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Nitrogen (N) cycling in rangeland soils could potentially be controlled by water supply, stocking rates, or a range of other variables, such as ecosystem N stocks. To gauge the relative importance and elucidate possible interactions among these factors, we measured many abiotic variables to identify first-order controls of δ15N for Patagonia’s rangeland soils under contrasting historical grazing intensities. The results showed that δ15N values declined as water availability increased. The effects of precipitation and stocking rate on soil δ15N values were additive, and the effect of precipitation far outweighed the effects of grazing pressure. The soil N stock was a weak predictive variable for modeling variation in δ15N of the soil. Earlier assumptions about an inflection point for N cycling and δ15N values related to aridity were not confirmed. We conclude that variation in water availability drives variation in δ15N values irrespective of grazing intensity. We also conclude that meaningful interpretation of δ15N in soil will require a better mechanistic understanding of the interactions between water and N in the vadose zone than we currently possess. EEA Santa Cruz Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Duarte Guardia, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Fil: Duarte Guardia, Sandra. Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA). Laboratorio Nacional de Suelos, Aguas y Foliares-LABSAF; Perú. Fil: Amelung, Wulf. University of Bonn. Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES). Soil Science and Soil Ecology; Alemania Fil: Ladd, Brenton. Universidad Científica del Sur. Escuela de Agroforestería; Perú.

La introducción de fuentes de agua artificiales para uso ganadero en ecosistemas donde el agua ha estado ausente durante su evolución ha provocado cambios en la vegetación. Se ha demostrado que existe una atenuación radial del impacto del pastoreo con la distancia a la fuente de agua, favoreciendo la formación de piósferas. En Argentina, no existen estudios que evalúen cómo actúa el clima como modulador de los efectos del pastoreo en piósferas a lo largo de gradientes ambientales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar y analizar el rol que juega el clima como mo dulador de los efectos que el pastoreo induce a escala local. Esto permitiría comprender como actúa el clima sobre los efectos del pastoreo. Para ello se seleccionaron 77 piósferas a lo largo de un gradiente climático y se analizó la variabilidad espacial de los valores de NDVI (Índice de Vegetación de la Diferencia Normalizada) en el gradiente de pastoreo y su relación con la precipitación media anual y la temperatura media anual. Se observaron dos patrones diferentes de respuesta del NDVI. El patrón 1 presentó un aumento del NDVI con la distancia al punto de agua, mientras que el patrón 2 manifestó un comportamiento inverso. Las piósferas de los patrones 1 y 2 se ubicaron por encima y por debajo de los 280 mm de precipitación anual y de los 14.5 °C de temperatura media anual, respectivamente. Estos resultados sugieren que existe un comportamiento diferencial de la vegetación frente al pastoreo que estaría modulado por variables climáticas. The introduction of artificial water sources for livestock uses in ecosystems where water has been absent during their evolution has caused changes in vegetation. It has been proven that there is a radial mitigation of grazing impact with the distance between the water sources, which en courages the formation of piospheres. In Argentina, there are no studies that evaluate how climate acts as a modulator of the effects of grazing in piospheres along environmental gradients. The objective of this study was to evaluate and analyze the role that climate plays as a modulator of effects that grazing induces on a local scale. This would allow us to understand how the climate acts on the effects of grazing. For that, 77 piospheres were selected along a climatic gradient that covers arid and semi-arid areas of Argentina and the spatial variability of the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values in the grazing gradient were analyzed as well as its relationship with mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature. Two different patterns of NDVI response were observed within the grazing gradient. Pattern 1 presented an increase in NDVI with distance to the water point, while pattern 2 showed a reverse effect. The piospheres of patterns 1 and 2 were located above and below 280 mm of annual precipitation and 14.5 °C of mean annual temperature, respectively. These results suggest that there is a differential effect of grazing on vegetation, and that this effect is modulated by climatic variables. Fil: Calvo, Dianela Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Atlántica. Centro de Estudios Ambientales desde la NorPatagonia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Peter, Guadalupe. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Atlántica. Centro de Estudios Ambientales desde la NorPatagonia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Gaitán, Juan José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina

The reuse of effluents from intensive dairy farms combined with localized irrigation techniques (fertigation) has become a promising alternative to increase crop productivity while reducing the environmental impact of waste accumulation and industrial fertilizers production. Currently, the reuse of dairy effluents through fertigation by subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems is of vital importance for arid regions but it has been poorly studied. The present study aimed to assess the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil properties, and crop yield of a maize crop fertigated with either treated dairy effluent or dissolved granulated urea applied through an SDI system at a normalized N application rate of 200 kg N ha−1. Fertilizer application was divided into six fertigation events. GHG fluxes were measured during fertigation (62-day) using static chambers. Soil properties were measured previous to fertilizer applications and at the harvest coinciding with crop yield estimation. A slight increase in soil organic matter was observed in both treatments for the 20–60 cm soil depth. Both treatments also showed similar maize yields, but the dairy effluent increased net GHG emissions more than urea during the fertigation period. Nevertheless, the net GHG emissions from the dairy effluent were lower than the theoretical CO2eq emission that would have been emitted during urea manufacturing or the longer storage of the effluent if it had not been used, showing the need for life-cycle assessments. Local-specific emission factors for N2O were determined (0.07%), which were substantially lower than the default value (0.5%) of IPCC 2019. Thus, the subsurface drip irrigation systems can lead to low GHG emissions, although further studies are needed. EEA Hilario Ascasubi Fil: Lombardi, Banira. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Fil: Lombardi, Banira. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Fil: Orden, Luciano. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; Argentina Fil: Orden, Luciano. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Varela, Patricio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; Argentina. Fil: Garay, Maximiliano. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Iocoli, Gastón Alejandro. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Montenegro, Agustín Rodrigo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; Argentina Fil: Sáez-Tovar, José. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental; España Fil: Bustamante, María Ángeles. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental; España Fil: Juliarena, María Paula. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Argentina. Fil: Juliarena, María Paula. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Fil: Juliarena, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Fil: Moral, Raúl. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental; España

