protective Equipment ,Biomedical engineering ,Electronic Engineering ,Sensors and probes - Abstract
This study was funded by Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ (Projects PID2019-103938RB-I00 and ECQ2018-004937-P) and Junta de Andalucía (Projects B-FQM-243-UGR18, P18-RT-2961 and postdoctoral grant of PE DOC_00520). The projects were partially supported by European Regional Development Funds (ERDF)., Source codes for microcontroller firmware (developed with MPLAB X IDE v5.45) and AndroidTM smartphone application (SmartMask v1.0) are available at an open-access repository (URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/71668) under a Creative Commons license., The use of facemasks by the general population is recommended worldwide to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Despite the evidence in favour of facemasks to reduce community transmission, there is also agreement on the potential adverse effects of their prolonged usage, mainly caused by CO2 rebreathing. Herein we report the development of a sensing platform for gaseous CO2 real-time determination inside FFP2 facemasks. The system con- sists of an opto-chemical sensor combined with a flexible, battery-less, near-field-enabled tag with resolution and limit of detection of 103 and 140 ppm respectively, and sensor lifetime of 8 h, which is comparable with recommended FFP2 facemask usage times. We include a custom smartphone application for wireless powering, data processing, alert management, results displaying and sharing. Through performance tests during daily activity and exercise monitoring, we demonstrate its utility for non-invasive, wearable health assessment and its potential applicability for preclinical research and diagnostics., B-FQM-243-UGR18 Consejeria de Economia, Innovacion, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucia (Ministry of Economy, Innovation, Science and Employment, Government of Andalucia), P18-RT-2961 Consejeria de Economia, Innovacion, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucia (Ministry of Economy, Innovation, Science and Employment, Government of Andalucia), DOC_00520 Consejeria de Economia, Innovacion, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucia (Ministry of Economy, Innovation, Science and Employment, Government of Andalucia)
- Published
- 2022
15. Hippocampal alterations in glutamatergic signaling during amyloid progression in AβPP/PS1 mice
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Caleigh A Findley, Lindsey N. Sime, Erin R. Hascup, and Kevin N. Hascup
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Amyloid ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Glutamine ,Glutamic Acid ,lcsh:Medicine ,Hippocampal formation ,Neurotransmission ,Predictive markers ,Hippocampus ,Article ,Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Glutamatergic ,Basal (phylogenetics) ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Alzheimer Disease ,Memory ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Neurodegeneration ,Maze Learning ,lcsh:Science ,Sensors and probes ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemistry ,lcsh:R ,Glutamate receptor ,Alzheimer's disease ,medicine.disease ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,nervous system ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Dementia ,lcsh:Q ,Microelectrodes ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Our previous research demonstrated that soluble amyloid-β (Aβ)42, elicits presynaptic glutamate release. We hypothesized that accumulation and deposition of Aβ altered glutamatergic neurotransmission in a temporally and spatially dependent manner. To test this hypothesis, a glutamate selective microelectrode array (MEA) was used to monitor dentate (DG), CA3, and CA1 hippocampal extracellular glutamate levels in 2–4, 6–8, and 18–20 month-old male AβPP/PS1 and age-matched C57BL/6J control mice. Starting at 6 months of age, AβPP/PS1 basal glutamate levels are elevated in all three hippocampal subregions that becomes more pronounced at the oldest age group. Evoked glutamate release was elevated in all three age groups in the DG, but temporally delayed to 18–20 months in the CA3 of AβPP/PS1 mice. However, CA1 evoked glutamate release in AβPP/PS1 mice was elevated at 2–4 months of age and declined with age. Plaque deposition was anatomically aligned (but temporally delayed) with elevated glutamate levels; whereby accumulation was first observed in the CA1 and DG starting at 6–8 months that progressed throughout all hippocampal subregions by 18–20 months of age. The temporal hippocampal glutamate changes observed in this study may serve as a biomarker allowing for time point specific therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer’s disease patients.
- Published
- 2020
16. A STING-based biosensor affords broad cyclic dinucleotide detection within single living eukaryotic cells
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Joshua J. Woodward, Shivam A. Zaver, and Alex J. Pollock
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0301 basic medicine ,Science ,Immunology ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Biosensing Techniques ,Computational biology ,Ligands ,Biochemistry ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Protein Domains ,Fluorescence resonance energy transfer ,Animals ,Humans ,Nucleotide ,lcsh:Science ,Cyclic GMP ,Sensors and probes ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Multidisciplinary ,Bacterial disease ,Innate immune system ,Chemistry ,Membrane Proteins ,General Chemistry ,Flow Cytometry ,Immunity, Innate ,Recombinant Proteins ,In vitro ,HEK293 Cells ,030104 developmental biology ,Förster resonance energy transfer ,Mutagenesis ,Second messenger system ,lcsh:Q ,Nucleotides, Cyclic ,Protein Multimerization ,Biosensor ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Bacillus subtilis ,Signal Transduction ,Binding domain - Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are second messengers conserved across all three domains of life. Within eukaryotes they mediate protective roles in innate immunity against malignant, viral, and bacterial disease, and exert pathological effects in autoimmune disorders. Despite their ubiquitous role in diverse biological contexts, CDN detection methods are limited. Here, using structure guided design of the murine STING CDN binding domain, we engineer a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based biosensor deemed BioSTING. Recombinant BioSTING affords real-time detection of CDN synthase activity and inhibition. Expression of BioSTING in live human cells allows quantification of localized bacterial and eukaryotic CDN levels in single cells with low nanomolar sensitivity. These findings establish BioSTING as a powerful kinetic in vitro platform amenable to high throughput screens and as a broadly applicable cellular tool to interrogate the temporal and spatial dynamics of CDN signaling in a variety of infectious, malignant, and autoimmune contexts., Cyclic dinucleotides are conserved second messengers but current detection methods are limited. Here the authors engineer a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based biosensor, BioSTING, which gives real-time in vitro detection of these nucleotides.
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- 2020
17. Ultrasonic atomizer based development of pH sensor for real time analysis
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Sandeep Choudhary, Gaurav Pandey, Abhijeet Joshi, and Rashmi Chaudhari
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Materials science ,Fluorophore ,Science ,Food spoilage ,Dispersity ,Optical spectroscopy ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,pH meter ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Real time analysis ,Sensors and probes ,Multidisciplinary ,Chromatography ,Biological techniques ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Nanobiotechnology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Fluorescence ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Linear range ,Medicine ,0210 nano-technology ,Biosensor - Abstract
Fluorescent pH biosensors have gained importance owing to their low cost utilization in real time monitoring of biological and food samples in comparison to conventional pH meters. The research reports a novel method of ultrasonic atomization for developing a fluorescent pH sensor for real-time analysis made of Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran/FITC-dextran-Tris (2, 2′-bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium (II) hexahydrate as indicator and reference fluorophores, respectively. The process of ultrasonic atomization ensures formation of monodisperse dye immobilized alginate microspheres ensuring efficient pH sensing. The developed biosensor was tested on milk samples, which has a short life span and shows a significant fall in pH with time due to microbial spoilage. The proposed biosensor showed a linear range of pH 4–8 (R2 between 0.96–0.99 for different single/dual fluorophore biosensors) which suitably cover the pH of milk during the entire storage period and spoilage. The % recovery for predicted pH falls between 90–110% compared against standard pH meter, indicating a good accuracy of estimation and low turnaround time (10 min). Thus, real-time monitoring using fluorescent pH biosensor for milk samples may profoundly improve the economics of losses occurring in processing and storage with capability of in-package continuous quality assessment.
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- 2020
18. A highly sensitive uric acid electrochemical biosensor based on a nano-cube cuprous oxide/ferrocene/uricase modified glassy carbon electrode
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Guangri Xu, Na Zhi, Li Yang, Shujuan Sun, Qiqing Zhang, Qinghua Yan, and Qigao Feng
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Materials science ,Metallocenes ,lcsh:Medicine ,Biosensing Techniques ,02 engineering and technology ,Electrochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ferrous Compounds ,lcsh:Science ,Electrodes ,Analytical biochemistry ,Sensors and probes ,Detection limit ,Multidisciplinary ,010401 analytical chemistry ,lcsh:R ,Nanobiotechnology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Carbon ,Uric Acid ,0104 chemical sciences ,Dielectric spectroscopy ,Ferrocene ,chemistry ,Electrode ,lcsh:Q ,Differential pulse voltammetry ,Cyclic voltammetry ,0210 nano-technology ,Biosensor ,Copper ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
A uric acid (UA) electrochemical biosensor was constructed using ferrocene (Fc) decorated cuprous oxide (Cu2O) enhanced electro-active characteristics and covalently immobilized with uricase (UOx) on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemical characteristics of the fabricated electrode was analysed by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). DPV studies revealed rapid response of fabricated electrode UOx/Fc/Cu2O/GCE towards UA in a wide concentration range of 0.1–1,000 μM with a sensitivity of 1.900 μA mM−1 cm−2 and very low detection limit of 0.0596 μM. A very low magnitude Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) value was evaluated as 34.7351 μM which indicated the chemical attraction of the enzyme towards the UA was much higher. The developed biosensor was successfully applied to detect UA in human urine samples. Moreover, reproducibility and stability studies demonstrated the fabricated UOx/Fc/Cu2O/GCE biosensor had high reproducibility with a RSD of 2.8% and good reusability with a RSD of 3.2%. Specificity studies results showed the fabricated biosensor had strong anti-interference ability. The improved sensor performance was attributed to the synergistic electronic properties of Cu2O and Fc that provided enhances delectrocatalytic activity and electron transfer. The present biosensor can be extended for use in clinical settings.
