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In practical situations, athletes often face certain limitations in the transition to finswimming. Consequently, coaching procedures focus on the conversion of trained-swimmers into finswimming athletes. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the anthropometric characteristics, aerobic capacity, and respiratory capacity of athletes engaged in finswimming and those trained in traditional swimming. Fifteen male finswimming athletes and trained-swimmers aged 18-19 years participated in the study. They performed a progressive maximal treadmill test under laboratory conditions for measuring their aerobic capacities. Respiratory capacity was measured using spirometer, while body fat percentage was measured using GE Lunar Prodigy DXA. The result showed that the finswimming athletes had statistically higher values of aerobic capacity and respiratory capacity compared to trained-swimmers. Meanwhile, trained-swimmers had statistically higher values of body fat percentage compared to finswimming athletes. Based on these findings, we conclude that finswimmers exhibit a pronounced advantage in aerobic capacity, body fat, and respiratory capacity. While certain parameters, notably respiratory and aerobic capacities, demonstrated marked disparities between the two cohorts, other elements showcased a parallel nature. This conveys the potential for trained swimmers, as identified in this study, to ascend to the levels of athletes by adopting analogous structured training schedules and nutritional regimes akin to those observed in finswimmers.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of ingesting royal jelly sports gel at doses of 1500 mg, 3000 mg, and 4500 mg after 48 hours of high-intensity weight training on creatine kinase (CK) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. A total of 16 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to four groups: placebo, 1500 mg, 3000 mg, and 4500 mg of royal jelly sports gel. Blood samples were collected before and after the intervention to measure CK and IL-6 levels. The results revealed a significant reduction in CK and IL-6 levels in the 4500 mg royal jelly group compared to the placebo group. However, no significant changes were observed in the 1500 mg and 3000 mg groups. These findings suggest that the consumption of royal jelly sports gel at a dosage of 4500 mg may positively influence recovery processes after high-intensity weight training by mitigating muscle damage and inflammation. Further research is needed to elucidate the potential benefits and optimal dosages of royal jelly in enhancing exercise recovery. Keywords: Suplementation, Biomarkers, Royal Jelly, Fatique

Background Problems: Scientific research exploring the comparative analysis of the physical, physiological, and anthropometric characteristics associated with the server and spiker positions in double-category sepak takraw remains relatively scarce. Research Objectives: This study aims to compare the physical, physiological, and anthropometric characteristics between players in the server and spiker positions in the double category of sepak takraw. Methods: The research method used is an observational study with a quantitative approach. This study consisted of 18 male sepak takraw athletes, with 9 athletes each playing as servers and 9 athletes playing as spikers. The statistical analyses were conducted utilizing the SPSS Version 22 application. Findings and Results: The results of this study showed that there were statistically significant differences in body height, aerobic capacity, and leg strength between server and speaker positions (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in the variables age, weight, BMI, fat percentage, speed, agility, and flexibility. Dynamic, attractive game requirements and manoeuvres in the air for players in the spiker position have the potential to contribute to superior VO2max values and increased leg muscle strength compared to players in the server position. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that athletes in the spiker position show superior anthropometric and physiological attributes compared to those in the server position. Different understandings of the different characteristics associated with each position in the sport of sepak takraw provide new insights and views for coaches and athletes themselves. In addition, it is hoped that this research will have implications for optimizing training programs that adapt to the demands of each position. Furthermore, these findings serve as a reference for talent search events that assist in the identification and development of athletes with optimal physiological profiles for their respective roles in double-category sepak takraw.

Background Problems: The proliferation of diverse teaching methodologies underscores the evolving nature of pedagogical practices. Despite this trend, conventional instructional models persist in physical education and health curricula, with many educators continuing to employ traditional approaches. These conventional models limit student engagement and foster a sense of monotony within the learning environment. Conversely, effective physical education hinges on interactive communication, wherein student involvement and enjoyment serve as catalysts for positive motivation and enhanced learning outcomes. Research Objectives: The research aims to determine the enjoyment of students learning physical education using the project-based learning model. Methods: The experimental method was applied with a randomised control-group pretest-posttest design. The population consisted of 600 students from a junior school in Bandung City. The sample was selected using the simple random sampling technique. The enjoyment of student learning questionnaire, which has a reliability value of 0.942. Data were analysed for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and homogeneity using the Levene test; after that, the paired test and independent sample t test were carried out. Findings/Results: The result shows that the project-based learning model provides a better influence than conventional learning, especially in the enjoyment of learning aspect, with t = 17.622 and sig = 0.000. Conclusion: The conclusions of this study indicate that employing a project-based learning paradigm centered on fostering enjoyment in the learning process represents a novel advancement in physical education curricula. Emphasising the role of enjoyment in learning, the project-based learning framework offers a fresh perspective on physical education programmes, enabling educators to facilitate more impactful instructional experiences compared to conventional methodologies.