Arid and semiarid environments dominate the Earth’s surface and are very vulnerable to global change. Chañar (Geoffroea decorticans) and brea (Parkinsonia praecox) are two ubiquitous woody species of these environments. They grow in degraded forests, strongly modified areas and as a main component of secondary forests. Despite the value of both species, little is known about their growth dynamics and their relationship with climate. The objective of this research was to determine their dendrochronological potential and the connection between growth and climate variables. Anatomical and standard dendrochronological methods were applied. First of all, we stated the anatomical characteristics that allowed us to detect tree-ring boundaries (terminal parenchyma and variation in the shape of vessels). Further, after dating and measurement of tree rings we determined significant correlation between series, which means a common growth signal among trees as a result of environmental variable effects. Trees were not older than 40 years. Mean annual radial growth was 3.37 mm (SD±0.71) and 2.16 mm (SD±0.61) for chañar and brea, respectively. Finally, chañar and brea had a negative growth-mean temperature association. Rainfall affected chañar and brea growth in summer previous to the growing season. Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) had an inverse association with growth of brea. This means, in the case of brea, a significant association with local (temperature and rainfall) and global (SOI) climate variables. These results evidenced the growth dynamics of both species and their value for dendroclimatological studies for the first time. Los ambientes áridos y semiáridos dominan la superficie terrestre y son muy vulnerables en el contexto actual del cambio global. El chañar (Geoffroea decorticans) y la brea (Parkinsonia praecox) son especies que crecen en estos ambientes en bosques degradados, en áreas severamente transformadas o bien como componentes secundarios de los bosques maduros. A pesar de la importancia de ambas especies poco se conoce sobre su dinámica de crecimiento y su relación con el clima. El objetivo de este trabajo fue: determinar el potencial dendrocronológico y el vínculo entre el crecimiento y las variables climáticas de ambas especies. Se aplicaron métodos anatómicos y dendrocronológicos estándares. En primer lugar, establecimos las características anatómicas que nos permitieron detectar los límites de los anillos de crecimiento de los árboles. En segundo lugar, determinamos una correlación significativa entre las series, lo que significa una señal de crecimiento común entre los árboles como resultado de los efectos de las variables ambientales. Las series medidas en ambas especies permitieron estimar correlaciones significativas que demuestran una señal común de crecimiento ambiental. El crecimiento radial medio para ambas especies fue de 3,37 (DS±0,71) y 2,16 (DS±0,61) respectivamente. La longevidad no superó los 40 años. Por último, el crecimiento de chañar y brea tuvieron una asociación inversa con la temperatura media. La precipitación afectó los crecimientos de chañar en el verano y de la brea en la estación previa al crecimiento. El IOS (Índice de Oscillation Sur) tuvo una asociación inversa con el crecimiento de la brea. Esto implica, en el caso de la brea, una asociación significativa con variables climáticas locales (temperatura y lluvia) y globales (IOS). Estos resultados señalaron por primera vez la dinámica de crecimiento de ambas especies y su valor para estudios dendroclimatológicos. EEA San Luis Fil: Cendoya, María Alicia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Luis; Argentina Fil: Micca, Marcia. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina Fil: Bogino, Stella Marys. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T17:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-11-09 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Background: Considering the importance of leptospirosis in sheep farming and public health and the significance of identifying which serogroups circulate in sheep within each region, the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and spatial distribution of the most frequent serogroups causing infection by Leptospira sp. in ovine herds in the Northeast region of Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: Blood samples were collected from 4197 sheep from 229 herds in 7 Northeastern States. Sera were analyzed via microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The frequency of seroreactive sheep for Leptospira sp. was 14.06%. The states of Alagoas, Ceara, Paraiba, Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe, located in the Caatinga biome, had the highest frequencies of serologically reactive sheep, and Maranhao, in the Cerrado biome, had the lowest frequency. The most frequent serogroups were Autumnalis (19.49%), Australis (15.76%) and Serjoe (14.41%). In the states of Ceara, Paraiba, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe, 100% of their municipalities had at least one seroreactive animal. The highest frequencies of seropositive animals were found in the municipalities of Uniao (50%), Passagem (49.06%), Caninde (48.89%), Igaci (28.95%), Gararu (31.2%), Pirapemas (17.5%), and Angicos (16%) located in the states of Piaui, Paraiba, Ceara, Alagoas, Sergipe, Maranhao and Rio Grande do Norte, respectively. Discussion: The animal-level prevalence (14.06%) obtained in the present study is significant, especially considering the rustic nature of the species and the adverse conditions of the region for the infectious agent. In semi-arid conditions, it has been suggested that perhaps sheep do not seroconvert detectable titers on MAT with a cut-off point of 1:100. It is important to highlight that the ovine population in the Northeast region of Brazil is composed of mixed animals, which have been considered more resistant to infection by Leptospira spp. Also, environmental factors hostile to the survival of the infectious agent in the studied region should be taken into consideration, since they may have influenced the seropositive animal-level prevalence. A noteworthy variation was observed in agglutinin titers, which ranged from 100 to 1,600, where 80.2% of the positive samples had titers

The expansion of sesame growth has led to one of the biggest challenges in weed management mainly due to the limited options of selective herbicides for the control of eudicots species. This study aimed to evaluate the selectivity of diuron, s-metolachlor or imazethapyr herbicide treatments in isolation, or in a tank mixture, when applied in preemergence only, or association with diuron herbicide sprayed in postemergence during sesame cultivation. Two experiments were carried out under Brazilian Cerrado conditions. In the first experiment, different doses (g ha-1) of diuron (500 and 750), s-metolachlor (480 and 960) and imazethapyr (40 and 80) were applied in preemergence in isolation or in a tank mixture. In the second experiment, doses (g ha-1) of the herbicides diuron (500 and 750) and s-metolachlor (480 and 720) were applied in preemergence isolated or in tank mixture, associated or not with diuron (500 g ha-1) in postemergence. The results indicated that diuron and s- metolachlor applied in isolation or in combination during preemergence are selective to the sesame crop up to the doses of 750 g ha-1 and 720 g ha-1, respectively, and when applied in association with diuron at a dose of 500 g ha-1 in postemergence are also selective for sesame crop. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-20T15:06:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SELECTIVITY-HERBICIDES-PREEMERGENCE-4.pdf: 579893 bytes, checksum: b641419111ea3d3cbdedb3dfa2e41944 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Background: Chlamydia abortus infections (Chlamydiosis) can cause reproductive problems in sheep, such as abortions and birth defects, leading to farm productivity loss. The symptoms, which are similar to other reproductive diseases, and the microbial pathogenesis make the clinical diagnosis difficult. Chlamydia abortus is a zoonotic pathogen, making it a public health issue because it can infect and induce abortions in humans. This study investigated anti-C. abortus antibody levels and infection risk factors in sheep in the State of Ceará, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-three properties from 10 municipalities in 4 mesoregions in the State of Ceará, Brazil (Sertões, metropolitan Fortaleza, North Ceará and Northwest Ceará) with sheep, goats, cattle, and horses were visited. Five hundred and four serological samples from sheep were collected and tested for anti-C. abortus antibodies using an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) [IDEXX®, Australia] and all procedures were performed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of EMBRAPA Goats and Sheep (Sobral, Brazil). Individual questionnaires were completed about sheep breeding practices and to identify possible C. abortus risks. Seropositive results were found in 18.45 % (93/504 individuals) of sheep, and 88.37 % (38/43 properties) of the herds had at least one seropositive animal. The number of seropositive individuals was significantly different between adults and ewes [P < 0.01; Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.510; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.306 - 0.850]. Logistic regression modeling identified a missing health certificate request for newly acquired animals as a chlamydiosis risk factor [P = 0.038; OR = 2.672; 95% CI = 