- Published
- 2020
19. Differential recognition of lipid domains by two Gb3-binding lectins
- Author
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Schubert, Thomas, Sych, Taras, Madl, Josef, Xu, Maokai, Omidvar, Ramin, Patalag, Lukas J., Ries, Annika, Kettelhoit, Katharina, Brandel, Annette, Mely, Yves, Steinem, Claudia, Werz, Daniel B., Thuenauer, Roland, and Römer, Winfried
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Shigella dysenteriae ,Trihexosylceramides ,Cell Membrane ,Lipid Bilayers ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Epithelial Cells ,Cellular imaging ,Ligands ,Shiga Toxins ,Article ,Glycosphingolipids ,Shiga Toxin ,Membrane biophysics ,Lectins ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,lcsh:Q ,Adhesins, Bacterial ,lcsh:Science ,Sensors and probes ,Unilamellar Liposomes ,Protein Binding - Abstract
The two lectins LecA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the B-subunit of Shiga toxin from Shigella dysenteriae (StxB) share the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) as receptor. Counterintuitively, we found that LecA and StxB segregated into different domains after recognizing Gb3 at the plasma membrane of cells. We hypothesized that the orientation of the carbohydrate head group of Gb3 embedded in the lipid bilayer differentially influences LecA and StxB binding. To test this hypothesis, we reconstituted lectin-Gb3 interaction using giant unilamellar vesicles and were indeed able to rebuild LecA and StxB segregation. Both, the Gb3 fatty acyl chain structure and the local membrane environment, modulated Gb3 recognition by LecA and StxB. Specifically, StxB preferred more ordered membranes compared to LecA. Based on our findings, we propose comparing staining patterns of LecA and StxB as an alternative method to assess membrane order in cells. To verify this approach, we re-established that the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells is more ordered than the basolateral plasma membrane. Additionally, we found that StxB recognized Gb3 at the primary cilium and the periciliary membrane, whereas LecA only bound periciliary Gb3. This suggests that the ciliary membrane is of higher order than the surrounding periciliary membrane.
- Published
- 2020
20. A deep-learned skin sensor decoding the epicentral human motions
- Author
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Kyun Kyu Kim, Seung Hwan Ko, Phillip Won, Joonhwa Choi, Sungho Jo, Inho Ha, and Min Kim
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Materials for devices ,Decodes ,Silver ,Computer science ,Science ,Soft robotics ,Electronic skin ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Metal Nanoparticles ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Biosensing Techniques ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Motion ,Wearable Electronic Devices ,Gait (human) ,Match moving ,Position (vector) ,Humans ,Computer vision ,lcsh:Science ,Sensors and probes ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Artificial neural network ,Sensors ,business.industry ,Temperature ,General Chemistry ,Wrist ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,Mechanical engineering ,0104 chemical sciences ,lcsh:Q ,Artificial intelligence ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Wireless sensor network - Abstract
State monitoring of the complex system needs a large number of sensors. Especially, studies in soft electronics aim to attain complete measurement of the body, mapping various stimulations like temperature, electrophysiological signals, and mechanical strains. However, conventional approach requires many sensor networks that cover the entire curvilinear surfaces of the target area. We introduce a new measuring system, a novel electronic skin integrated with a deep neural network that captures dynamic motions from a distance without creating a sensor network. The device detects minute deformations from the unique laser-induced crack structures. A single skin sensor decodes the complex motion of five finger motions in real-time, and the rapid situation learning (RSL) ensures stable operation regardless of its position on the wrist. The sensor is also capable of extracting gait motions from pelvis. This technology is expected to provide a turning point in health-monitoring, motion tracking, and soft robotics., Real-time monitoring human motions normally demands connecting a large number of sensors in a complicated network. To make it simpler, Kim et al. decode the motion of fingers using a flexible sensor attached on wrist that measures skin deformation with the help of a deep-learning architecture.
- Published
- 2020
21. Fluorescence anisotropy assays for high throughput screening of compounds binding to lipid II, PBP1b, FtsW and MurJ
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Boes, Adrien, Olatunji, Samir, Mohammadi, Tamimount, Breukink, Eefjan, Terrak, Mohammed, Sub Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, and Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics
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Science ,Fluorescence Polarization ,Biochemistry ,Microbiology ,Article ,Bacterial Proteins ,Vancomycin ,Depsipeptides ,Penicillin-Binding Proteins ,Phospholipid Transfer Proteins ,Analytical biochemistry ,Sensors and probes ,Nisin ,Bacteria ,Antimicrobials ,Escherichia coli Proteins ,Biological techniques ,Infectious-disease diagnostics ,High-throughput screening ,Membrane Proteins ,Serine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala Carboxypeptidase ,Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid ,Enzymes ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,High-Throughput Screening Assays ,Medicine ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Peptidoglycan Glycosyltransferase ,Protein Binding - Abstract
Lipid II precursor and its processing by a flippase and peptidoglycan polymerases are considered key hot spot targets for antibiotics. We have developed a fluorescent anisotropy (FA) assay using a unique and versatile probe (fluorescent lipid II) and monitored direct binding between lipid II and interacting proteins (PBP1b, FtsW and MurJ), as well as between lipid II and interacting antibiotics (vancomycin, nisin, ramoplanin and a small molecule). Competition experiments performed using unlabelled lipid II, four lipid II-binding antibiotics and moenomycin demonstrate that the assay can detect compounds interacting with lipid II or the proteins. These results provide a proof-of-concept for the use of this assay in a high-throughput screening of compounds against all these targets. In addition, the assay constitutes a powerful tool in the study of the mode of action of compounds that interfere with these processes. Interestingly, FA assay with lipid II probe has the advantage over moenomycin based probe to potentially identify compounds that interfere with both donor and acceptor sites of the aPBPs GTase as well as compounds that bind to lipid II. In addition, this assay would allow the screening of compounds against SEDS proteins and MurJ which do not interact with moenomycin.
- Published
- 2020
22. A tailored, electronic textile conformable suit for large-scale spatiotemporal physiological sensing in vivo
- Author
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Eric J. Pence, Clare Liu, Carson I. Tucker, Irmandy Wicaksono, Canan Dagdeviren, Tao Sun, Cesar A. Guerrero, and Wesley M. Woo
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Textile ,TK7800-8360 ,Computer science ,Wearable computer ,lcsh:TK7800-8360 ,02 engineering and technology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Robustness (computer science) ,Electronic engineering ,Electrical performance ,General Materials Science ,Electronics ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,Sensors and probes ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Physical Comfort ,lcsh:Electronics ,Skin temperature ,Conformable matrix ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Electrical and electronic engineering ,TA401-492 ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
The rapid advancement of electronic devices and fabrication technologies has further promoted the field of wearables and smart textiles. However, most of the current efforts in textile electronics focus on a single modality and cover a small area. Here, we have developed a tailored, electronic textile conformable suit (E-TeCS) to perform large-scale, multimodal physiological (temperature, heart rate, and respiration) sensing in vivo. This platform can be customized for various forms, sizes and functions using standard, accessible and high-throughput textile manufacturing and garment patterning techniques. Similar to a compression shirt, the soft and stretchable nature of the tailored E-TeCS allows intimate contact between electronics and the skin with a pressure value of around ~25 mmHg, allowing for physical comfort and improved precision of sensor readings on skin. The E-TeCS can detect skin temperature with an accuracy of 0.1 °C and a precision of 0.01 °C, as well as heart rate and respiration with a precision of 0.0012 m/s2 through mechano-acoustic inertial sensing. The knit textile electronics can be stretched up to 30% under 1000 cycles of stretching without significant degradation in mechanical and electrical performance. Experimental and theoretical investigations are conducted for each sensor modality along with performing the robustness of sensor-interconnects, washability, and breathability of the suit. Collective results suggest that our E-TeCS can simultaneously and wirelessly monitor 30 skin temperature nodes across the human body over an area of 1500 cm2, during seismocardiac events and respiration, as well as physical activity through inertial dynamics.
