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In today's world, the importance of physical activity for daily life continues to increase. However, it cannot be said that the level of interest of our society in physical activity is sufficient. In the reports of organisations such as the Ministry of Health, Public Health Institution of Turkiye and Active Living Association, it has been reported that 3/4 of the population of Turkiye does not have sufficient physical activity level and the most sedentary group is the 15-19 age group. These serious rates were seen as an important justification for research on this subject. This aims to examine the differentiation status of the participants in terms of some demographic variables to determine the factors that prevented high school students from participating in physical activities. The research is a quantitative study and was carried out in a descriptive survey model. The sample of the research consisted of 376 participants from high school students who continue their education in schools under the Directorate of National Education in Kahramanmaras city centre in Turkiye. The data of the research were analysed by using the statistical software JAMOVI 2.3.16.0 package program. As a result of the research, it was found that the scores of the participants for the factors that prevented their participation in physical activities were at a moderate level. In the scale of factors that prevented high school students from participating in physical activities, statistically, significant differences were found in terms of gender, family monthly income, how many days a week they do sports, mother's interest in sports, father's interest in sports, PE teacher's attitude and friends' attitudes. As a result, in this study, high school students' concerns about the factors that prevent their participation in physical activities were determined in terms of different variables.

Objective: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative ailment that launches insidiously and progresses slowly, and its prevalence gradually increases with age. In a former study, we explored the plasma exosomal circular RNA (circRNA)-micro RNAs (miRNA) expression profiles in AD patients derived from next-generation sequencing data by scanning experimentally validated miRNA-target interaction databases. The current paper focused on computing the integration of circRNA-miRNA and RNA binding proteins (RBP) into the plasma exosomes using the output of our earlier study. Methods: We identified 24 upregulated circRNAs and 12 downregulated miRNAs from our previous paper. These were then subjected to prediction of circRNA-miRNA via the circMine web server and MiRNet. Subsequently, the circRNA Interactome web server was used to integrate the 24 circRNAs with RBPs. Finally, the obtained numeric scale results were visualized using R studio, ensuring the validity and reliability of our findings. Results: As an overall outcome of calculations, we found CNTN4, SH3BGRL, THOC2, CGGBP1, FLNA, ATP6V1A, and UBN1 from queried 24 circRNAs linked to AD pathology, proposing that circRNAs complexes composed of RBPs and miRNAs might be considered empirically under oncoming studies. Conclusion: Basically, our calculations claim that it may be examined whether these complexes behave as sponge miRNA in AD.

Coping with problem behaviour depends on teachers' perspectives of classroom management strategies, which can be regarded as discipline models teachers implement in the class. How teachers avoid problem behaviours or their strategies and techniques to deal with them may reveal teachers' understanding of discipline. To understand prospective teachers' views on discipline models, this study investigates how prospective teachers evaluate and respond to the situations that they may encounter in the classroom. This is a qualitative study with phenomenology design, and with 50 prospective teachers attending the Primary School Education Department of a state university in Türkiye as the participants. The data were collected through participants' reflection on two sample cases. The participants were asked how they would evaluate the given cases and how they would respond to them. The first case addressed the stereotype "the student is the source of the problem behaviour" and the second one was related to how prospective teachers perceived the difference between punishment and logical consequences. The findings revealed prospective teachers reported different responses to the given cases. For the first case, prospective teachers stated the source of the problem behaviour was teacher-driven. Their response was more on the discipline model in which the teacher control was high. As for the second case, the participants focused on the students' intentions while evaluating the behaviours. It was found that although the participants took the intentions into account, they evaluated the situations according to the consequences. Finally, the study showed that prospective teachers used interventionist strategies (high teacher control) in coping with problem behaviours.