1.058 - 6.749]. Discussion: The prevalence of anti-C. abortus antibodies in sheep in the State of Ceara emphasizes the importance of testing and tracking the disease spread among herds; these results were similar to studies in other areas of Brazil. Adult sheep that spend more time on the property may have a higher exposure risk because of increased reproductive activity. Misinformation and technical limitations can influence the proper handling of animals avoiding contagion through the correct use of techniques and recommendations. Disease transmission occurs through the digestive tract and between mother and fetus. Therefore, seropositive (infected) sheep may be related to the breeding system practices, such as allowing contact between sheep and other species on the property (goats, cattle, and horses) during breeding. Acquiring animals from external sources without sufficient health information can increase the transmission risk. Contaminated pastures, water, food, and air also increase transmission risk. The lack of technical and practical knowledge regarding disease prevention and control also contributes to disease transmission, resulting in reproductive losses due to high abortion rates. Chlamydia abortus has zoonotic potential and may infect humans without proper safety information. Therefore, future epidemiological studies are required for a better understanding of the primary risk factors for disease occurrence and spread among herds in the region. Chlamydia abortus infection is present in sheep in Ceará, Brazil. Chlamydiosis information programs should be adopted, sanitary measures implemented, and the epidemiological surveillance of sheep herds strengthened. Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-10T12:05:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC-2021-Art-95.pdf: 180715 bytes, checksum: de689ae28b0c057f2f962d12569f525f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a capacidade de técnicas de modelagem e de geoprocessamento na geração de um protocolo com informações de alerta precoce aos pecuaristas residentes em regiões do bioma Caatinga. O primeiro capítulo realizo uma análise temporal das secas e da distribuição espacial dos rebanhos do Semiárido brasileiro por ferramentas de geoprocessamento. Foram criados mapas anuais de índice de vegetação pela diferença normalizada (NDVI) e de índice de seca pela diferença normalizada (NDDI) por imagens MOD09A1 processadas na plataforma Google Earth Engine (GEE) e no Software QGIS (2.18). Para a distribuição espacial dos rebanhos utilizou-se o banco de dados de produção pecuária municipal do SIDRA/IBGE. A análise comparativa mostrou que as classes seca extrema e seca excepcional foram maiores na 2° série histórica, enquanto seca anormal teve maior área na 1a. série. A análise dos dados gerou informações como os locais mais propícios a criação de ovinos e de caprinos frente aos riscos de períodos de incertezas climáticas. No segundo capítulo foi feita a caracterização espectral por meio da sazonalidade do fator de refletância bidirecional de superfície e dos índices espectrais de vegetação de fragmentos de pastagens nativas, bem como a mudança do uso e ocupação do solo de regiões do bioma Caatinga. Foram utilizadas imagens do satélite Landsat-8 do período chuvoso e o período seco do ano de 2018 para verificar a sazonalidade da vegetação por meio da variação da refletância bidirecional de superfície das bandas espectrais e dos índices espectrais de vegetação (NDVI, SAVI, EVI, IAF, MSAVI2 e NDWI). Com o intuito de obter a mudança da ocupação e uso do solo, foi utilizada a plataforma Google Earth Engine (GEE) e imagens Landsat-8 durante o período de 2014 a 2018. A validação do modelo de classificação por meio da matriz de confusão resultou numa exatidão global de 91% e índice Kappa de 89% em Tauá, e uma exatidão global de 90% e um índice Kappa de 86% em Ouricuri. A classificação de imagem por meio da ferramenta Google Earth Engine se mostrou eficaz em verificar a mudança temporal e espacial do uso e ocupação do solo, possibilitando identificar locais com vegetação mais afetada e susceptível à degradação. O terceiro capítulo testou a eficiência da modelagem empírica e mecanicística em simular a biomassa de forragem de pastagens nativa do bioma Caatinga e aplicá-los em mapas de produção de forragem. A estimativa da produção de biomassa da pastagem foi feita pela soma da biomassa herbácea e arbustivo-arbóreo. Para modelagem empírica foram utilizadas imagens do satélite Sentinel 2-A e testados os índices: NDVI, SAVI, EVI, IAF, MSAVI2 e NDWI, através do LAB Fit Curve Fitting. A calibração do modelo PHYGROW foi realizada por meio da plataforma virtual PHYWEB. O SAVI foi o índice que apresentou os melhores ajustes do modelo com média capacidade de simular a produção da biomassa de forragem total em pastagens naturais da Caatinga. O PHYGROW apresentou melhor desempenho em simular a produção de biomassa, mostrando-se ser útil para estimar a produção de biomassa de áreas de Caatinga com diferentes níveis de densidade lenhosa, tornando-se uma ferramenta útil para o manejo racional de pastagens. Abstracts: The aim of this study was to analyze the capacity of modeling and geoprocessing techniques in the generation of a protocol with early warning information for livestock farmers living in regions of the Caatinga Biome. The first chapter carried out a temporal analysis of droughts and the spatial distribution of herds in the Brazilian Semi-Arid region using geoprocessing tools. Annual maps of the vegetation index by the normalized difference (NDVI) and the drought index by the normalized difference (NDDI) maps were created using MOD09A1 images processed on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and the QGIS Software (2.18). For the spatial distribution of herds, the municipal livestock production database of SIDRA/IBGE was used. The comparative analysis showed that the classes, extreme drought and exceptional drought were higher in the 2nd historical series, while abnormal drought had greater area in the 1st series. The analysis of the data generated information such as the most favorable places for the creation of sheep and goats in view of the risks of periods of climatic uncertainties. In the second chapter, spectral characterization was carried out through the seasonality of the bi-directional surface reflectance factor and the spectral indices of vegetation of fragments of native pastures, as well as the change in land use and occupation in regions of the Caatinga Biome. Images from the Landsat-8 satellite of the rainy season and the dry period of the year 2018 were used to verify the seasonality of the vegetation through the variation of the bidirectional reflectance of the surface of the spectral bands and the spectral indices of vegetation (NDVI, SAVI, EVI, IAF, MSAVI2 and NDWI). In order to obtain a change in land use and occupation, the Google Earth Engine (GHG) platform and Landsat-8 images were used during the period from 2014 to 2018. The validation of the classification model through the confusion matrix resulted in a global accuracy of 91% and Kappa index of 89% in Tauá, and global accuracy of 90% and Kappa index of 86% in Ouricuri. Image classification using the Google Earth Engine tool proved to be effective in verifying the temporal and spatial change in land use and occupation, making it possible to identify places with the most affected vegetation and susceptible to degradation. The third chapter tested the efficiency of empirical and mechanistic modeling in simulating forage biomass from native pastures of the Caatinga Biome and applying them to forage production maps. The estimate of pasture biomass production was based on the sum of herbaceous and shrub-tree biomass. For empirical modeling, images from the Sentinel 2-A satellite were used and the indices tested: NDVI, SAVI, EVI, IAF, MSAVI2 and NDWI, through the LAB Fit Curve Fitting. The calibration of the PHYGROW model was performed using the PHYWEB virtual platform. The SAVI was the index that presented the best adjustments of the model with a medium capacity to simulate the production of total forage biomass in rangelands of the Caatinga. PHYGROW showed better performance in simulating biomass production, proving to be useful for estimating biomass production in areas of Caatinga with different levels of woody density, making it a useful tool for the rational management of rangelands. Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-06T12:10:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC-2021-Art-59.pdf: 4393052 bytes, checksum: 42c7e8d118421abb46e301becdf52509 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021 Tese (Doutor em Zootecnia. Área de Concentração: Forragicultura) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza. Orientador: Magno José Duarte Cândido; Coorientador: Ana Clara Rodrigues Cavalcante.