- Published
- 2020
23. A pocket-escaping design to prevent the common interference with near-infrared fluorescent probes in vivo
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Huanling Li, Panfei Xing, Daping Xie, Zhenzhen Wang, Chunming Wang, Ruoyu Mu, Lei Dong, and Yiming Niu
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Liver Cirrhosis ,Analyte ,Infrared Rays ,Liver fibrosis ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,Plasma protein binding ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Imaging ,In vivo ,Albumins ,Animals ,Chemical synthesis ,lcsh:Science ,Analytical biochemistry ,Sensors and probes ,Backdoor ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemistry ,Near-infrared spectroscopy ,Reproducibility of Results ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Fluorescence ,0104 chemical sciences ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Docking (molecular) ,Biophysics ,Female ,lcsh:Q ,0210 nano-technology ,Chemical tools ,Protein Binding - Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes are among the most attractive chemical tools for biomedical imaging. However, their in vivo applications are hindered by albumin binding, generating unspecific fluorescence that masks the specific signal from the analyte. Here, combining experimental and docking methods, we elucidate that the reason for this problem is an acceptor (A) group-mediated capture of the dyes into hydrophobic pockets of albumin. This pocket-capturing phenomenon commonly applies to dyes designed under the twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) principle and, therefore, represents a generic but previously unidentified backdoor problem. Accordingly, we create a new A group that avoids being trapped into the albumin pockets (pocket-escaping) and thereby construct a NIR probe, BNLBN, which effectively prevents this backdoor problem with increased imaging accuracy for liver fibrosis in vivo. Overall, our study explains and overcomes a fundamental problem for the in vivo application of a broad class of bioimaging tools., Near-infrared fluorescent probes hold great potential for biomedical imaging but most bind to albumin, generating unspecific fluorescence. Here the authors identify the acceptor (A) group as responsible and design a new A group that avoids capture by albumin, and apply it to imaging liver fibrosis in vivo.
- Published
- 2020
24. Developing a highly efficient hydroxytyrosol whole-cell catalyst by de-bottlenecking rate-limiting steps
- Author
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Jian-Ming Jin, Yong Tao, Yang He, Nannan Su, Sakshibeedu R. Bharath, Haiwei Song, Jun Yao, Wei Chen, and Shuang-Yan Tang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Biosensing Techniques ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Corynebacterium glutamicum ,Mixed Function Oxygenases ,Metabolic engineering ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bacterial Proteins ,Vanillic acid ,Escherichia coli ,Tyrosine ,lcsh:Science ,Sensors and probes ,X-ray crystallography ,Vanillic Acid ,Multidisciplinary ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,010405 organic chemistry ,Escherichia coli Proteins ,High-throughput screening ,General Chemistry ,Free Radical Scavengers ,Phenylethyl Alcohol ,Free radical scavenger ,Directed evolution ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biosynthetic Pathways ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Metabolic Engineering ,Mutation ,Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ,Hydroxytyrosol ,Feasibility Studies ,lcsh:Q ,Directed Molecular Evolution ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol is an antioxidant free radical scavenger that is biosynthesized from tyrosine. In metabolic engineering efforts, the use of the mouse tyrosine hydroxylase limits its production. Here, we design an efficient whole-cell catalyst of hydroxytyrosol in Escherichia coli by de-bottlenecking two rate-limiting enzymatic steps. First, we replace the mouse tyrosine hydroxylase by an engineered two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase HpaBC of E. coli through structure-guided modeling and directed evolution. Next, we elucidate the structure of the Corynebacterium glutamicum VanR regulatory protein complexed with its inducer vanillic acid. By switching its induction specificity from vanillic acid to hydroxytyrosol, VanR is engineered into a hydroxytyrosol biosensor. Then, with this biosensor, we use in vivo-directed evolution to optimize the activity of tyramine oxidase (TYO), the second rate-limiting enzyme in hydroxytyrosol biosynthesis. The final strain reaches a 95% conversion rate of tyrosine. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of sequentially de-bottlenecking rate-limiting steps for whole-cell catalyst development., Whole-cell catalyst-based hydroxytyrosol production is low. Here, the authors increase the efficiency of its production in E. coli by de-bottlenecking two enzymatic steps catalyzed by monooxygenase and tyramine oxidase using structure-based enzyme redesign or in vivo-directed evolution with the aid of a newly developed biosensor.
- Published
- 2020
25. Graphene-based sensing of oxygen transport through pulmonary membranes
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Cecilia Leal, Mijung Kim, and Marilyn Porras-Gómez
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Cell Membrane Permeability ,Lipid Bilayers ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,Microscopy, Atomic Force ,01 natural sciences ,Oxygen ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pulmonary surfactant ,X-Ray Diffraction ,Cardiolipin ,lcsh:Science ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Sensors and probes ,Hyperoxia ,Multidisciplinary ,Microscopy, Confocal ,Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,3. Good health ,Experimental models of disease ,Membrane ,Microtechnology ,Graphite ,medicine.symptom ,0210 nano-technology ,Transistors, Electronic ,Cardiolipins ,Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010402 general chemistry ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Oxygen permeability ,Scattering, Small Angle ,medicine ,Pneumonia, Bacterial ,Animals ,Humans ,Pulmonary Gas Exchange ,Oxygen transport ,General Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,0104 chemical sciences ,respiratory tract diseases ,Pulmonary Alveoli ,Pneumonia ,Biophysics ,lcsh:Q ,Electronic properties and devices ,sense organs - Abstract
Lipid-protein complexes are the basis of pulmonary surfactants covering the respiratory surface and mediating gas exchange in lungs. Cardiolipin is a mitochondrial lipid overexpressed in mammalian lungs infected by bacterial pneumonia. In addition, increased oxygen supply (hyperoxia) is a pathological factor also critical in bacterial pneumonia. In this paper we fabricate a micrometer-size graphene-based sensor to measure oxygen permeation through pulmonary membranes. Combining oxygen sensing, X-ray scattering, and Atomic Force Microscopy, we show that mammalian pulmonary membranes suffer a structural transformation induced by cardiolipin. We observe that cardiolipin promotes the formation of periodic protein–free inter–membrane contacts with rhombohedral symmetry. Membrane contacts, or stalks, promote a significant increase in oxygen gas permeation which may bear significance for alveoli gas exchange imbalance in pneumonia., Changes in the pulmonary membrane, caused by bacterial infection, form part of the pathology of pneumonia. Here, the authors report on a graphene-based oxygen sensor which is used along with X-ray diffraction and AFM to measure the structural changes and changes in oxygen permeability of pulmonary membranes associated with bacterial pneumonia.
- Published
- 2020
26. Quantifying neurologic disease using biosensor measurements in-clinic and in free-living settings in multiple sclerosis
- Author
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Effie Bruzik, Manway Liu, Amy A. Lee, Joshua Burkart, Richard M. Ransohoff, Swaminathan Mahadevan, Sarel Kobus Jooste, Hongsheng Wang, Raphael Cendrillon, Mariann Polgar-Turcsanyi, Florence Thng, Neda Sattarnezhad, Michael P. Cusack, Glenn Phillips, Ali Shoeb, Tanuja Chitnis, Kashyap Tumkur, Emre Demiralp, David Ben-Shimol, Aaron H. Stoertz, Thomas M. Snyder, Richard A. Rudick, Camilo Diaz-Cruz, Linda C. Norton, Anupam J. Pathak, Tushar A. Parlikar, Philip Stephens, Cindy T Gonzalez, Subhash Tummala, Mark Murphy, Vikram Singh Bajaj, William J. Marks, Nikhil Bikhchandani, Erin Soderberg, Joseph Lehar, Brian C. Healy, Taylor J. Saraceno, Rohit Bakshi, Bonnie I. Glanz, Jane Rhodes, Howard L. Weiner, Alaa Kharbouch, and Alexander W. Blocker
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Health Informatics ,Disease ,lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,Article ,Multiple sclerosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sensors and probes ,Balance (ability) ,Expanded Disability Status Scale ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Gait ,Computer Science Applications ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cohort ,Physical therapy ,lcsh:R858-859.7 ,Ankle ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cohort study - Abstract
Technological advances in passive digital phenotyping present the opportunity to quantify neurological diseases using new approaches that may complement clinical assessments. Here, we studied multiple sclerosis (MS) as a model neurological disease for investigating physiometric and environmental signals. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and correlation of wearable biosensors with traditional clinical measures of disability both in clinic and in free-living in MS patients. This is a single site observational cohort study conducted at an academic neurological center specializing in MS. A cohort of 25 MS patients with varying disability scores were recruited. Patients were monitored in clinic while wearing biosensors at nine body locations at three separate visits. Biosensor-derived features including aspects of gait (stance time, turn angle, mean turn velocity) and balance were collected, along with standardized disability scores assessed by a neurologist. Participants also wore up to three sensors on the wrist, ankle, and sternum for 8 weeks as they went about their daily lives. The primary outcomes were feasibility, adherence, as well as correlation of biosensor-derived metrics with traditional neurologist-assessed clinical measures of disability. We used machine-learning algorithms to extract multiple features of motion and dexterity and correlated these measures with more traditional measures of neurological disability, including the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and the MS functional composite-4 (MSFC-4). In free-living, sleep measures were additionally collected. Twenty-three subjects completed the first two of three in-clinic study visits and the 8-week free-living biosensor period. Several biosensor-derived features significantly correlated with EDSS and MSFC-4 scores derived at visit two, including mobility stance time with MSFC-4 z-score (Spearman correlation −0.546; p = 0.0070), several aspects of turning including turn angle (0.437; p = 0.0372), and maximum angular velocity (0.653; p = 0.0007). Similar correlations were observed at subsequent clinic visits, and in the free-living setting. We also found other passively collected signals, including measures of sleep, that correlated with disease severity. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of applying passive biosensor measurement techniques to monitor disability in MS patients both in clinic and in the free-living setting.
