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48th Annual Conference on Physiology and Pathology of Reproduction / 40th Joint Congress of Veterinary and Human Medicine -- FEB 11-13, 2015 -- Zurich, SWITZERLAND WOS: 000349104800155 …

48th Annual Conference on Physiology and Pathology of Reproduction / 40th Joint Congress of Veterinary and Human Medicine -- FEB 11-13, 2015 -- Zurich, SWITZERLAND WOS: 000349104800099 …

48th Annual Conference on Physiology and Pathology of Reproduction / 40th Joint Congress of Veterinary and Human Medicine -- FEB 11-13, 2015 -- Zurich, SWITZERLAND WOS: 000349104800153 …

48th Annual Conference on Physiology and Pathology of Reproduction / 40th Joint Congress of Veterinary and Human Medicine -- FEB 11-13, 2015 -- Zurich, SWITZERLAND WOS: 000349104800131 …

48th Annual Conference on Physiology and Pathology of Reproduction / 40th Joint Congress of Veterinary and Human Medicine -- FEB 11-13, 2015 -- Zurich, SWITZERLAND WOS: 000349104800152 …

48th Annual Conference on Physiology and Pathology of Reproduction / 40th Joint Congress of Veterinary and Human Medicine -- FEB 11-13, 2015 -- Zurich, SWITZERLAND WOS: 000349104800098 …

This is the first German case report of an alpaca cria suffering from a congenital vulvahypoplasia. Symptoms, diagnostics and therapy are described. The 24-hours-old cria was referred to the hospital due to reduced general condition and colic. The existent vulvahypoplasia led to impaired urination, causing further complications such as urovagina and urinary stasis up to the renal pelvis. Surgical construction of the rima vulvae cured the cria. As indicated by several cases published on the clinical picture of vulvahypoplasia during recent years, this congenital deformation could become an increasing problem in the alpaca population.

Objective: Follow-up ultrasonographic examinations in pregnant bitches to evaluate frequency and significance of embryo resorption. Material and methods: In 39 Kangal bitches the number of gestational sacs was measured and vitality of embryos/fetuses was evaluated by real time ultrasonography daily from the 15th till the last day of gestation. Results: Five bitches (12.8%) showed embryonic resorption and one of these bitches exhibited a complete resorption. Fetal death could be observed in four females and was related to a total loss of the litter. After the first evidence of embryonic death gestational sacs remained detectable for 8.6+/-0.5 days. The number of embryos of bitches with (10.8+/-1.8) or without embryo resorption (8.2+/-2.1) was statistically significantly different (p0.05).A relationship between litter size and gestational length could not be verified (r = 0.15; p>0.05). Conclusion and clinical relevance: Due to these results the hypothesis is postulated that embryonic resorption is a kind of protective mechanism of the maternal organism against too large litter sizes.

Pet owners usually consult veterinarian in order to find out whether their pet is pregnant or not, and if pregnant, to learn the number of foetuses. In cats, pregnancy can be diagnosed by abdominal palpation (Mailhac, 1982), abdominal radiography (Boyd, 1971), and abdominal ultrasound (Davidson, et al, 1986).

The objective of this study was to examine if changes to the mammary gland are suitable for determining the precise time of parturition in suckler cows. The following parameters were examined in a total of 105 animals (heifers: 10, Simmental; cows: 95 - Simmental: 68; Simmental x Limousin: 27) every eight hours during the last seven days ante partum: mammary development, mammary edema and fore udder edema. Development of the udder and the number of animals with udder and fore udder edema increased with approaching parturition (p < 0.001). However, only 5.7 % of the animals had a completely developed udder with shiny teats filled with milk eight hours before parturition, whereas the teats of 32.4 % of the animals were not yet filled with milk at this time. 86.7% of the animals had an udder edema and 12.4 % of the animals had edema of the fore udder. The fore udder edema was observed in 50 % of the heifers and in 10.3 % of the cows. This difference is statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). No influence of the breed was detected on any of the three parameters. Changes of the mammary gland in cows are therefore not suitable for fixing the time of parturition precisely within the last seven days ante partum.

A total of 400 teat canals were investigated with a linear array ultrasound probe. The teat canal was observed as a hyperechogenic line at the tip of the teat. Twenty percent of the examined teat canals showed a crooked course, whereas in 80%, a linear course was observed. There was no statistically significant difference among teats of crooked teat canal and lateral aspects of teats. The mean length of teat canal was found to be 1 1.51 +/- 0.01 min. It was demonstrated that the length of the teat canal and milk yield were affected by the animals' age. The teat canals were the shortest in young cows and these cows showed the highest milk yield. On the other hand, older cows with the longest teat canals showed the least milk yield. It was concluded that the ultrasonographic examination was effective in teat canal imaging and morphological assessment. The observation of the location of the canal within teats and its course was essential.