Nanomaterials for suitable particle sizes, shapes, surface properties, biocompatibility, magnetic properties, and chemical stability are candidates for biomedical applications. Among these nanomaterials, iron-based ones are highly interested in their morphological and magnetic properties for potential utilizations in biomedicine. However, iron-based nanoparticles lose their chemical stability in body fluids because of their oxide formations and transformations. Their use in biomedical applications, especially in imaging, may be less effective if they are oxidized and have lower magnetization values. Thus, the idea of coating them with a protective layer has recently emerged to prevent magnetic nanoparticles from degrading in human fluids and losing their magnetic properties. However, the biological effects of these coated nanoparticles on human cells are poorly understood. In this paper, the synthesis of multilayer graphene (MLG) encapsulated iron-based nanoparticles was investigated by solvothermal and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods followed by purification. Subsequently, their surface modification was conducted with pyrene end-functional POEGMA obtained by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Cytotoxicities of synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated in MCF7 cell lines, which is a commonly used model for breast cancer research. We also compare the results with those obtained from bare iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and iron oxides that were embedded in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) or partially coated with it. We aim to evaluate the safety and efficiency of these nanoparticles and increase their chemical stability as a multifunctional nano platform for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Characterization techniques such as XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, DTA/TG, DLS, zeta potential, BET, NMR, FTIR, and VSM were performed on the nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity assessments on MCF-7 cell lines indicated the potential of these graphene-based magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications, particularly drug delivery, due to their small size, soft ferromagnetic properties, high chemical stability, and cytocompatibility at concentrations below 500 μg/mL over short incubation times.

Objective: We aimed to understand family preferences around reporting and receiving health-related social needs (HRSN) information by assessment modality during pediatric emergency department (PED) visits. Methods: Families were randomized into paper (control), cell phone, or tablet modality groups by their child's exam room. Nurses alerted families to complete a single HRSN assessment during routine workflow. We used logistic regression and McNemar's test to assess discordance in modality preference. Results: Forty-seven percent of families disclosed at least one HRSN across a total 611 assessments. Disclosure of HRSN was similar by modality. Twenty-three percent of those assigned tablet preferred cell phone (p

Ki-67 proliferative index (PI) scoring is measured by estimating the proportion of the number of active cell nuclei in hotspot regions within immunohistochemical (IHC) stained slides. It provides valuable information about the rate of proliferation in a tumour. Manual scoring of Ki-67 PI is laborious, time-consuming and often the victim of interobserver variability between pathologists. This motivated us to develop an AI-based method to automate Ki-67 PI scoring with the aim to improve the concordance of pathologists' inter-observability through aided diagnosis. We sourced 88 sequential cases of sarcomas for our study. We applied watershed algorithm to perform nuclear segmentation on 440 regions of interest (ROI). A study was conducted where three pathologists scored the Ki-67 PI on the ROIs with and without AI-assistance. Our study demonstrated great concordance between the pathologists scoring with AI-assistance. After AI assistance, inter-pathologist discordance was significantly reduced by 82.1 %

Abstract Background Migraine is a disease characterized by headache attacks. The disease is multifactorial in etiology and genetic and environmental factors play role in pathogenesis. Migraine can also be accompanied by psychiatric disorders like neurotism and obsessive compulsive disorder. Stress, hormonal changes and certain food intake can trigger attacks in migraine. Previous studies showed that eating attitudes and disorders are prevalant in patients with migraine. Eating disorders are psychiatric disorders related to abnormal eating habits. Both migraine and eating disorders are common in young women and personality profiles of these patient groups are also similar. A possible relationship which shows that migraine and eating habits are related can lead to a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and subsequently new therapeutic options on both entities. Association of migraine in relation to severity, depression and anxiety and eating habits and disorders were aimed to be investigated in this study. Methods The study was designed as a prospective, multi-center, case control study. Twenty-one centers from Turkey was involved in the study. The gathered data was collected and evaluated at a single designated center. From a pool of 1200 migraine patients and 958 healthy control group, two groups as patient group and study group was created with PS matching method in relation to age, body-mass index, marital status and employment status. Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were applied to both study groups. The data gathered was compared between two groups. Results EAT-26 scores and the requirement for referral to a psychiatrist due to symptoms related to eating disorder were both statistically significantly higher in patient group compared to control group (p = 0.034 and p = 0.0001 respectively). Patients with migraine had higher scores in both BDI and BAI compared to control group (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0001 respectively). Severity of pain or frequency of attacks were not found to be related to eating attitudes (r:0.09, p = 0.055). Conclusions Migraine patients were found to have higher EAT-26, BDI and BAI scores along with a higher rate of referral to a psychiatrist due to symptoms. Results of the study showed that eating habits are altered in migraine patients with higher risk of eating disorders. Depression and anxiety are also found to be common amongst migraine patients.