- Published
- 2019
27. Localized Dielectric Loss Heating in Dielectrophoresis Devices
- Author
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Chung Hoon Lee, Woo-Jin Chang, Rashid Bashir, Imtiaz Hossen, and Tae Joon Kwak
- Subjects
Materials science ,lcsh:Medicine ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Thermal mass ,lcsh:Science ,Sensors and probes ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Numerical analysis ,Electronics, photonics and device physics ,010401 analytical chemistry ,lcsh:R ,Dissipation ,Dielectrophoresis ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Interdigitated electrode ,Optoelectronics ,Dielectric loss ,lcsh:Q ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Joule heating ,Voltage - Abstract
Temperature increases during dielectrophoresis (DEP) can affect the response of biological entities, and ignoring the effect can result in misleading analysis. The heating mechanism of a DEP device is typically considered to be the result of Joule heating and is overlooked without an appropriate analysis. Our experiment and analysis indicate that the heating mechanism is due to the dielectric loss (Debye relaxation). A temperature increase between interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) has been measured with an integrated micro temperature sensor between IDEs to be as high as 70 °C at 1.5 MHz with a 30 Vpp applied voltage to our ultra-low thermal mass DEP device. Analytical and numerical analysis of the power dissipation due to the dielectric loss are in good agreement with the experiment data.
- Published
- 2019
28. Thermodynamics and kinetics guided probe design for uniformly sensitive and specific DNA hybridization without optimization
- Author
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Xianjin Xiao, Xing Zhou, Jiaju Xu, Meiping Zhao, Na Liu, Liquan Liu, Hongbo Wang, Meng Lin, Wei Chen, Na Chen, and Xin Chen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Science ,Kinetics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Thermodynamics ,010402 general chemistry ,Dna testing ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Genomic analysis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Humans ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Inverse correlation ,lcsh:Science ,Analytical biochemistry ,Sensors and probes ,Ovarian Neoplasms ,Detection limit ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemistry ,DNA–DNA hybridization ,Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,food and beverages ,DNA ,General Chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,genomic DNA ,030104 developmental biology ,Female ,Human genome ,lcsh:Q - Abstract
Sensitive and specific DNA hybridization is essential for nucleic acid chemistry. Competitive composition of probe and blocker has been the most adopted probe design for its relatively high sensitivity and specificity. However, the sensitivity and specificity were inversely correlated over the length and concentration of the blocker strand, making the optimization process cumbersome. Herein, we construct a theoretical model for competitive DNA hybridization, which disclose that both the thermodynamics and kinetics contribute to the inverse correlation. Guided by this, we invent the 4-way Strand Exchange LEd Competitive DNA Testing (SELECT) system, which breaks up the inverse correlation. Using SELECT, we identified 16 hot-pot mutations in human genome under uniform conditions, without optimization at all. The specificities were all above 140. As a demonstration of the clinical practicability, we develop probe systems that detect mutations in human genomic DNA extracted from ovarian cancer patients with a detection limit of 0.1%., Optimisation of nucleic acid probes and blocker strands can be laborious. Here the authors construct a theoretical model of competitive DNA hybridisation to design DNA probes for optimisation-free mutation detection.
- Published
- 2019
29. Dual Optical Signal-based Intraocular Pressure-sensing Principle Using Pressure-sensitive Mechanoluminescent ZnS:Cu/PDMS Soft Composite
- Author
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Gwang-Yong Jung, Yooil Kim, Sunanda Roy, Jung-Sik Oh, and Gi-Woo Kim
- Subjects
Materials science ,genetic structures ,Composite number ,lcsh:Medicine ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Signal ,Spherical shell ,Article ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,medicine ,Composite material ,lcsh:Science ,Sensors and probes ,Multidisciplinary ,Polydimethylsiloxane ,lcsh:R ,Internal pressure ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Soft sensor ,Mechanical engineering ,eye diseases ,0104 chemical sciences ,Lens (optics) ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Human eye ,lcsh:Q ,sense organs ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
This paper presents a novel principle for intraocular pressure (IOP)-sensing (monitoring) based on a pressure-sensitive soft composite in which a dual optical signal is produced in response to impulsive pressure input. For the initial assessment of the new IOP sensing principle, a human eye is modeled as the spherically shaped shell structure filled with the pressurized fluid, including cornea, sclera, lens and zonular fiber, and a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis was performed to determine the correlation between the internal pressure and deformation (i.e., strain) rate of the spherical shell structure filled with fluid by formulating the finite element model. The FSI analysis results for human eye model are experimentally validated using a proof-of-conceptual experimental model consisting of a pressurized spherical shell structure filled with fluid and a simple air-puff actuation system. In this study, a mechanoluminescent ZnS:Cu- polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based soft composite is fabricated and used to generate the dual optical signal because mechanically driven ZnS:Cu/PDMS soft composite can emit strong luminescence, suitable for soft sensor applications. Similar to the corneal behavior of the human eye, inward and outward deformations occur on the soft composite attached to the spherical shell structure in response to air puffing, resulting in a dual optical signal in the mechnoluminescence (ML) soft composite.
- Published
- 2019
30. Advanced trap lateral flow immunoassay sensor for the detection of cortisol in human bodily fluids
- Author
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Kihyeun Kim, Hyun-Kyung Oh, Min-Gon Kim, Jinhee Park, and Hyungjun Jang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Hydrocortisone ,Science ,Metal Nanoparticles ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Biosensing Techniques ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Trap (computing) ,Predictive Value of Tests ,medicine ,Humans ,Saliva ,Analytical biochemistry ,Sensors and probes ,Reagent Strips ,Immunoassay ,Multidisciplinary ,Lab-on-a-chip ,Molecular Structure ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Reproducibility of Results ,Point-of-Care Testing ,Polyvinyl Alcohol ,Stress disorders ,Medicine ,Gold ,Sensitivity (electronics) ,Signal amplification ,Biosensor ,Biomarkers ,Lateral flow immunoassay ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Paper-based biosensors based on lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) are promising candidates for POC diagnosis because of their ease of use and rapid target detection. However, the low sensitivity of LFI limits its application, and signal amplification has been used in numerous studies to increase its sensitivity. We developed an advanced trap LFI (α-trapLFI), a simple-to-use sensor, with an additional step for signal amplification. Here, signal amplification is automatically implemented following delayed release of enhancement solution induced by water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol tape. As the polyvinyl alcohol tape is exposed to water, its polymer structure is perturbed (within 5 min), allowing ions to pass through. This new sensor was designed to have a short time delay between the flow of solutions used for the immunoassay and signal amplification. The α-trapLFI was subsequently used to detect cortisol with high sensitivity (9.1 pg∙mL−1) over a broad detection range (0.01–1000 ng∙mL−1) in bodily fluids. Furthermore, an excellent correlation was obtained by analyzing 20 human real saliva samples using this sensor and a conventional ELISA (R2 = 0.90). The new sensor will be helpful in detecting various small molecules for simple, rapid, and portable POC diagnosis of stress disorders.
- Published
- 2021
31. Modular fluorescent nanoparticle DNA probes for detection of peptides and proteins
- Author
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Rachel P. Galimidi, Torri E. Rinker, Markus Burns, Deepthi Anumala, Joshua S. Klein, Cassandra M. Stawicki, Sonal S. Tonapi, Julia K. Robinson, and Parag Mallick
- Subjects
Analyte ,Science ,Aptamer ,Nanoparticle ,Nanotechnology ,Biosensing Techniques ,Article ,Fluorescent dyes ,Polyethylene Glycols ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Humans ,Surface charge ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Sensors and probes ,Multidisciplinary ,Base Sequence ,Staining and Labeling ,Assay systems ,Quantum dots ,Hybridization probe ,Oligonucleotide probes ,Proteins ,Nanobiotechnology ,Aptamers, Nucleotide ,Fluorescence ,DNA probes ,chemistry ,Covalent bond ,Medicine ,Nanoparticles ,Surface modification ,Peptides ,DNA - Abstract
Fluorescently labeled antibody and aptamer probes are used in biological studies to characterize binding interactions, measure concentrations of analytes, and sort cells. Fluorescent nanoparticle labels offer an excellent alternative to standard fluorescent labeling strategies due to their enhanced brightness, stability and multivalency; however, challenges in functionalization and characterization have impeded their use. This work introduces a straightforward approach for preparation of fluorescent nanoparticle probes using commercially available reagents and common laboratory equipment. Fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles, Thermo Fisher Scientific FluoSpheres, were used in these proof-of-principle studies. Particle passivation was achieved by covalent attachment of amine-PEG-azide to carboxylated particles, neutralizing the surface charge from − 43 to − 15 mV. A conjugation-annealing handle and DNA aptamer probe were attached to the azide-PEG nanoparticle surface either through reaction of pre-annealed handle and probe or through a stepwise reaction of the nanoparticles with the handle followed by aptamer annealing. Nanoparticles functionalized with DNA aptamers targeting histidine tags and VEGF protein had high affinity (EC50s ranging from 3 to 12 nM) and specificity, and were more stable than conventional labels. This protocol for preparation of nanoparticle probes relies solely on commercially available reagents and common equipment, breaking down the barriers to use nanoparticles in biological experiments.