The use of biogas as an alternative to using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking food in the context of family farming is something recent and has ample room for growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the Sertanejo biodigester by farming families as a social technology for cooking gas production, as well as an alternative energy source. It also aimed to identify elements which contribute to disseminating this technology as an alternative to the use of firewood, charcoal and LPG. Quali-quantitative approaches were used following the exploratory method, with interviews and non-probabilistic sampling. A population with 132 units of biodigesters in the Agreste mesoregion of the State of Pernambuco was considered, with 83 interviews being collected. The results indicated that the Sertanejo biodigester social technology provides an increase in the income of farming families, avoids the use of firewood and charcoal for cooking food and produces biofertilizer for crops. They also showed that its non-continuous use or deactivation is related to a lack of raw material and the need for maintenance. Given this scenario, its implementation must consider the availability of a raw material source in the production unit and the potential for biogas production from the existing herd and consumption demand. It is recommended to strengthen arguments of economic and environmental impact for low-income families to disseminate this technology; to encourage the use of biogas associated with other activities in the production system; and to incorporate biodigestor social technology in rural credit financing lines. Made available in DSpace on 2022-02-12T02:09:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sertanejo-biodigestor-a-social-technology-2021.pdf: 1280147 bytes, checksum: 8c608e4ca15baa3ca73741ca67dee079 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of integrated farming systems arrangements on the fertility, carbon stock and aggregate stability of an Alfisol previously used for pasture, in the semiarid region of the Paraíba state, after four years of implementation. Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-30T19:00:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fertility-carbon-stock-and-aggregate-stability-of-an-Alfisol-2021.pdf: 264221 bytes, checksum: 9860104df33b49f57c752433fdffce39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Presence of pesticides in drinking water is an issue of great concern in agricultural areas. In Argentina’s semiarid regions, where surface water sources are scarce and groundwater may be of poor quality, rainwater becomes important for safe water supply. The expansion of agriculture in these regions due to no till management has led to a high use of pesticides which jeopardize the safety of all water sources used for human consumption. The objective was to monitor the presence of pesticides in different water sources from two agricultural areas of Santiago del Estero. Samples belonged to cisterns in which rainwater is collected, wells and dams. The most contaminated sources were dams, followed by cisterns and wells. Applied doses and frequency of use played an important role in the presence of pesticides. Thus, the most frequent molecules were mainly herbicides; atrazine and metolachlor were the most abundant. Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid presented the highest concentrations. Almost all measured values were below the US Environmental Protection Agency limits, but 73% of the samples exceeded the limit of 0.5 μg L−1 established by the European Union for the sum of molecules although only 7.4% of individual molecules exceeded the limit of 0.1 μg L−1. However, risk assessment showed that pesticides from all sources presented a low potential risk to human health through drinking water exposure route. EEA Quimili Fil: Mas, Laura Inés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Quimili; Argentina. Fil: Aparicio, Virginia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Fil: De Gerónimo, Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Fil: Costa, Jose Luis. Actividad privada; Argentina

World climate change has triggered soil water stress and imposed limitations on agricultural production. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPBs) have been an efficient strategy to improve the biological supply and growth of plants under distinct abiotic stress conditions. We hypothesized that the soils from a temporary pond may harbor PGPBs with potential strains which increase maize tolerance to water deficit. We studied rhizosphere and bulk soil of Mimosa bimucronata in a temporary pond from semiarid Northeast Brazil to access strains with characteristics to promote plant growth and mitigate abiotic stress for maize crop. We isolated 355 bacterial isolates, from which 96 were selected based on the morphophysiological characterization to assess IAA production (42 % produced over 50 ug mL-1 of IAA), calcium phosphate solubilization (with one isolate achieving medium IS), biofilm and exopolysaccharides production (66 % and 98 % of isolates, respectively). Based on these mechanisms, the 30 most promising bacterial isolates were selected to assess biological nitrogen fixation (74 % of the isolates showed nitrogenase activity greater than 20 C2H4.h-1.mg-1), ACC deaminase activity (80 % of isolates) and growth in medium with reduced water activity (8 % of isolates grew in medium with water activity (Aw) of 0.844). We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene from the seven most promising isolates in in vitro and in vivo assays, which were identified as Staphylococcus edaphicus, Bacillus wiedmannii, Micrococcus yunnanensis, Streptomyces alboflavus, Streptomyces alboflavus, Bacillus wiedmanni and Bacillus cereus. In vivo, eleven isolates and three bacterial consortia did not differ from the control with nutrient solution, for total leaf area and root dry mass of maize. S. alboflavus (BS43) had the best in vivo results, not differing from the control with nutrient solution. We highlight the unpublished potential of Staphylococcus edaphicus and Streptomyces alboflavus in promoting the growth of plants under water stress. In addition, it is the first report of bacteria isolated from a temporary pond in the Brazilian semiarid which promoting plant growth attributes and development. Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-12T12:01:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bacteria-from-tropical-semiarid-temporary-ponds-2020.pdf: 1063882 bytes, checksum: d98a0b8af8d7063bd8ef46dc344c460a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

La técnica del creep feeding es una estrategia de “desmadre progresivo” donde se suplementa al ternero mientras se encuentra todavía al pie de la madre, buscando compensar el desbalance que se produce entre la producción decreciente de leche de las vacas y el aumento de los requerimientos nutricionales de sus crías. “Progresiva” porque todavía los terneros siguen amamantándose, y con la técnica irá disminuyendo la producción de leche por parte de la vaca hasta el destete definitivo de los terneros. EEA Bordenave Fil: Lauric, Miriam Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave. Agencia de Extensión Rural Bahía Blanca; Argentina Fil: Torres Carbonell, Carlos Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave. Agencia de Extensión Rural Bahía Blanca; Argentina Fil: De Leo, Gerónimo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave. Agencia de Extensión Rural Bahía Blanca; Argentina Fil: Scoponi, Liliana. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ciencias de la Administración; Argentina

Resumo: A maioria dos sistemas de produção de pequenos ruminantes no semiárido brasileiro são sistemas mistos associados com outras atividades pecuárias e agrícolas, conduzidos por agricultores familiares. Apesar das características gerais comuns entre os sistemas de produção, existem diferentes tipos de propriedades que produzem ovinos e caprinos no semiárido. A avaliação dos sistemas agropecuários constitui-se em um importante instrumento para o desenvolvimento sustentável desses sistemas.A base da alimentação dos rebanhos no semiárido é a vegetação da Caatinga, que apresenta característica de elevada estacionalidade quanto a produção de biomassa de forragem e de concentração de nutrientes disponíveis para os animais. A utilização da modelagem pode ser uma metodologia eficiente para auxiliar no planejamento e adequação alimentar dos animais ao longo do ano, o que seria aplicável a esse caso. Os objetivos desse estudo foram identificar e caracterizar os tipos de sistemas de produção de ovinos do bioma Caatinga, usando como modelo o município de Tauá-CE, além de avaliar o balanço alimentar dos rebanhos das propriedades modais através da modelagem e propor estratégias de melhoria da utilização dos recursos alimentares. Para a identificação dos tipos de sistemas de produção, foram utilizados os métodos de Componentes Principais e análise de Clusters de um banco de dados de questionários aplicados com produtores de ovinos do município de Tauá. Em seguida, para caracterizar a propriedade modal de cada grupamento, foi aplicada a metodologia de Painel de Especialistas. O balanço alimentar dos rebanhos nas propriedades foi calculado utilizando um modelo elaborado base nos conceitos e premissas de Webby & Bywater (2017) e ajustado para as condições pastoris da Caatinga de acordo Cavalcante (2015). A produção de ovinos e caprinos nos dois tipos identificadas ocorrem em sistemas mistos de produção com baixa adoção de tecnologias, sendo semelhantes quanto as práticas de manejo e integração com outras atividades agropecuárias. Os tipos se diferenciam por características de renda agropecuária e efetivo dos rebanhos. Em ambos os tipos de sistemas de produção, a bovinocultura de leite é a principal fonte de renda, seguida pelos pequenos ruminantes. Para modelagem, utilizou-se duas propriedades típicas da região: TP1 e TP2. A quantidade de matéria seca (MS) de forragem da TP1 é de 1.244 kg de MS/ha/ano em 85 ha, e naTP2 é de 1.189kg de MS/ha/ano em 170 ha. Nessas duas propriedades, o rebanho bovino apresenta as maiores proporções das demandas de MS, Energia Metabolizável (EM) e Proteína Metabolizável (PM). O balanço nutricional apresenta saldo negativo de MS, EM e PM nas estações seca e transição seca-chuva nos dois sistemas de produção. O estudo de tipologia forneceu informações úteis para melhor compreender e apoiar formulações de ações de intervenção apropriadas a cada tipo de sistema de produção identificado. A modelagem permitiu verificar que as propriedades modais são bastante semelhantes em relação ao balanço de nutrientes. Para equilibrar o balanço alimentar dos rebanhos é necessário aumentar a quantidade de forragem conservada e ajustar o ciclo anual de demanda de nutrientes dos rebanhos.O modelo desenvolvido poderá auxiliar o produtor do Bioma Caatinga na tomada de decisão tanto em relação ao manejo dos animais, como na definição do melhor período de acasalamento e da quantidade de forragem conservada necessária para períodos de seca. [Typology and modeling of diversified systems with sheep production in the Caatinga Biome]. Abstract: Most small ruminant production systems in the semi-arid are mixed systems associated with other livestock and agricultural activities, conducted by family farmers. Despite the general characteristics common among the production systems, there are different types of properties that produce sheep and goats in the semi-arid region. The evaluation of agricultural systems is an important instrument for thesustainable development of these systems. The basis of the herds? feedingin the semi-arid is the vegetation of the CaatingaBiome, which presents a characteristic of high seasonality regarding the production of forage biomass and nutrient composition available to the animals. The use of modellingis an efficient methodology to assist in the planning and feeding adequacy of animals throughout the year. The objectives of this study were to identifyand characterize the types of sheep production systems inCaatinga Biome, taking as a modelthe municipality of Tauá-CE, and evaluate,for the first time,the feed balance of the herds of different types of production systems. The feed balance was calculated using a model elaborated based on the concepts and premises of Webby & Bywater (2017) and adjusted to the pastoral conditions of the Caatinga according to Cavalcante (2015). For the identification of the typesof sheep production systems were usedthe Principal Components and Cluster Analysis methods of a database of questionnaires applied to sheep producers in the municipality of Tauá. Then, in order to characterize the modal property of each typewas applied the Expert Panel methodology. The production of sheep and goats in the two types identified occurs in mixed production systems with low adoption of technologies, being similar in terms of management practices and integration with other agricultural activities. The types differ by agricultural income and size of herds. In both types, dairy cattle is the main source of income, followed by small ruminants. In the modeling, the two typical properties of the region were contrasted. The forage massof TP1 is 1,244 kg dry matter (DM)/ ha / year in 85 ha, and in TP2 it is 1,189 kg DM / ha / year in 170 ha. In both modal properties, the bovine herd has the highest proportions of the demands of DM, EM and PM. The nutritional balance shows a negative balance of DM, EM and PM in the dry seasons and dry-rain transition in both types. The evaluation of the typologies provided useful information to better understand and support formulations of intervention actions appropriate to each type of production system identified. The simulation modeling allowed to verify that the modal properties are quite similar in relation to the nutrient balance. In order to adjust the animals feed balance, it is necessary to increase the amount of forage conserved and adjust the annual cycle of nutrient demand in the flocks and herds. The model developed can assist the Brazilian semi-arid producer in making decisions both in relation to the management of animals, as well as in the definition of the best mating period and the amountof conserved forage neededfor drought periods. Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-17T04:00:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC-2020-UPA-02.pdf: 2279865 bytes, checksum: 21f2c54249173f0898fbe26df287c05f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. Orientador: Cesar Henrique Espírito Candal Poli.