The purpose of this research was to examine student teachers' views on the kind of teachers they would like to be. The participants were 51 student teachers at the primary education department of a state university. The views of these student teachers were collected from unstructured reports that they submitted following a one-semester classroom management course in the 5th semester. The qualitative data gained from the reports, specifically the attributes that the student teachers associated with themselves, were analysed in terms of classroom management according to Korthegan's Onion Model using a qualitative content analysis method. The data demonstrate that the participants expressed their opinions mostly regarding classroom environment, behaviour and competency. The reports also present their views about the kind of teachers they would grow into and the teacher behaviour they would like to adopt. The results of the study reveal that the student teacher participants were at the levels of interventionist and interventionist/interactionist control; 2 different approaches to dynamic assessment and classroom management styles. They also used authoritative, educational, behaviour-based, and democratic approaches. The study suggests that, in order for the student teachers to express themselves about their teaching in the layers of belief, identity and mission (inner layers) of the Onion Model, they must be provided with opportunities and experiences.

This study aims to examine the relationship between university students' perceived health outcomes and happiness levels that result from engaging in recreational activities. The study evaluates this relationship using certain variables. The data were gathered from 652 students from various universities in Turkey. Appropriate sampling methods were used. The initial findings indicate that the highest score was obtained in the „improvement condition? of health outcomes among university students. It shows that they are more likely to engage with physical activities for health purposes. Furthermore, all sub-dimensions of PHORS and the happiness scale significantly differed according to income and active-passive participation variables. This study further demonstrates a significant positive relationship between perceived health outcomes sub-scales and happiness among the students.

This research aimed to investigate and compare teachers' conceptualizations of their students' and their own outcomes of our earlySTEM program at the K4 level in two distinct roles: practitioners only and practitioners and program developers jointly. The study group included 66 teachers, 26 of whom had actively contributed to the development of the earlySTEM program. Teachers in both roles were supported by teacher guides, student books and workshops throughout the 8-month long academic year. Data was collected at the end of the academic year through an open-ended survey. The program developer teachers identified more student outcomes under more diverse categories while the practitioner teachers mainly concentrated on cognitive outcomes and limited their conceptualizations to the national curriculum. In addition, the program developer teachers valued their involvement in the program development process and expressed more diverse professional outcomes referring to different types of teacher knowledge.

Araştırmanın amacı, birden fazla değerlendirme yöntemine bağlı olan ‘’çoklu değerlendirme’’ yaklaşımının ortaokul 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma becerisi ve yazma kaygısına etkisi araştırmaktır. Araştırmada yakınsayan paralel desenli karma yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sürecinde ölçümler, ön test - son test kontrol gruplu seçkisiz desen kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmada hem nicel hem de nitel ölçme araçlarından yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen nicel ve nitel veriler; birbirinden ayrı olarak çözümlenmiş, birleştirilerek genel bir yorum olarak sunulmuştur. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında Kütahya il merkezinde sadece kızların erkeklerin öğrenim gördüğü birer imam hatip ortaokulunda 7. sınıf seviyesinde öğrenim gören, iki kız iki erkek sınıfı olmak üzere toplam 94 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Bu öğrencilerden iki farklı okulun farklı cinsiyetteki sınıflarında öğrenim gören toplam 49 öğrenci (25 kız, 24 erkek) deney gruplarını, yine ayı şekilde iki farklı okulun farklı cinsiyetteki sınıflarında öğrenim gören toplamda 45 öğrenci (21 kız, 24 erkek) kontrol gruplarını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın nitel boyutu için de deney gruplarından gönüllü olarak 20 kişi (10 kız, 10 erkek) seçilmiştir. Elde edilen nicel verilerin çözümlenmesi neticesinde çoklu değerlendirme yaklaşımının öğrencilerin yazma becerisine ve yazma kaygısına olumlu yönde etki ettiği görülmüştür. Cinsiyete dayalı yapılan test sonuçlarında ise herhangi bir fark bulunmamıştır. Tüm çalışma genel olarak ele alındığında çoklu değerlendirme yaklaşımının ortaokul 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin yazma becerilerine olumlu bir etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çoklu değerlendirme yaklaşımı ile öğrencilerin yazma kaygılarında ise belirgin bir düşüş olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın nitel verileri de bu sonuçları desteklemektedir.