- Published
- 2021
32. Pre-concentration of microRNAs by LNA-modified magnetic beads for enhancement of electrochemical detection
- Author
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Mark A. Lindsay, Pedro Estrela, and Serife Ustuner
- Subjects
Science ,Oligonucleotides ,Biosensing Techniques ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,microRNA ,Electrochemistry ,Humans ,Circulating MicroRNA ,Sensors and probes ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Detection limit ,Multidisciplinary ,Chromatography ,Peptide nucleic acid ,Oligonucleotide ,Biomolecule ,Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,Electrochemical Techniques ,Cancer detection ,MicroRNAs ,Biosensors ,chemistry ,Dielectric Spectroscopy ,Isolation, separation and purification ,Nucleic acid ,Medicine ,Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ,Biomedical engineering ,Biosensor - Abstract
MicroRNAs are extremely promising candidates for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The levels of circulating microRNAs provide valuable information about cancer disease at its early stages. However, the levels of microRNAs that need to be detected are extremely low and difficult to discriminate from a large pool of oligonucleotides. There is the need for accurate, rapid and sensitive detection methodologies for detection of microRNAs. We developed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-based sensors that can detect miRNAs in diluted serum with a limit of detection of 0.38 fM. In order to further improve the accuracy and reliability of the sensors, we developed an assay using magnetic beads for simple and rapid fishing of target microRNAs from solution and its pre-concentration prior to electrochemical detection. Our methodology utilizes magnetic beads for the capture of the target microRNA from solution and brings the concentrated sample to the sensor surface. We modify the magnetic beads with locked nucleic acids (LNA), which have high affinity and specificity to their complementary microRNA sequence. The separated and concentrated microRNA is then detected using the PNA-based sensors. By exposing the sensing electrodes only to the captured microRNAs, interferences from other nucleotides or biomolecules from the sample are eliminated.
- Published
- 2021
33. Longitudinal Axial Flow Rice Thresher Feeding Rate Monitoring Based On Force Sensing Resistors
- Author
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Mohamed Anwer Abdeen, Gan Xie, Abouelnadar Elsayed Salem, Jianwei Fu, and Guozhong Zhang
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Engineering ,Multidisciplinary ,Science ,Medicine ,Article ,Sensors and probes ,Mechanical engineering - Abstract
The threshing unit is the main working unit of the combine harvester and plays an essential role in rice threshing efficiency, seed loss, and damage. Every thresher has its limitation for feeding, and when the feeding quantity exceeds the maximum rated amount, the thresher gets blocked, resulting in higher losses, low threshing efficiency, more power consumption, and combine overloading shutting down. This study constructed a longitudinal axial flow rice threshing platform, and a stress monitoring system for the threshing drum top cover was designed using force sensing resistors. The sensors were installed on the thresher top cover inner surface to detect the impact and extrusion forces caused by the threshing process and detect the feeding rate when it exceeds the suitable feeding. Three feeding rates (0.8, 1.1, and 1.4 kg/s) and three thresher speeds (1100, 1300, and 1500 rpm) were tested. The time of the testing process was calculated using high-speed photography. The obtained results revealed that the force signals collected by thin-film sensors significantly correlated with thresher rotating speed and feeding rate. The thresher top cover’s average stress, average strain, and average total deformation were simulated using ANSYS finite element analysis. This study provides a new method for threshing drum real-time feeding quantity monitoring and early warning of thresher blockage.
- Published
- 2021
34. Remote photonic detection of human senses using secondary speckle patterns
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Aviya Bennett, Itai Orr, Sergey Agdarov, Zeev Kalyuzhner, Zeev Zalevsky, and Yafim Beiderman
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Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Science ,Optical spectroscopy ,Article ,Imaging ,Speckle pattern ,Optics ,Medicine ,Lasers, LEDs and light sources ,Sensory processing ,Neural Networks, Computer ,Photonics ,Optical techniques ,business ,Sensors and probes ,Software - Abstract
Neural activity research has recently gained significant attention due to its association with sensory information and behavior control. However, the current methods of brain activity sensing require expensive equipment and physical contact with the tested subject. We propose a novel photonic-based method for remote detection of human senses. Physiological processes associated with hemodynamic activity due to activation of the cerebral cortex affected by different senses have been detected by remote monitoring of nano‐vibrations generated by the transient blood flow to the specific regions of the human brain. We have found that a combination of defocused, self‐interference random speckle patterns with a spatiotemporal analysis, using Deep Neural Network, allows associating between the activated sense and the seemingly random speckle patterns.
- Published
- 2021
35. Sensing leg movement enhances wearable monitoring of energy expenditure
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Steven H. Collins, Mykel J. Kochenderfer, Patrick Slade, and Scott L. Delp
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Computer science ,Science ,Real-time computing ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Wearable computer ,Doubly labeled water ,Walking ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Smartwatch ,03 medical and health sciences ,Units of measurement ,Wearable Electronic Devices ,0302 clinical medicine ,Weight management ,Humans ,Movement (clockwork) ,Exercise ,Sensors and probes ,030304 developmental biology ,Balance (ability) ,0303 health sciences ,Leg ,Multidisciplinary ,Stair climbing ,General Chemistry ,Translational research ,Energy expenditure ,Energy Metabolism ,Biomedical engineering ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of global mortality. Health organizations have requested a tool to objectively measure physical activity. Respirometry and doubly labeled water accurately estimate energy expenditure, but are infeasible for everyday use. Smartwatches are portable, but have significant errors. Existing wearable methods poorly estimate time-varying activity, which comprises 40% of daily steps. Here, we present a Wearable System that estimates metabolic energy expenditure in real-time during common steady-state and time-varying activities with substantially lower error than state-of-the-art methods. We perform experiments to select sensors, collect training data, and validate the Wearable System with new subjects and new conditions for walking, running, stair climbing, and biking. The Wearable System uses inertial measurement units worn on the shank and thigh as they distinguish lower-limb activity better than wrist or trunk kinematics and converge more quickly than physiological signals. When evaluated with a diverse group of new subjects, the Wearable System has a cumulative error of 13% across common activities, significantly less than 42% for a smartwatch and 44% for an activity-specific smartwatch. This approach enables accurate physical activity monitoring which could enable new energy balance systems for weight management or large-scale activity monitoring., Current methods to estimate energy expenditure are either infeasible for everyday use or associated with significant errors. Here the authors present a Wearable System using inertial measurement units worn on the shank and thigh that estimates metabolic energy expenditure in real-time during common steady-state and time-varying activities.
- Published
- 2021
36. A stroke detection and discrimination framework using broadband microwave scattering on stochastic models with deep learning
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Leeor Alon and Seena Dehkharghani
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Science ,Normal Distribution ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Article ,Imaging ,Deep Learning ,Electromagnetic Fields ,Humans ,Scattering, Radiation ,Computer Simulation ,Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ,Microwaves ,Sensors and probes ,Stochastic Processes ,Multidisciplinary ,Brain ,Reproducibility of Results ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Physics - Medical Physics ,Electrical and electronic engineering ,Hemorrhagic Stroke ,ROC Curve ,Area Under Curve ,Medicine ,Medical Physics (physics.med-ph) ,Neural Networks, Computer ,Head ,Algorithms - Abstract
Stroke poses an immense public health burden and remains among the primary causes of death and disability worldwide. Emergent therapy is often precluded by late or indeterminate times of onset before initial clinical presentation. Rapid, mobile, safe and low-cost stroke detection technology remains a deeply unmet clinical need. Past studies have explored the use of microwave and other small form-factor strategies for rapid stroke detection; however, widespread clinical adoption remains unrealized. Here, we investigated the use of microwave scattering perturbations from ultra wide-band antenna arrays to learn dielectric signatures of disease. Two deep neural networks (DNNs) were used for: (1) stroke detection (“classification network”), and (2) characterization of the hemorrhage location and size (“discrimination network”). Dielectric signatures were learned on a simulated cohort of 666 hemorrhagic stroke and control subjects using 2D stochastic head models. The classification network yielded a stratified K-fold stroke detection accuracy > 94% with an AUC of 0.996, while the discrimination network resulted in a mean squared error of < 0.004 cm and < 0.02 cm, for the stroke localization and size estimation, respectively. We report a novel approach to intelligent diagnostics using microwave wide-band scattering information thus circumventing conventional image-formation.