In the current scenario of climate change, sorghum crop has high growth potential, requiring adaptation and selection studies for the various Brazilian production environments. Sorghum is among the most drought-tolerant cereals; however, extended summer can reduce the size and number of grains in the plant, reflecting into poorer yields. Sorghum breeding programs aim to develop hybrids more tolerant to water deficit, to ensure profitable yield even in the face of drought stress. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of water restriction on grain sorghum hybrids in the pre- and post-flowering phases in the Brazilian semiarid. Twenty-five hybrids were evaluated under controlled irrigation conditions in Nova Porteirinha-MG and Teresina-PI. In the Nova Porteirinha, the hybrids were cultivated under conditions of non-drought stress and with drought stress in pre- and post-flowering stage. On the other hand, in Teresina, the experiment took place with non-drought stress and drought stress at post-flowering stage. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks, in factorial scheme, with three replications. Drought stress reduced grain yield by more than 40%, showing that even being resistant, sorghum is affected by drought. Hybrids 1168093, 1167092, 1236020 and 1423007 showed high yields in the various environments, outyielding the commercial controls, what allows the recommendation of these cultivars for the semiarid areas or late off-season in the Cerrado region. Made available in DSpace on 2020-07-02T11:11:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GrainSorghumGrownJAS2020.12.4.pdf: 690667 bytes, checksum: 2d7693f45b05bd7cdbc3614dbcda345f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Agricultural technology change is required in developing countries to increase the robustness to climate-related variability, feed a growing population, and create opportunities for market-oriented production. This study investigates technological change in the form of adoption of improved wheat, drought-tolerant teff, and cash crops in the semi-arid Tigray region in northern Ethiopia. We analyze three rounds of panel data collected from smallholder farms in 2005/2006, 2009/2010 and 2014/2015 with a total sample of 1269 households. Double-hurdle models are used to assess how the likelihood (first hurdle) and intensity of technology adoption (second hurdle) are affected by demographic, weather, and market factors. The results indicate that few smallholders have adopted the new crops, those that have adopted the crops only plant small shares of their land with the new crops, and that there has been only a small increase in adoption over the ten-year period. Furthermore, we find that high population density is positively associated with the adoption of improved wheat, and previous period's rainfall is positively associated with the adoption of drought-tolerant teff. The adoption of cash crops is positively associated with landholding size and access to irrigation. The policy implications of these results are that the government should increase the improved wheat diffusion efforts in less population dense areas, make sure that drought-tolerant teff seed is available and affordable after droughts, and promote irrigation infrastructure for production of cash crops.

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.) is an important crop for rainfed production systems and can play a significant role as a feed source for ruminants owing to its high yield and drought tolerance. It is well-established that the maturity stage can influence the chemical composition as well as the nutritional value of crops traditionally used for silage production, although quantitative evidence that this occurs with pearl millet under rainfed conditions is lacking. The current research assessed the agronomic characteristics, ensilability, intake and digestibility of a Brazilian pearl millet cultivar (IPA BULK1-BF) harvested at four different growth stages. Forage was harvested at 35, 50, 65 and 80 days after sowing and ensiled under laboratory and farm conditions. Apparent digestibility of the silages was determined using 24 male lambs. The results showed that dry matter (DM) and panicle and stem proportions increased with the advancement maturity. The silage evaluations showed that DM, total and non-fibrous carbohydrates and lignin concentrations increased, while crude protein, ADF and in vitro DM digestibility decreased with the increase in plant maturity. Additionally, the fermentation characteristics were improved with the increasing maturity. The digestion study showed that intake of DM and N as well as digestibility of DM and fibre fractions decreased, while lignin intake increased. The results obtained for the production of dry and digestible DM, the ratio of plant fractions and fermentation parameters indicate the possibility of harvesting pearl millet forage after 50 days after sowing for silage production in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-20T09:03:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dantas.-Performance-agronomic-traits-ensilability.pdf: 242348 bytes, checksum: 5697d8ff7b2606de10394c7bab016f57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Resumo: Em programas de controle das Lentiviroses de Pequenos Ruminantes (LVPRs) o aleitamento artificial e a desmama precoce têm foco no controle da transmissão do vírus, a qual pode ocorrer pela ingestão do colostro e/ou leite de cabras infectadas, em contrapartida, tais práticas ocasionam consequências produtivas e impacto no bem-estar animal. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar o estresse materno-filial em rebanho positivo para LVPRs no semiárido nordestino, por análise etológica e quantificação de cortisol no plasma sanguíneo e no pelame. Utilizaram-se quatro subgrupos conforme a ordem de parto (primíparas e pluríparas) e aleitamento (natural ou artificial): cabras primíparas com amamentação natural as crias (PriN), cabras primíparas com aleitamento artificial as crias (PriA), cabras pluríparas com amamentação natural as crias (PluN) e cabras pluríparas com aleitamento artificial as crias (PluA). A postura vigilante foi maior em cabras do grupo PriA (30,6%) em relação as PriN (15,9%) e as PluA (13,7%). As matrizes do grupo PriN manifestaram menor comportamento de posição para mamada em relação as PluN, (17,8%, 31,6%, respectivamente) (p ? 0,05). Quanto ao omportamento das crias, houve diferença (p ? 0,01) para o parâmetro vocalização entre as separadas das mães pluríparas (60,48%) e às mantidas com a mãe (8,54%). O mesmo ocorreu com as crias das primíparas (43,20%; 6,99%) separadas e as mantidas com as progenitoras, respectivamente. As crias separadas de mães pluríparas apresentaram maior registro para tentativa de fuga (p ? 0,05), postura vigilante (p ? 0,01) e inquietação (p ? 0,01), em relação às mantidas com suas progenitoras. As crias de primíparas se mostraram mais inquietas (p ? 0,01) e vigilantes (p ? 0,01). Os valores do cortisol plasmático e do pelo não diferiram (p > 0,05), exceto ao parto. Conclui-se que a separação pós-parto exerce maiores níveis de estresse nas crias, já matrizes apresentam nível de estresse relacionado a fatores externos, e a separação pósparto não interfere na habilidade materna das matrizes nos partos subsequentes. Abstracts: In programs for the control of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), artificial breastfeeding and early weaning focus on controlling the transmission of the virus, which can occur through ingestion of colostrum and / or milk from infected goats, in contrast, such practices cause consequences productive and impact on animal welfare. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate maternal-filial stress in a positive herd for SRLVs in the Northeastern semi-arid region, through ethological analysis and quantification of cortisol in the blood plasma and the hair coat. Four subgroups were used according to the order of birth (primiparous or pluriparous) and to natural or artificial suckling: primiparous goats with natural suckling (PriN), primiparous goats with artificial suckling (PriA), pluriparous goats with natural suckling (PluN) and pluriparous goats with artificial suckling (PluA). The attentive posture was higher in goats from the PriA group (30.6%) compared to PriN (15.9%) and PluA (13.7%). The matrices of the PriN group showed lesser positioning behavior when compared to the PluN, (17.8%, 31.6%, respectively) (p ? 0.05). As for the behavior of the kids, there was a difference (p ? 0.01) for the vocalization parameter between those separated from pluriparous mothers (60.48%) and those kept with the mother (8.54%). The same occurred with the kids of the primiparous (43.20%; 6.99%) separated and those kept with their mothers, respectively. The separated kids of pluriparous mothers had a higher record for attempted escape (p ? 0.05), attentive posture (p ? 0.01), and restlessness (p ? 0.01), concerning those kept with their mothers. Primiparous kids were more restless (p ? 0.01) and attentive (p ? 0.01). The plasma cortisol and hair values did not differ (p> 0.05), except at parturition. It is concluded that the postpartum separation exerts higher levels of stress in the kids, mothers already have a level of stress related to external factors, and the postpartum separation does not interfere in the maternal ability of the mothers in subsequent births. Made available in DSpace on 2022-03-17T19:00:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC-2020-Art1.pdf: 1416470 bytes, checksum: bccc977c47fbe57f6b08fb237aa94cf1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Sobral. Orientadora: Alice Andrioli (CNPC); Coorientadora: Angela Maria de Vasconcelos.