Conceptually grounded curricular materials in the context of professional development programs facilitate teachers' adoption of new pedagogies. Even though science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professional development opportunities for early grade level teachers continue to receive attention, one existing challenge is to support teachers further in implementing well-defined integrated STEM curricula. The earlySTEM program supports K--4 teachers with the systematically developed earlySTEM curriculum, its associated curricular materials, and year-long mentoring. The program was implemented in 26 schools. This mid-evaluation investigated teacher perceptions of the earlySTEM program with a focus on contributions and challenges. A total of 134 teachers from the 26 schools responded to a survey with open-ended questions. Survey data were analyzed using a descriptive approach. The findings indicated that the teachers had positive experiences with the earlySTEM program. The results revealed that the earlySTEM program is perceived to have contributed to (a) teachers' STEM teaching skills and STEM conceptualizations and (b) students' skills development and awareness on the connection of the curriculum content to real-world problems. The results also document the perceived challenge in implementing the earlySTEM curriculum: need for more classroom time. The conclusions offer insights for similar program designs.

Teaching engineering at the middle and high school levels has been a topic of discussion among scholars regarding the challenges it creates. One of the most critical challenges at the school level is identifying qualified teaching staff to lead engineering courses. The present study explored teachers' willingness to lead an engineering course and the reasons behind their willingness or unwillingness to do so. The study involved 434 participants, who were enrolled in a STEM professional development program and were diverse regarding their teaching subjects, the grade levels they taught, and the locations of their schools in Turkey. In this mixed-methods study, researchers collected data at the beginning of an online professional development program. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, while qualitative data were analyzed with a data-driven codebook. Almost two-thirds of the participants were keen to teach an engineering course, yet differences were observed according to the subjects they taught and their professional backgrounds. Most of the mathematics teachers, the group with the highest percentage of willingness, seemed to have a holistic approach towards engineering, with half emphasizing collaboration between teachers and engineers. The study provided further insights into how initial teacher training and continuous professional development programs can be structured based on teacher expectations and needs.

The main purpose of this paper is to identify the relationship between the perceived freedom, life satisfaction and happiness scales scores of college student according to some demographic variances. Within the scope of the research; 1024 male (n=532) and female (n=492) students who currently study in the universities were selected by random sampling method. Descriptive, correlation and regression analysis techniques were used for the data obtained through the survey. The result revealed that the perceived freedom in leisure is significantly positively correlated. In terms of life satisfaction, there is a significant difference in gender factor, while there is no significant difference in grade and active sports status. According to the happiness factor, grade variables were the only parameter that had a statistically significant correlation with happiness. Gradual regression analysis indicated that there is a positive correlation between the life satisfaction and happiness level. Similarly, significant correlation was found between the perceived freedom in leisure time and happiness levels of students. In conclusion, our findings indicate that perceived freedom in leisure has a positive impact on the life satisfaction and happiness.

ABSTRACTThe effects of temperature and nisin with either potassium chloride (KCl) or potassium sorbate on growth boundaries of three different Listeria monocytogenes strains in broth were studied. One ATCC7644 strain and two ready-to-eat food (RTE) isolates at different temperatures (4, 20, and 37°C) and nisin (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL) levels with either KCl (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% w/v) or potassium sorbate (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% w/v) were used. Highest and lowest growth probabilities were obtained for ATTC7644 and 120 (meat-based RTE isolate) strains, respectively with KCl and strain 137 (vegetable-based RTE isolate) was in between. However, the growth probabilities of the strains were just the opposite with the use of sorbate: strain 120 had the highest, whereas ATCC7644 strain had the lowest growth probability. Our results showed that nisin in combination with other preservatives may lead to diverse growth responses for different strains of L. monocytogenes. Validation studies performed in UHT whole milk and meat broth at 8 and 12°C and nisin levels of 25, 75, 150, and 250 μg/mL with either KCl (1.5%) or sorbate (0.125%) indicated 46% and 73% accurate predictions for milk and meat broth, respectively. Although a quick growth estimate was possible with the use of broth, we concluded that a model developed in a laboratory medium should not be extended in real food systems.