- Published
- 2021
37. A H
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Junjie, Chen, Longqi, Chen, Yinglong, Wu, Yichang, Fang, Fang, Zeng, Shuizhu, Wu, and Yanli, Zhao
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Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,Photoacoustics ,Optical Imaging ,Cystitis, Interstitial ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,Self-assembly ,Article ,Fluorescence imaging ,Photoacoustic Techniques ,Mice ,Molecular Probes ,Reperfusion Injury ,Animals ,Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ,Sensors and probes ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Ultrasonography - Abstract
Developing high-quality NIR-II fluorophores (emission in 1000–1700 nm) for in vivo imaging is of great significance. Benzothiadiazole-core fluorophores are an important class of NIR-II dyes, yet ongoing limitations such as aggregation-caused quenching in aqueous milieu and non-activatable response are still major obstacles for their biological applications. Here, we devise an activatable nanoprobe to address these limitations. A molecular probe named BTPE-NO2 is synthesized by linking a benzothiadiazole core with two tetraphenylene groups serving as hydrophobic molecular rotors, followed by incorporating two nitrophenyloxoacetamide units at both ends of the core as recognition moieties and fluorescence quenchers. An FDA-approved amphiphilic polymer Pluronic F127 is then employed to encapsulate the molecular BTPE-NO2 to render the nanoprobe BTPE-NO2@F127. The pathological levels of H2O2 in the disease sites cleave the nitrophenyloxoacetamide groups and activate the probe, thereby generating strong fluorescent emission (950~1200 nm) and ultrasound signal for multi-mode imaging of inflammatory diseases. The nanoprobe can therefore function as a robust tool for detecting and imaging the disease sites with NIR-II fluorescent and multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) imaging. Moreover, the three-dimensional MSOT images can be obtained for visualizing and locating the disease foci., Fluorescent imaging in the second biological window has advantages for in vivo applications. Here, the authors synthesise a molecular nanoprobe which activates upon binding H2O2, generating both strong fluorescent NIR-II emission and ultrasound signal for multi-mode imaging of inflammatory diseases.
- Published
- 2021
38. Protein analysis of extracellular vesicles to monitor and predict therapeutic response in metastatic breast cancer
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Jinqi Deng, Xia Wu, Lili Qin, Shaohua Zhang, Chao Liu, Yang Yuan, Yi Liu, Jiashu Sun, Zefei Jiang, Fei Tian, Yulong Cong, Yike Li, Lili Cai, Ziwei Han, Qinghua Chen, Baoquan Ding, and Yuan Liu
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0301 basic medicine ,Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Breast Neoplasms ,Extracellular vesicles ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Extracellular Vesicles ,0302 clinical medicine ,Text mining ,Breast cancer ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Extracellular ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Medicine ,Humans ,Progression-free survival ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Survival rate ,Sensors and probes ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Tetraspanin 30 ,Diagnostic markers ,General Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,Metastatic breast cancer ,Survival Rate ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,Female ,business - Abstract
Molecular profiling of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) provides a promising noninvasive means to diagnose, monitor, and predict the course of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, the analysis of EV protein markers has been confounded by the presence of soluble protein counterparts in peripheral blood. Here we use a rapid, sensitive, and low-cost thermophoretic aptasensor (TAS) to profile cancer-associated protein profiles of plasma EVs without the interference of soluble proteins. We show that the EV signature (a weighted sum of eight EV protein markers) has a high accuracy (91.1 %) for discrimination of MBC, non-metastatic breast cancer (NMBC), and healthy donors (HD). For MBC patients undergoing therapies, the EV signature can accurately monitor the treatment response across the training, validation, and prospective cohorts, and serve as an independent prognostic factor for progression free survival in MBC patients. Together, this work highlights the potential clinical utility of EVs in management of MBC., A thermophoretic aptasensor can be used to profile cancer-associated proteins of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in patients’ plasma. Here, the authors use this technique to develop an EV-signature able to discriminate metastatic breast cancer, monitor treatment response, and predict patients’ progression-free survival.
- Published
- 2021
39. Coiled-coil heterodimers with increased stability for cellular regulation and sensing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cell fusion
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Roman Jerala, Tjaša Plaper, Petra Dekleva, Mateja Manček, Fabio Lapenta, Jana Aupič, and Mojca Benčina
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0301 basic medicine ,Transcription, Genetic ,Science ,Green Fluorescent Proteins ,010402 general chemistry ,Protein Engineering ,01 natural sciences ,Giant Cells ,Membrane Fusion ,Article ,Cell Fusion ,03 medical and health sciences ,Enzyme reconstitution ,Humans ,Receptor ,Luciferases ,Synthetic biology ,Sensors and probes ,Coiled coil ,Multidisciplinary ,Cell fusion ,Chemistry ,Molecular engineering ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Protein Stability ,Circular Dichroism ,Cellular Regulation ,HEK 293 cells ,Serine Endopeptidases ,Lipid bilayer fusion ,Biological activity ,Protein engineering ,In vitro ,0104 chemical sciences ,Cell biology ,Dissociation constant ,030104 developmental biology ,HEK293 Cells ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ,Medicine ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ,Protein Multimerization ,Peptides - Abstract
Coiled-coil (CC) dimer-forming peptides are attractive designable modules for mediating protein association. Highly stable CCs are desired for biological activity regulation and assay. Here, we report the design and versatile applications of orthogonal CC dimer-forming peptides with a dissociation constant in the low nanomolar range. In vitro stability and specificity was confirmed in mammalian cells by enzyme reconstitution, transcriptional activation using a combination of DNA-binding and a transcriptional activation domain, and cellular-enzyme-activity regulation based on externally-added peptides. In addition to cellular regulation, coiled-coil-mediated reporter reconstitution was used for the detection of cell fusion mediated by the interaction between the spike protein of pandemic SARS-CoV2 and the ACE2 receptor. This assay can be used to investigate the mechanism and screen inhibition of viral spike protein-mediated fusion under the biosafety level 1conditions.
- Published
- 2021
40. Consequence of insertion trauma – effect on early measurements when using intracerebral devices
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Ted Carl Kejlberg Andelius, Mette V. Pedersen, Kasper J Kyng, Nikolaj Bøgh, Vibeke E. Hjortdal, Michael Pedersen, Tine Brink Henriksen, and Camilla Omann
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0301 basic medicine ,Glycerol ,Microdialysis ,Steady state (electronics) ,Swine ,lcsh:Medicine ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Biological property ,Pyruvic Acid ,Medicine ,Degree of precision ,Animals ,Lactic Acid ,lcsh:Science ,Sensors and probes ,Intracranial pressure ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Brain ,Prostheses and Implants ,Oxygen tension ,030104 developmental biology ,Glucose ,Cerebral blood flow ,Brain Injuries ,lcsh:Q ,Cerebral tissue ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
There are a variety of devices that quantify biological properties of cerebral tissue. Installing such device will cause a local insertion trauma, which will affect early measurements. Current literature proposes minimum one hour of observation before acquiring first measurements when using microdialysis. It is unknown whether this applies to other intracerebral devices. We therefore aimed to investigate time needed to reach steady state when using microdialysis and two intracerebral probes in a piglet model. Ten newborn piglets less than 24 hours of age were anaesthetized. Two probes (Codman and OxyLite/OxyFlo) and a microdialysis catheter (CMA Microdialysis) were installed 10 mm into the left hemisphere. Probes measured intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow, and oxygen tension. The microdialysis catheter measured lactate, glucose, glycerol, and pyruvate. Measurements were acquired hourly for 20 hours. Lactate and glycerol peaked immediately after insertion and reached steady state after approximately four hours. Glucose, pyruvate, cerebral blood flow, and intracranial pressure reached steady state immediately. Oxygen tension reached steady state after 12 hours. With time, interindividual variability decreased for the majority of measurements. Consequently, time to stabilization after insertion depends on the choice of device and is crucial to obtain valid baseline values with high degree of precision.
- Published
- 2019
41. Transient heat release during induced mitochondrial proton uncoupling
- Author
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Krishna V. Valavala, Rhanor Gillette, Daniel A. Llano, Dhruv Gelda, Sanjiv Sinha, Huan Wang, Manjunath C. Rajagopal, and Jeffrey W. Brown
- Subjects
Cell biology ,Hot Temperature ,biology ,Proton ,Chemiosmosis ,Chemistry ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Proton-Motive Force ,biology.organism_classification ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Mitochondria ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Heat generation ,Aplysia ,Proton transport ,Biophysics ,Indicators and Reagents ,Protons ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Inner mitochondrial membrane ,Thermogenesis ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Intracellular ,Sensors and probes - Abstract
Non-shivering thermogenesis through mitochondrial proton uncoupling is one of the dominant thermoregulatory mechanisms crucial for normal cellular functions. The metabolic pathway for intracellular temperature rise has widely been considered as steady-state substrate oxidation. Here, we show that a transient proton motive force (pmf) dissipation is more dominant than steady-state substrate oxidation in stimulated thermogenesis. Using transient intracellular thermometry during stimulated proton uncoupling in neurons of Aplysia californica, we observe temperature spikes of ~7.5 K that decay over two time scales: a rapid decay of ~4.8 K over ~1 s followed by a slower decay over ~17 s. The rapid decay correlates well in time with transient electrical heating from proton transport across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Beyond ~33 s, we do not observe any heating from intracellular sources, including substrate oxidation and pmf dissipation. Our measurements demonstrate the utility of transient thermometry in better understanding the thermochemistry of mitochondrial metabolism., Rajagopal et al. show that transient, intracellular temperature spikes coincide well with electrical heating from proton transport across the mitochondrial membrane in Aplysia neurons. A lack of sustained temperature rise suggests that a transient dissipation of proton motive force rather than substrate oxidation may play a dominant role for heat generation.
