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Abstract Background The aim of the present study was to determine the prognostic relevance of thymidine labeling index (TLI) in patients with breast cancer. Methods TLI of the primary tumor was measured in 268 patients at the time of the surgical biopsy by an in vitro method. Results Fifty-four patients had stage I disease, and 138 patients had stage II disease, and 76 patients had stage III disease. One hundred-four patients were found to have low TLI-index ( Conclusion Our findings suggest that the prognostic significance of TLI appears to be limited to early breast cancer that might help to distinguish patients who need more aggressive adjuvant treatment.

Abstract Background Hyperplastic polyps are the most common polypoid lesions of the stomach. Rarely, they cause gastric outlet obstruction by prolapsing through the pyloric channel, when they arise in the prepyloric antrum. Case presentation A 62-year-old woman presented with intermittent nausea and vomiting of 4 months duration. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a 30 mm prepyloric sessile polyp causing intermittent gastric outlet obstruction. Following submucosal injection of diluted adrenaline solution, the polyp was removed with a snare. Multiple biopsies were taken from the greater curvature of the antrum and the corpus. Rapid urease test for Helicobacter pylori yielded a negative result. Histopathologic examination showed a hyperplastic polyp without any evidence of malignancy. Biopsies of the antrum and the corpus revealed gastritis with neither atrophic changes nor Helicobacter pylori infection. Follow-up endoscopy after a 12-week course of proton pomp inhibitor therapy showed a complete healing without any remnant tissue at the polypectomy site. The patient has been symptom-free during 8 months of follow-up. Conclusions Symptomatic gastric polyps should be removed preferentially when they are detected at the initial diagnostic endoscopy. Polypectomy not only provides tissue to determine the exact histopathologic type of the polyp, but also achieves radical treatment.

Aim: To analyze gastric polypoid lesions in our patient-population with respect to histopathologic features and demographic, clinical, and endoscopic characteristics of patients., Methods: Clinical records and histopathologic reports of patients with gastric polypoid lesions were analyzed retrospectively. All lesions had been totally removed by either endoscopic polypectomy or hot biopsy forceps. The histopathologic slides were re-evaluated by the same histopathologist., Results: One-hundred and fifty gastric polypoid lesions were identified in 91 patients. There were 53 (58%) women and 38 (42%) men with a median age of 53 (range, 31 to 82) years. The most frequent presenting symptom was dyspepsia that was observed in 35 (38.5%) patients. Symptoms were mostly related to various associated gastric abnormalities such as chronic gastritis or H pylori infection rather than polypoid lesion itself. Polypoid lesions were commonly located in the antrum followed by cardia. Out of 150 lesions, 80 (53%) had the largest dimensions less than or equal to 5 mm and only 7 were pedunculated. The frequencies of hyperplastic polyps, foveolar hyperplasia, and fundic gland polyps were 46%, 18%, and 14% respectively. We also detected gastritis varioliformis in 12 specimens, lymphoid follicles in 9, 4 adenomatous polyps in 4, polypoid lesions with edematous mucosa in 4, inflammatory polyps in 3, and carcinoid tumor in 1. Adenomatous changes were observed within two hyperplastic polyps and low grade dysplasia in one adenoma. Histopathologic evaluation of the surrounding gastric mucosa demonstrated chronic gastritis in 72 (79%) patients and H pylori infection in 45 (49%)., Conclusion: Hyperplastic polyps are the most frequently encountered subtype of gastric polypoid lesions. They are usually associated with chronic gastritis or H pylori gastritis. Contrary to the previous belief, they may harbour adenomatous changes or dysplastic foci. Therefore, endoscopic polypectomy seems as a safe and fast procedure for both diagnosis and treatment of gastric polypoid lesions at the same session. In addition, edematous mucosa may appear misleadingly as a polypoid lesion in some instances and it can be ruled out only by histopathologic examination.