Background Problems: The critical importance of maintaining physical fitness among high school students to mitigate the potential health hazards associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Research Objectives: This study aims to explore the impact of futsal and hadang extracurricular activities on adolescent cardiovascular and respiratory fitness. Methods: This research used an experimental study with pre-post design and control group. Ninety students from Serang City high schools were divided into three groups: Futsal Extracurricular, Hadang Extracurricular, and Control. Initial assessments established baseline fitness levels, followed by an 8-weeks program and post-program evaluations. Findings and Results: The results showed an increase in aerobic capacity and respiratory capacity after 8-weeks extracurricular program in both groups. The futsal extracurricular group experienced a higly significant increase aerobic capacity and respiratory capacity compared to the baseline. Meanwhile, the hadang extracurricular group experienced a significant increase aerobic capacity and respiratory capacity compared to the baseline. Conversely, the control group appears to exhibit a decline in both aerobic and respiratory capacities, although it is important to note that these changes did not reach statistical significance in our study. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provided valuable insights into how futsal and hadang extracurricular activities impact adolescent cardiovascular and respiratory fitness. These findings were relevant for educators and policymakers, highlighting the role of extracurricular programs in enhancing students' overall well-being. Additionally, it contributes to our understanding of how specific activities can influence the cardiovascular and respiratory health of adolescents.

This study aims to analyze herbal supplements that have the potential to accelerate recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage through a systematic review. Article searches were carried out using electronic databases originating from Pubmed and Scopus published from 2019 to 2022 using the keywords herbal, curcumin, garlic, ginger, tribulus, cinnamon, biomarkers, muscle pain, inflammatory markers, and antioxidant effects. The inclusion criteria in this literature review resulted in 14 selected articles resulting from a screening process of 90 articles. The results presented in this literature review reveal the fact that there are significant changes related to EIMD after consuming herbal supplements from 14 selected articles with doses varying between 500-2000 grams per day. In addition, other results showed that intervention with herbal products affected biomarkers and oxidative stress. Therefore, this systematic review provides evidence that supplemental intake strategies are essential for the average athlete or individual to minimize the negative effects of strenuous and excessive training. This systematic review concluded that herbal ingredients such as cinnamon, curcumin, garlic, ginger, and tribulus terrestris may help athletes or individuals recover from EIMD. Keywords: Biomarkers, EIMD, Inflammation, Nutrition, Supplementation, Recovery

This study has the objectives of knowing the results of identifying learning outcomes problems, reviewing and planning products, knowing the consequences of expert trials, the results of small group trials and large group trials, and knowing the effects of product effectiveness tests from the E-Book Textbook for the Prevention and Treatment course. Injury-Based Media Flip Book Maker. This study uses a research development/RnD (research and development) approach. The data source for this research is IKOR Untirta students class of 2018-2021. The data collection techniques used were: a) Interview techniques, b) Questionnaire techniques, c) Test techniques, and d) Observation techniques. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were chosen as data analysis techniques in this study. The research results in the first stage showed that the final percentage of the evaluation of academic experts was 80.2%, with the results of assessments from practitioners, namely 84.2%, so an average of 82.2% was obtained from the expert test. And the two experts have stated that the contents of the product design are feasible for further trials in the limited/small group trial stage. From the table above, the initial product in each chapter has an average rating of 79% for ease of understanding, 69% for attractiveness, and 84% for usefulness. And it needs improvement at several points in specific chapters to get better results from the initial product. In the large group trial stage, each chapter has an average rating of 88% for ease of understanding, 87% for attractiveness, and 90% for usefulness. The points in each chapter no longer require significant improvement because the researcher assesses from the table above that each chapter has obtained satisfactory results on the product effectiveness test. The conclusion from this study is that the methods that have been used so far have not been able to make students understand PPC material fully; product preparation is prepared using systematic steps referring to the current P2SIKI curriculum; in the expert test it is stated that the contents of the product design are feasible for testing the next stage, the results of the small group and large group trials need to be carried out several evaluations which are completed at the product revision stage. Finally, the effectiveness test results show a significant effect of using e-book textbooks based on flip book maker media on student understanding in injury prevention and treatment courses.