- Published
- 2019
42. An L-2-hydroxyglutarate biosensor based on specific transcriptional regulator LhgR
- Author
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Shiting Guo, Yidong Liu, Chao Gao, Dan Xiao, Kaiyu Gao, Wen Zhang, Wensi Meng, Ping Xu, Manman Zhang, Zhaoqi Kang, and Cuiqing Ma
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Science ,Allosteric regulation ,Regulator ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Biosensing Techniques ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Glutarates ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Bacterial Proteins ,Transcription (biology) ,Fluorescence resonance energy transfer ,Transcriptional regulation ,Escherichia coli ,Humans ,Transcription factor ,Sensors and probes ,Regulation of gene expression ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemistry ,Effector ,Pseudomonas putida ,HEK 293 cells ,General Chemistry ,Chemical biology ,Cell biology ,Body Fluids ,030104 developmental biology ,HEK293 Cells ,Metabolism ,Gene Expression Regulation ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Oxidoreductases ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
l-2-Hydroxyglutarate (l-2-HG) plays important roles in diverse physiological processes, such as carbon starvation response, tumorigenesis, and hypoxic adaptation. Despite its importance and intensively studied metabolism, regulation of l-2-HG metabolism remains poorly understood and none of regulator specifically responded to l-2-HG has been identified. Based on bacterial genomic neighborhood analysis of the gene encoding l-2-HG oxidase (LhgO), LhgR, which represses the transcription of lhgO in Pseudomonas putida W619, is identified in this study. LhgR is demonstrated to recognize l-2-HG as its specific effector molecule, and this allosteric transcription factor is then used as a biorecognition element to construct an l-2-HG-sensing FRET sensor. The l-2-HG sensor is able to conveniently monitor the concentrations of l-2-HG in various biological samples. In addition to bacterial l-2-HG generation during carbon starvation, biological function of the l-2-HG dehydrogenase and hypoxia induced l-2-HG accumulation are also revealed by using the l-2-HG sensor in human cells., L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2-HG) is an important metabolite but its regulation is poorly understood. Here the authors report an L-2-HG FRET biosensor based on the allosteric transcription factor, LhgR, to monitor L-2-HG in cells and biological samples.
- Published
- 2021
43. Nanoimprinted multifunctional nanoprobes for a homogeneous immunoassay in a top-down fabrication approach
- Author
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Barbara Schmid, Pia Schneeweiss, Astrit Shoshi, Joerg Schotter, Michael Muehlberger, Hubert Brueckl, Stefan Schrittwieser, Tina Mitteramskogler, and Michael J. Haslinger
- Subjects
Fabrication ,Materials science ,Science ,Dispersity ,Physics::Optics ,Nanoparticle ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Nanoimprint lithography ,law.invention ,Magnetic properties and materials ,law ,Thin film ,Anisotropy ,Sensors and probes ,Plasmon ,Multidisciplinary ,Nanofabrication and nanopatterning ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biosensors ,Homogeneous ,Medicine ,Nanoparticles ,0210 nano-technology ,Diagnostic devices - Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles are discussed as versatile probes for homogeneous immunoassays for in-vitro diagnostics. Top-down fabrication allows to combine and tailor magnetic and plasmonic anisotropic properties. The combination of nanoimprint lithography, thin film deposition, and lift-off processing provides a top-down fabrication platform, which is both flexible and reliable. Here, we discuss the material compositions and geometrical designs of monodisperse multicomponent nanoparticles and their consequences on optical and magnetic properties. The rotational hydrodynamics of nanoparticles is measured and considered under the influence of magnetic shape anisotropy in the framework of the Stoner-Wohlfarth theory. The plasmon-optical properties are explained by discrete-dipole finite-element simulations. Rotational dynamical measurements of imprinted nanoprobes for two test proteins demonstrate the applicability as highly sensitive biomolecular nanoprobes.
- Published
- 2021
44. Fluorescent base analogues in gapmers enable stealth labeling of antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics
- Author
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Tom Baladi, Audrey Gallud, Malin Lemurell, L. Marcus Wilhelmsson, Elin K. Esbjörner, Dženita Baždarević, Anders Dahlén, and Jesper R. Nilsson
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cell Survival ,Science ,010402 general chemistry ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fluorescence microscope ,Humans ,Cyanine ,Sensors and probes ,Alexa Fluor ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Gene knockdown ,Microscopy ,Multidisciplinary ,Drug discovery ,RNA ,Reverse Transcription ,Oligonucleotides, Antisense ,Flow Cytometry ,Fluorescence ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemistry ,030104 developmental biology ,HEK293 Cells ,chemistry ,Microscopy, Fluorescence ,Covalent bond ,Biophysics ,Medicine ,Nucleic Acid Conformation ,Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ,Cytosine - Abstract
To expand the antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) fluorescence labeling toolbox beyond covalent conjugation of external dyes (e.g. ATTO-, Alexa Fluor-, or cyanine dyes), we herein explore fluorescent base analogues (FBAs) as a novel approach to endow fluorescent properties to ASOs. Both cytosine and adenine analogues (tC, tCO, 2CNqA, and pA) were incorporated into a 16mer ASO sequence with a 3-10-3 cEt-DNA-cEt (cEt = constrained ethyl) gapmer design. In addition to a comprehensive photophysical characterization, we assess the label-induced effects on the gapmers’ RNA affinities, RNA-hybridized secondary structures, and knockdown efficiencies. Importantly, we find practically no perturbing effects for gapmers with single FBA incorporations in the biologically critical gap region and, except for pA, the FBAs do not affect the knockdown efficiencies. Incorporating two cytosine FBAs in the gap is equally well tolerated, while two adenine analogues give rise to slightly reduced knockdown efficiencies and what could be perturbed secondary structures. We furthermore show that the FBAs can be used to visualize gapmers inside live cells using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, enabling comparative assessment of their uptake. This altogether shows that FBAs are functional ASO probes that provide a minimally perturbing in-sequence labeling option for this highly relevant drug modality.
- Published
- 2021
45. Protocell Arrays for Simultaneous Detection of Diverse Analytes
- Author
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Ge-Ah Kim, Monica P. McNerney, Yan Zhang, Taisuke Kojima, Mark P. Styczynski, and Shuichi Takayama
- Subjects
Protocell ,Analyte ,Computer science ,Polymers ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanotechnology ,Single sample ,Biosensing Techniques ,Multiplexing ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Matrix (chemical analysis) ,Sample volume ,Sensors and probes ,Synthetic biology ,Multidisciplinary ,Cell-Free System ,Assay systems ,Chemistry ,Water ,General Chemistry ,Small molecule ,High-Throughput Screening Assays ,Nucleic acid ,Biological system ,Plasmids - Abstract
Simultaneous detection of multiple analytes from a single sample (multiplexing), particularly when done at the point of need, can guide complex decision-making without increasing the required sample volume or cost per test. Despite recent advances, multiplexed analyte sensing still typically faces the critical limitation of measuring only one type of molecule (e.g., small molecules or nucleic acids) per assay platform. Here, we address this bottleneck with a customizable platform that integrates cell-free expression (CFE) with a polymer-based aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), producing membrane-less protocells containing transcription and translation machinery used for detection. We show that multiple protocells, each performing a distinct sensing reaction, can be arrayed in the same microwell to detect chemically diverse targets from the same sample. Furthermore, these protocell arrays are compatible with human biofluids, maintain function after lyophilization and rehydration, and can produce visually interpretable readouts, illustrating this platform’s potential as a minimal-equipment, field-deployable, multi-analyte detection tool., Simultaneous detection of multiple analytes from a sample is currently difficult. Here the authors present protocell arrays in a customisable platform integrating cell-free expression with a polymer-based aqueous two-phase system; they use this for detection of chemically diverse targets from biofluids.
- Published
- 2021
46. Genetically encoded formaldehyde sensors inspired by a protein intra-helical crosslinking reaction
- Author
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Gong Zhang, Peng Chen, Yulong Li, Yu Han, Miao Jing, Jiaofeng Li, Jingyi Zhao, and Rongfeng Zhu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Conformational change ,Protein Conformation ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Biosensing Techniques ,Bacillus subtilis ,010402 general chemistry ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Protein structure ,Bacterial Proteins ,Formaldehyde ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Cysteine ,Transcription factor ,Sensors and probes ,Carcinogen ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Toxin ,Chemistry ,Lysine ,Comment ,Brain ,Reproducibility of Results ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,0104 chemical sciences ,Cell biology ,Cross-Linking Reagents ,Mechanisms of disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Helix ,Transcription Factors ,Macromolecule - Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) has long been considered as a toxin and carcinogen due to its damaging effects to biological macromolecules, but its beneficial roles have been increasingly appreciated lately. Real-time monitoring of this reactive molecule in living systems is highly desired in order to decipher its physiological and/or pathological functions, but a genetically encoded FA sensor is currently lacking. We herein adopt a structure-based study of the underlying mechanism of the FA-responsive transcription factor HxlR from Bacillus subtilis, which shows that HxlR recognizes FA through an intra-helical cysteine-lysine crosslinking reaction at its N-terminal helix α1, leading to conformational change and transcriptional activation. By leveraging this FA-induced intra-helical crosslinking and gain-of-function reorganization, we develop the genetically encoded, reaction-based FA sensor—FAsor, allowing spatial-temporal visualization of FA in mammalian cells and mouse brain tissues.