Objective: Ultrasonic determination of fetal sex in ewes under field conditions by a single examination. Material and methods: Accuracy of transrectal and transabdominal ultrasonographic determination of fetal sex was examined in 210 ewes with singletons or twins between the 40th to 90th day post mating. Examinations were conducted under field conditions by ultrasonography with a linear-array 5 MHz transducer. Day 1 was the first day after mating. Single transrectal and transabdominal ultrasound examinations were performed in standing position of the sheep. Fetal sex determination was performed on days 40 to 49 (group I), days 50 to 59 (group II), days 60 to 69 (group III), days 70 to 79 (group IV) and days 80 to 90 (group V). Definite diagnoses were made after lambing. Results: The accuracy was 0% in group I (0/42), 40.0% in group II (13/42),33.3% in group III (14/42),64.2% in group IV (27/42) and 47.6% in group V(20/42). The differences between groups IV and V to groups I to III were significant(p < 0.05). The accuracy of fetal sex diagnosis was also influenced by singletons or twins (p < 0.05). Conclusion and clinical relevance:The results show that a single ultrasonographic examination is nota proper method for determination of fetal sex in sheep underfield conditions.

The objective of this study was to document the abomasal position during the peripartal period by ultrasonographic measurement to get more data about the topographic dynamic. In 12 dairy cows the abomasal position was measured daily from the 5(th) day before calving up to the 5(th) day after calving by a transabdominal ultrasonographic examination (5 MHz convex transducer). The abomasal position was described by means of 3 measured distances: (a) the distance between the cranial margin of the abomasum and the Aphoid cartilage, (b) the distance between the right margin of the abomasum and the median line and (c) the distance between the left margin of the abomasum and the median line. Prepartal the abomasal position was different from the position during the postpartal period. Its position was more cranially (p < 0.05) and more right laterally (p, < 0.05). The left margin was not detectable at the left side of the mid-line ante partum. Directly after calving the left margin of the abomasum was found left of the linea alba (p < 0.05). These results show that there is a great influence of the gravid uterus on the abomasal position. The abomasum is positioned more cranially and more right lateral during the end of pregnancy. This position changes immediately after calving.

Objective: The aim of the presented study was to compare the diagnostic procedures palpation, sonography and endoscopy for detection of lesions of the inner mucosal layer in bovine teats and to evaluate their diagnostic value. Material and methods: The investigation material involved 436 teats of 109 dairy cows of different breeds which were slaughtered out of different reasons. All teats were examined by palpation, sonography and endoscopy via papillar duct for the presence of teat cistern mucosa lesions. Afterwards teats were opened by longitudinal incision for macroscopic evaluation. Tissue samples of obvious lesions were taken and prepared for histopathological examination. Based on the results of macroscopic and histopathological investigations the results of the different diagnostic procedures were compared. Results: In 38 cases (8.7%) remarkable findings were present in the macroscopic investigation, which had only been detected without exception by endoscopy via teat canal. Both other diagnostic methods dropped in their results in contrast to this clearly. Endoscopy (p = 0.05). Histopathological findings reflected the results of the palpatoric, sonographic and endoscopic investigation in a high amount. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Alterations of the teat cistern mucosa of dairy cows are insufficiently detected by use of classical clinical method palpation. Imaging diagnostic procedures (sonography/endoscopy) extend the diagnostic spectrum substantially. Sonography is usually sufficient when lesions are located in the teat cistern. However, in case of alterations at the inner orifice of the papillar duct or the papillar duct itself an additional endoscopic examination is recommended for definition of a suitable therapy method.

Objective: The aim was to investigate if refrigeration, storage and time of day influence the results of urinary pH determination in dairy cows. Additionally it should be examined whether the urinary pH intra partum can provide information on the current calcium and phosphate concentrations in blood and on the second day post partum. Material and methods: Experiment 1: Catheter urine was collected from 10 lactating cows and divided into three fractions stored at different temperatures (room temperature; 8 degrees C; -20 degrees C). The pH of all fractions was measured directly after collection and two, six, 12 and 24 hours later. Experiment 2: Catheter urine was collected from 13 lactating cows at 8:00, 12:00 and 16:00 hour, in three cows also at 20:00, 24:00 and 4:00 hour and urinary pH was determined immediately. Experiment 3: In 12 cows with dystocia during the obstetric examination as well as two days later urinary pH plasma concentrations of ionized calcium and inorganic phosphate were measured. Results: Experiment 1: Temperature and duration of storage significantly influenced urinary pH. There was a significant difference between the measured values immediately after urine collection and the later times (p < 0.000). Experiment 2: The time of day showed a significant influence on urinary pH. Values at 24:00 hour significantly differed from those at 8:00 (p = 0.001), 12:00 (p = 0.004) and 16:00 hour (p = 0.005). Experiment 3: Determination of urinary pH intra partum does not allow any conclusions with regard to current calcium and phosphate concentrations in plasma and with these parameters two days post partum. Clinical relevance: All together the median differences of the urinary pH - stored at various temperatures and different periods of time or collected at different times of day - were small, but differed statistically significant in some cases.