Elevated levels of lactic acid in the blood and muscles following intense training or competition can have detrimental effects on physical performance and increase the likelihood of injury. Therefore, it is crucial to identify effective recovery techniques to mitigate fatigue promptly. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of sports massage and the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) method on the recovery of lactic acid in athletes. This study employed a true-experimental design using a pretest-posttest without a control group. A sample of 20 female futsal athletes was divided into two groups: the sports massage group (SM) consisting of 10 participants, and the PNF method group also comprising 10 participants. Lactic acid levels were assessed before exercise, immediately after completing the anaerobic exercise, and immediately after the recovery intervention based on the respective group allocation. The results showed an increase in lactic acid after anaerobic exercise in both groups. The SM group experienced a significant decrease compared to the PNF group which did not experience a significant decrease. A significant disparity was observed in the mean lactic acid levels between the two groups in the post-test data. In conclusion, the application of sports massage following anaerobic exercise proves to be effective in reducing lactic acid concentrations in futsal athletes compared to the PNF method. The findings of this study are anticipated to yield advantages for coaches, sports medical teams, and athletes by lowering lactic acid levels, enhancing sports performance, and mitigating injury risks. Practically, the findings underscore the potential benefits of incorporating a 15-minute sports massage into the recovery routine of female futsal players.

Lifestyle in adolescence is very important to know to determine the development of a person's adult health level. The main objective of this study was to map the level of physical activity of high school students in Cilegon. This study used a survey study method of 3185 participants of high school level consisting of 985 males and 2200 females who participated in this study. Data on students' physical activity levels were obtained using a paper-based online IPAQ questionnaire. The results of this study indicated that the BMI categories for males were 37.5% underweight, 37.3% normal, 9.8% overweight, and 15.4% obese, while for females were 35.7% underweight, 46.4% normal, 9.3% overweight, and 8.6 obese. The findings in this study provided evidence that the BMI of high school students in Cilegon was in the normal or healthy weight category. However, in the BMI category, there were still many research subjects who were in the obese category. This was because the physical activities carried out by students were in a low category. The high percentage of the low activity category was feared that the subjects of this study would affect their health condition in the future

Physical inactivity is considered one of the health problems associated with many types of chronic diseases. The level of physical activity is often used as a parameter for monitoring and evaluation of public health. This monitoring is very important because it helps prevent various illnesses, inactivity and decrease mortality rates for the elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of physical activity and BMI of the elderly in Serang City. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method, involving 84 elderly from Serang and Cipocok Jaya districts in Serang City, Banten Province. The level of physical activity was obtained through the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) questionnaire. The results showed that the elderly in Serang City had low physical activity with a METs value of 438.6 and had a BMI of 26.4 which was in the obese or obese category. the elderly in Kota Serang have low physical activity and are in the category of obesity or overweight. This research can be used as initial data for related institutions regarding the condition of the elderly in Serang so that it can create activities that have a positive impact on the elderly in Serang City.

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan media pembelajaran jurus tunggal berbasis android. Media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar jurus tunggal pencak silat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan. Pengujian lapangan awal dilakukan di SMP Budi Mulia Dua Sleman. Pengujian lapangan utama dilakukan di SMP Mataram dan MTs Ali Maksum Bantul. Tahap uji lapangan operasional di SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Yogyakarta. Data diperoleh dengan cara observasi dan kuesioner menggunakan skala likert. Analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data efektivitas diperoleh menggunakan paired T test. Hasil pengembangan media pembelajaran jurus tunggal pencak silat berbasis android adalah efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar pencak silat baik dari pengetahuan teori dan praktik gerak jurus tunggal. Hasil penilaian ahli menunjukkan dalam kategori sangat baik. Hasil pada uji lapangan operasional menunjukkan signifikansi < 0.5. Berdasar hasil tersebut media pembelajaran jurus tunggal pencak silat berbasis android dianggap efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar jurus tunggal pencak silat. Kata kunci: pembelajaran, jurus tunggal, android, pencak silat