- Published
- 2021
47. Measurement of emotional states of zebrafish through integrated analysis of motion and respiration using bioelectric signals
- Author
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Akira Furui, Zu Soh, Masayuki Yoshida, Motoki Matsuno, and Toshio Tsuji
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Movement ,Science ,Emotions ,Anxiety ,Normal state ,Article ,Pheromones ,Motion (physics) ,Anxiety state ,Behavioural methods ,03 medical and health sciences ,ALARM ,0302 clinical medicine ,Respiration ,medicine ,Animals ,Zebrafish ,Sensors and probes ,Appetitive Behavior ,Multidisciplinary ,Ethanol ,biology ,business.industry ,Biological techniques ,Pattern recognition ,Fear ,biology.organism_classification ,Electrophysiology ,030104 developmental biology ,Principal component analysis ,Medicine ,Artificial intelligence ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Fear, anxiety, and preference in fish are generally evaluated by video-based behavioural analyses. We previously proposed a system that can measure bioelectrical signals, called ventilatory signals, using a 126-electrode array placed at the bottom of an aquarium and achieved cameraless real-time analysis of motion and ventilation. In this paper, we propose a method to evaluate the emotional state of fish by combining the motion and ventilatory indices obtained with the proposed system. In the experiments, fear/anxiety and appetitive behaviour were induced using alarm pheromone and ethanol, respectively. We also found that the emotional state of the zebrafish can be expressed on the principal component (PC) space extracted from the defined indices. The three emotional states were discriminated using a model-based machine learning method by feeding the PCs. Based on discrimination performed every 5 s, the F-score between the three emotional states were as follows: 0.84 for the normal state, 0.76 for the fear/anxiety state, and 0.59 for the appetitive behaviour. These results indicate the effectiveness of combining physiological and motional indices to discriminate the emotional states of zebrafish.
- Published
- 2021
48. A study of the dopamine transporter using the TRACT assay, a novel in vitro tool for solute carrier drug discovery
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Adriaan P. IJzerman, Jeremy D Broekhuis, Hubert J. Sijben, Laura H. Heitman, and Julie J E van den Berg
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Science ,Biosensing Techniques ,Article ,Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Receptor pharmacology ,G protein-coupled receptors ,Dopamine ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Humans ,Transporters in the nervous system ,Receptor ,Sensors and probes ,Dopamine transporter ,G protein-coupled receptor ,Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ,Drug Carriers ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Drug discovery ,Chemistry ,Transporter ,Solute carrier family ,Cell biology ,Transport protein ,HEK293 Cells ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Members of the solute carrier (SLC) transporter protein family are increasingly recognized as therapeutic drug targets. The majority of drug screening assays for SLCs are based on the uptake of radiolabeled or fluorescent substrates. Thus, these approaches often have limitations that compromise on throughput or the physiological environment of the SLC. In this study, we report a novel application of an impedance-based biosensor, xCELLigence, to investigate dopamine transporter (DAT) activity via substrate-induced activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The resulting assay, which is coined the ‘transporter activity through receptor activation’ (TRACT) assay, is based on the hypothesis that DAT-mediated removal of extracellular dopamine directly affects the ability of dopamine to activate cognate membrane-bound GPCRs. In two human cell lines with heterologous DAT expression, dopamine-induced GPCR signaling was attenuated. Pharmacological inhibition or the absence of DAT restored the apparent potency of dopamine for GPCR activation. The inhibitory potencies for DAT inhibitors GBR12909 (pIC50 = 6.2, 6.6) and cocaine (pIC50 = 6.3) were in line with values from reported orthogonal transport assays. Conclusively, this study demonstrates the novel use of label-free whole-cell biosensors to investigate DAT activity using GPCR activation as a readout. This holds promise for other SLCs that share their substrate with a GPCR.
- Published
- 2021
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49. Disposable silicon-based all-in-one micro-qPCR for apid on-site detection of pathogens
- Author
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Michael Kasimatis, Ugur Tanriverdi, Matti Kaisti, Tarek Asfour, Max Grell, Alexander Silva Pinto Collins, Firat Güder, Estefania Nunez-Bajo, Yasin Cotur, Karen Stevenson, Guglielmo Senesi, and Wellcome Trust
- Subjects
DEVICES ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,REAL-TIME PCR ,TEMPERATURE ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Sensors and probes ,Coronavirus ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,Multidisciplinary ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis ,Publisher Correction ,Electrical and electronic engineering ,Sensors and biosensors ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,DNA AMPLIFICATION ,Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ,Real-time polymerase chain reaction ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,RNA, Viral ,0210 nano-technology ,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ,DNA, Bacterial ,Silicon ,POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION ,Science ,Loop-mediated isothermal amplification ,Biology ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,ELECTROCHEMISTRY ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION ,Science & Technology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,010401 analytical chemistry ,COVID-19 ,General Chemistry ,Nucleic acid amplification technique ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,0104 chemical sciences ,genomic DNA ,Nucleic acid - Abstract
Rapid screening and low-cost diagnosis play a crucial role in choosing the correct course of intervention when dealing with highly infectious pathogens. This is especially important if the disease-causing agent has no effective treatment, such as the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and shows no or similar symptoms to other common infections. Here, we report a disposable silicon-based integrated Point-of-Need transducer (TriSilix) for real-time quantitative detection of pathogen-specific sequences of nucleic acids. TriSilix can be produced at wafer-scale in a standard laboratory (37 chips of 10 × 10 × 0.65 mm in size can be produced in 7 h, costing ~0.35 USD per device). We are able to quantitatively detect a 563 bp fragment of genomic DNA of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis through real-time PCR with a limit-of-detection of 20 fg, equivalent to a single bacterium, at the 35th cycle. Using TriSilix, we also detect the cDNA from SARS-CoV-2 (1 pg) with high specificity against SARS-CoV (2003)., Designing efficient, rapid and low-cost diagnostic technologies targeting nucleic acids remains a challenge. Here the authors present a disposable silicon-based integrated Point-of-Need transducer produced in a standard wet lab and able to chemically-amplify and detect pathogen-specific sequences of nucleic acids quantitatively in real-time.
- Published
- 2020
50. Synchronous, Crosstalk-free Correlative AFM and Confocal Microscopies/Spectroscopies
- Author
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Emmanuel Margeat, Pierre-Emmanuel Milhiet, Luca Costa, Thales F. D. Fernandes, Oscar Saavedra, Centre de Biochimie Structurale [Montpellier] (CBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Milhiet, Pierre-Emmanuel, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Materials science ,Cantilever ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,[SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging ,Confocal ,Optical spectroscopy ,[SDV.BBM.BP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics ,lcsh:Medicine ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Article ,Imaging ,Techniques and instrumentation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Membrane biophysics ,Microscopy ,Physics - Biological Physics ,Author Correction ,Nanodiamond ,lcsh:Science ,Sensors and probes ,Multidisciplinary ,Nanoscale biophysics ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Biomolecules (q-bio.BM) ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Fluorescence ,Characterization (materials science) ,[SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics ,[SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging ,030104 developmental biology ,Membrane ,Quantitative Biology - Biomolecules ,Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph) ,FOS: Biological sciences ,Optoelectronics ,lcsh:Q ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Luminescence ,Biological physics - Abstract
Microscopies have become pillars of our characterization tools to observe biological systems and assemblies. Correlative and synchronous use of different microscopies relies on the fundamental assumption of non-interference during images acquisitions. In this work, by exploring the correlative use of Atomic Force Microscopy and confocal-Fluorescence-Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (AFM-FLIM), we quantify cross-talk effects occurring during synchronous acquisition. We characterize and minimize optomechanical forces on different AFM cantilevers interfering with normal AFM operation as well as spurious luminescence from the tip and cantilever affecting time-resolved fluorescence detection. By defining non-interfering experimental imaging parameters, we show accurate real-time acquisition and two-dimensional mapping of interaction force, fluorescence lifetime and intensity characterizing morphology (AFM) and local viscosity (FLIM) of gel and fluid phases separation of supported lipid model membranes. Finally, as proof of principle by means of synchronous force and fluorescence spectroscopies, we precisely tune the lifetime of a fluorescent nanodiamond positioned on the AFM tip by controlling its distance from a metallic surface. This opens up a novel pathway of quench sensing to image soft biological samples such as membranes since it does not require tip-sample mechanical contact in contrast with conventional AFM in liquid.
- Published
- 2020
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