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar um programa de controle da artrite encefalite caprina (AEC), por meio de testes diagnósticos sensíveis, separação de mãe e cria após o parto e medidas de manejo, com o intuito de formar rebanho livre do vírus. Utilizou-se um total de 47 cabritos da raça Saanen, mantidos isoladamente até o resultado dos primeiros testes de reação em cadeia de polimerase nested (PCR nested) e Western Blotting (WB), com base na coleta de sangue no momento do nascimento (M0). No PCR nested, quatro animais foram positivos, no M0, e foram eutanasiados. Posteriormente, os demais 43 cabritos foram submetidos à coleta de sangue aos 60 (M60) e 270 (M270) dias de vida para realização de novos testes de WB e PCR nested, que não detectaram animais positivos. Pode-se afirmar que a metodologia adotada neste estudo foi efetiva no controle da doença, nas fases de aleitamento e pós-aleitamento, e que a combinação do sistema de manejo, a fim de propiciar diminuição de risco de transmissão horizontal, com técnicas de diagnóstico mais apuradas, como o WB e a PCR nested, é relevante para elaboração de plano estratégico de controle da enfermidade. [Bases for a program of control of caprine arthritis encephalite in dairy flock]. Abstract: We aimed to evaluate a program to control Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE), using diagnostic tests, separation of the mother and postpartum and other management measures, in order to form a free flock of the virus. We used a total of 47 Saanengoats in isolation until the results of the first nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested PCR) and Western Blotting (WB) tests, based on blood collection at the time of birth (M0). In the nested PCR, 4 animals were positive, at M0, and were eliminated. Later, the other 43goats were submitted to blood collection at 60 (M60) and 270 (M270) days of life to perform new tests of WB and nested PCR, which did not detect positive animals. We can affirm that the methodology adopted in this study was effective in the control of the disease, in the phase of breastfeeding and post-breastfeeding, and that the combination of the management system, which allows a reduction of risk of horizontal transmission, with more accurate diagnostic techniques, such as WB and nested PCR, is relevant for the elaboration of a strategic plan for the disease control. Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-30T09:01:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC-2020-Art-39.pdf: 124573 bytes, checksum: e4e73d5f2c3b4131f9575990c34a69fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Caprine arthritis encephalitis is a lentiviral disease that leads to considerable losses in goat farming. In the acute phase of viral infection, though antiviral antibodies are produced by the host?s immune system, they are not sufficient to be detected by serological tests. Acute infections begin with an incubation period, during which the viral genome replicates and host innate responses are initiated. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that play an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of tissue remodeling. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of MMPs and their activity in the blood serum of male goats experimentally infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV). Five dairy male goats, aged 3-4 years, were intravenously inoculated with CAEV Cork strain (titer: 105-6 TCID50/mL) after being tested negative for CAEV thrice at consecutive intervals of 30 days using western blot analysis and nested-PCR. The study included three stages: S1 or pre-infection stage; S2 or seroconversion stage, corresponding to the occurrence of first seroconversion; and S3 or post-seroconversion stage, corresponding to 23 weeks after seroconversion. Zymography was performed for the samples using gelatin zymography gels (12.5%), which were subjected to electrophoresis at 170V, 1A, and 300W for 50-70 min. The density of MMP-2 was found to be lower at S1 (1456.20 pixels) than that at S2 and S3 (1943.80 and 2104.40 pixels, respectively) (P < 0.05); and the density of MMP-9 was found to be lower at S3 (133.60 pixels) than that at S1 and S2 (359.60 and 370.60 pixels, respectively). The density of proMMP-2 was low at S1 and S3 (130.45 and 145.20 pixels, respectively). On the other hand, the density of proMMP-9 was statistically different between S1 and S3 (89.22 vs. 415.60 pixels). Both proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 were absent at S2. Thus, MMP-2 and MMP-9 exhibited opposite behaviors depending on the stage of infection. As the greatest activity of MMP-2 was detected at stage S3, we suggest that MMP-2 can be used as a biomarker for complementary diagnosis of acute CAEV infection. In addition, the presence of proMMP-13 can be used to indicate active viral infection. [Estudo de metaloproteinases no sangue de caprinos experimentalmente infectados pelo vírus da artrite encefalite caprina]. Resumo: A encefalite por artrite caprina é uma doença lentiviral que leva a perdas consideráveis na criação de caprinos. Na fase aguda da infecção viral, embora os anticorpos antivirais sejam produzidos pelo sistema imunológico do hospedeiro, eles não são suficientes para serem detectados por testes sorológicos. As infecções agudas começam com um período de incubação, durante o qual o genoma viral se replica e as respostas inatas do hospedeiro são iniciadas. As metaloproteinases da matriz (MMPs) são enzimas que desempenham um papel importante nos processos fisiológicos e patológicos da remodelação tecidual. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a expressão de MMPs e sua atividade no soro sanguíneo de reprodutores caprinos infectados experimentalmente pelo vírus da encefalite por artrite caprina (CAEV). Cinco machos caprinos, com idades entre 3-4 anos, foram inoculadas por via intravenosa com a cepa de CAEV Cork (título: 105-6 TCID50/mL) após serem testados negativamente para CAEV três vezes em intervalos consecutivos de 30 dias usando a análise de western blot e nested-PCR. O estudo incluiu três etapas: estágio S1 ou pré-infecção; S2 ou estágio de soroconversão, correspondente à ocorrência de primeira soroconversão; e S3 ou pós-soroconversão, correspondendo a 23 semanas após a soroconversão. A zimografia foi realizada para as amostras utilizando gel de gelatina (12,5%), que foram submetidos à eletroforese em 170V, 1A e 300W por 50-70 min. Verificou-se que a densidade de MMP-2 era menor em S1 (1456,20 pixels) do que em S2 e S3 (1943,80 e 2104,40 pixels, respectivamente) (P < 0,05); e a densidade de MMP-9 foi menor em S3 (133,60 pixels) do que em S1 e S2 (359,60 e 370,60 pixels, respectivamente). A densidade do proMMP-2 era baixa em S1 e S3 (130,45 e 145,20 pixels, respectivamente). Por outro lado, a densidade do proMMP-9 foi estatisticamente diferente entre S1 e S3 (89,22 vs. 415,60 pixels). ProMMP-2 e proMMP-9 estavam ausentes no S2. Assim, MMP-2 e MMP-9 exibiram comportamentos opostos, dependendo do estágio da infecção. Como a maior atividade da MMP-2 foi detectada no estágio S3, sugerimos que a MMP-2 possa ser usada como biomarcador para o diagnóstico complementar de infecção aguda por CAEV. Além disso, a presença de proMMP-13 pode ser usada para indicar infecção viral ativa. Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-30T09:01:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC-2020-Art-41.pdf: 795513 bytes, checksum: c5c55a25d61ebeb980af344e5028b757 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Goat farming in the northeastern regions of Brazil plays an important role in the socio-economic functions of the country. However, high rates of morbidity and mortality occur in the animals, caused primarily by infectious diseases like caseous lymphadenitis, which is widespread in goat herds; this causes serious economic losses to the farming business. Although events such as animal fairs are common in the region, wherein most of the goats and sheep are sold, the risk of disease transmission remains, since the health condition of the animal is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of anti-Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis antibodies present in the goats sold at the animal fair of Tabira - PE, Northeastern semi-arid. Serum samples from 233 goats were collected from the period of November 2014 to June 2015. The diagnosis of infection by C. pseudotuberculosis was made using the indirect ELISA technique. The number of goats seropositive for C. pseudotuberculosis was identified as 87 (37.34%; 95% CI = 31.38 - 43.71%). Of the nine flocks evaluated, five (55.55%) were positive. Thus, it is suggested that infection by C. pseudotuberculosis is widespread in the goats sold at the animal fairs in the semi-arid Northeastern, reinforcing the need for disease diagnosis in goat herds in the region for the possible implementation of disease control programs. [Soroprevalência da linfadenite caseosa em caprinos comercializados em feira de animais no Semiárido nordestino]. Resumo: A caprinocultura se destaca na região Nordeste do Brasil por desempenhar importante função socioeconômica. Contudo altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade ocorrem nas propriedades causadas principalmente por doenças infecciosas, destacando-se a linfadenite caseosa, que se encontra amplamente difundida nos rebanhos caprinos, acarretando sérios prejuízos econômicos à atividade. Eventos do tipo feira de animais são comuns na região, onde é comercializada grande parte da produção de caprinos e ovinos, porém existe um risco de transmissão de doenças nesses locais quando a condição sanitária dos animais é desconhecida. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a frequência de anticorpos anti -Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis em caprinos comercializados na feira de animais do município de Tabira-PE, Semiárido nordestino. Foram coletadas amostras de soro de 233 caprinos no período de novembro de 2014 a junho de 2015. O diagnóstico da infecção por C. pseudotuberculosis foi realizado pela técnica de ELISA-indireto. Foram identificados 87 (37,34%; IC 95% = 31,38 - 43,71%) caprinos soropositivos para C. pseudotuberculosis. Dos nove rebanhos avaliados, cinco (55,55%) resultaram positivos. Sugere-se que a infecção por C. pseudotuberculosis encontra-se disseminada nos caprinos comercializados em feiras de animais do Semiárido nordestino, reforçando a necessidade do diagnóstico da enfermidade em rebanhos caprinos da região para possível implementação de programas de controle da doença. Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-16T00:48:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2018Seroprevalence.pdf: 287940 bytes, checksum: 449ccb0e181867bf36f001ba043f6b35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-15

Senna series Aphyllae includes xeromorphic shrubs and subshrubs that occur in three different biogeographic subregions in arid and semi-arid habitats of southern South America. The series provides a good opportunity to understand better the relationship among geographical, climatic, and morphological variation in different taxa. Moreover, in this group the specific and varietal delimitation is still problematic due to the high morphological variation within and among taxa. Statistical analyses of climatic and morphological data and geographical distribution were used to understand the patterns of morphological variation among 394 individuals and to clarify the taxonomic delimitation of entities that belong to series Aphyllae. Senna acanthoclada and S. nudicaulis were segregated from each other and from the remaining taxa; the three recognized varieties of the S. aphylla complex were delimited; S. spiniflora was well-delimited and S. crassiramea and S. rigidicaulis were overlapping; S. pachyrrhiza was not differentiated from S. aphylla. Ecological niche modelling showed several areas of contact and a large overlap of suitable conditions for several species. The results of this work revealed that most morphological variability is associated with different environmental conditions. This phenotypic plasticity may be caused by the presence of different environments with climatic factors in the South American Transition Zone, Chaco, and northern region of Central Patagonia province. Fil: Robbiati, Federico Omar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Salta-Jujuy. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Amarilla, Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Anton, Ana Maria Ramona. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Fortunato, Renee Hersilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina

Deforestation of Chacoan native forests and reorientation of land use are transforming the region into agricultural use. The main purpose of this work was to evaluate the impact of different land uses on soil quality in the semi-arid Chaco (Argentina). We assessed the behaviour of soil parameters over four years of experimental conditions: 1) Exclosure pasture (EP) used as reference level, 2) Grazed pasture (GP), 3) Grazed pasture transformed to agriculture with Zero tillage (ZT) and 4) Grazed pasture transformed to agriculture under Conventional tillage (CT). Soil organic carbon, particulate and heavy organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), C:N ratio, pH, electric conductivity and soil respiration were measured. Soil samples were taken yearly at 0-5, 5-20 and 20-40 cm of soil depth. Differences among treatments across time were assessed by Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with time (years) as covariate factor, treatments as group factor and individual scores from Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as responses. Correlated changes in the soil characteristics were detected, especially at the top soil layer. Both carbon and nitrogen contents increased in both GP and ZT systems. An opposite trend was found for CT, which also had a negative impact on salinity. Both land use change and management practices in the Chaco region represent the main human activities that modify the landscape; thus, they should be analysed by recognizing heterogeneity on farming practices and identifying their impacts on a specific site. The results of this work reinforce the utility of soil organic carbon as a single parameter for monitoring land management systems, especially for monitoring large region like Chaco that are subject to continuous transformation processes. La deforestación del bosque nativo chaqueño y la reorientación del uso del suelo están en camino de transformar la región hacia uso agrícola. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el impacto de diferentes prácticas de uso sobre la calidad del suelo en el Chaco semiárido (Argentina). Estudiamos el comportamiento de parámetros edáficos a lo largo de cuatro años de condiciones experimentales: 1) Clausura (EP) usada como nivel de referencia, 2) Ganadería pastoril (GP), 3) Agricultura vía siembra directa (ZT) y 4) Agricultura vía labranza convencional (CT). Se midieron los parámetros de carbono orgánico del suelo, carbono orgánico (C) particulado y pesado, nitrógeno total (N), C:N ratio, pH, conductividad eléctrica y respiración del suelo. Las muestras fueron tomadas anualmente a 0-5, 5-20 y 20-40 cm de profundidad de suelo. Las diferencias entre tratamientos a lo largo del tiempo fueron evaluadas por un Análisis de Covarianza (ANCOVA) con el tiempo (años) como covariable, los tratamientos como factor grupal y los valores de los componentes resultantes del Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA) como respuestas. Se detectaron cambios correlacionados con las características del suelo, especialmente en la capa superficial del suelo. Los contenidos de nutrientes incrementaron en los sistemas GP y ZT. Una tendencia opuesta fue detectada para CT donde, además, hubo un impacto negativo sobre la salinidad. Tanto el cambio en el uso del suelo como en las prácticas de manejo dentro de la región del Chaco representan las principales actividades humanas que modifican el paisaje; de esta forma, estas deberían ser analizadas reconociendo la heterogeneidad en las prácticas de producción e identificando sus impactos en sitios específicos. Los resultados de este trabajo refuerzan la utilidad del carbono orgánico del suelo como parámetro individual para monitorear sistemas de manejo de la tierra, especialmente regiones extensas como Chaco que están sujetas a continuos procesos de transformación. A desflorestação da mata nativa do Chaco e a reorientação do uso do solo estão a transformar a região no sentido do seu uso agrícola. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o impacto de diferentes práticas de uso na qualidade do solo no Chaco semi-árido. Foi estudado o comportamento, ao longo de quatro anos, dos parâmetros edáficos em condições experimentais: 1) Pastagem de exclusão (PE) utilizada como nível de referência, 2) Pastagem Ativa (GP), 3) Pastagem transformada em agricultura com sementeira direta (ZT) e 4) Pastagem transformada em agricultura sob preparação convencional (CT). Determinou-se no solo o carbono orgânico, o carbono orgânico particulado e pesado (C), o nitrogénio total (N), a relação C:N, pH, condutividade elétrica e a respiração do solo. As amostras de solo foram colhidas anualmente a 0-5, 5-20 e 20-40 cm de profundidade. As diferenças entre tratamentos ao longo do tempo foram avaliadas por Análise de Covariância (ANCOVA) com o tempo (anos) como uma covariável, os tratamentos como fator de grupo e os valores dos componentes resultantes de Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) como respostas. Foram detetadas alterações correlacionadas com as características do solo, principalmente na sua camada superficial. As concentrações em carbono e nitrogénio aumentaram nos sistemas GP e ZT. Uma tendência oposta foi observada para o sistema TC, onde, além disso, houve um impacto negativo na salinidade. A mudança no uso da terra e as práticas de gestão na região do Chaco representam as principais atividades humanas que modificam a paisagem. Deste modo, estas deveriam ser analisadas reconhecendo a heterogeneidade das práticas de produção e identificando os seus impactos em locais específicos. Os resultados deste trabalho reforçam a utilidade do carbono orgânico do solo como um parâmetro individual para monitorizar os sistemas de gestão da terra, especialmente em regiões de grande dimensão como a região de Chaco que estão sujeitas a processos contínuos de transformação. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido Fil: Banegas, Natalia Romina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentina Fil: Maza, Marianela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Viruel, Emilce. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; Argentina. Fil: Nasca, Jose Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; Argentina. Fil: Canteros, Francisco H. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentina Fil: Corbella, Roberto. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentina Fil: Dos Santos, Daniel Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Tucuman. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina

The Saanen goat breed has been widely explored in breeding programmes; however, there are few reports about the breed?s genetic and molecular composition. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the proteomic profile of spermatozoa from Saanen breeding goats. Five breeding animals with proven fertility were selected, the spermatozoa were collected, and the protein was extracted. Subsequently, the proteins were separated and analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry; the proteins were then identified with the SwissProt database. A total of 31 proteins involved in reproduction were identified, including binding proteins on spermatozoa for fusion with the egg, acrosomal membrane proteins, metabolic enzymes, heat shock proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and spermatozoa motility proteins. The characterization of such proteins clarifies the molecular mechanisms of spermatogenesis and the modifications that ensure the success of fertilization. Made available in DSpace on 2020-02-12T18:09:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2019Evaluationof.pdf: 2203394 bytes, checksum: 1d14683dd976b406b9912ed5cbf836cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Goat farming is a very important activity contributing to the social and economic development of northeastern (NE) Brazil. The objective of the present study was to characterize the goat farming production system in five of the nine states that constitute the Brazilian NE (Ceará, Paraíba, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe). Research was carried out in 230 rural properties located in 62 municipalities of the NE of Brazil, in regions exhibiting a productive arrangement and significant goat population density. An epidemiological questionnaire seeking information on economic, productive, and social aspects of owners/properties was supplied to all properties. The results described the goat farming system in the Brazilian NE as family and subsistence, directed towards domestic consumption and local commerce, and exhibiting a low technological level. The farmers? education level, investments, and technical assistance were all considered low, and thus insufficient or inadequate for a full development of the activity in the region. Therefore, such aspects are suggested to be taken into account in the planning of future goat farming development policies?particularly financing and technical assistance, better preparation of farmers, administrative aspects, forage production and conservation, and the implementation of actions towards reproductive and frequent disease control. [Caracterização dos sistemas de produção de caprinos de cinco Estados no Nordeste]. Resumo: A criação de caprinos é uma atividade de grande importância para o Nordeste (NE), contribuindo para o desenvolvimento econômico e social da região. Diante disso, objetivou-se caracterizar o sistema produtivo da caprinocultura em cinco dos nove Estados que compõem o NE brasileiro (Ceará; Paraíba; Piauí; Rio Grande do Norte; Sergipe). A pesquisa foi realizada na região NE do Brasil, em 230 propriedades rurais de 62 municípios oriundos de regiões com arranjo produtivo e densidade populacional significativa de rebanhos caprinos. Nas propriedades foi aplicado questionário epidemiológico, buscando informações sobre aspectos econômicos, produtivos e sociais dos proprietários/propriedades. Os resultados obtidos classificaram o sistema de produção de caprinos no NE brasileiro como familiar e de subsistência, para consumo doméstico e comércio local, com baixo nível de tecnificação. O nível de escolaridade dos criadores foi considerado baixo, bem como dos investimentos e assistência técnica realizadas, insuficientes ou inadequados para o desenvolvimento pleno da atividade na região. Dessa forma, sugere-se que tais aspectos sejam levados em consideração quanto ao planejamento de futuras políticas de desenvolvimento para a caprinocultura, especialmente quando relacionados a financiamento e assistência técnica, no melhor preparo dos criadores, nos aspectos administrativos, de produção e conservação de forragens e na implementação de ações no controle reprodutivo e das doenças mais frequentes. Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-18T18:08:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cnpc2019Characterization.pdf: 737229 bytes, checksum: 89d7f2c49fe4b8d00c43ae7715c151e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Resumo: A eficiência produtiva das fêmeas ovinas é um importante indicador de produtividade. Esta pode ser mensurada pela quantidade de cordeiros que as fêmeas produzem a cada estação reprodutiva. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência produtiva de ovelhas da raça Morada Nova ao verificar o efeito da prolificidade sobre os pesos totais de crias ao nascimento e desmama por matriz e as taxas de sobrevivência das crias nestes mesmos períodos. Os dados utilizados neste estudo foram coletados em 13 rebanhos de ovinos da raça Morada Nova, localizados em diferentes municípios do estado do Ceará, entre os anos de 2004 e 2018. As características estudadas foram peso totais ao nasciment (PTCN) e desmama (PTCD), e taxas de sobrevivência ao nascimento (TXN) e desmama (TXD). Os pesos foram ajustados segundo os efeitos de rebanho, ano de nascimento, mês da pesagem, manejo da cria, ordem de parto da mãe, sexo da cria e classe de grupo de crias no mesmo parto ou interação do sexo das crias com o tipo de parto e utilizado o peso da matriz como covariável. Posteriormente, análises de regressão considerando: o tipo de parto como classe, e o tipo de parto como covariável. Houve diferença entre as médias para todas as características estudadas em relação ao tipo de parto. As fêmeas que apresentaram partos simples mostraram menores valores para as características PTCN e PTCD e maiores valores para as caratecrísticas de TXN e TXD. O uso do número de crias ao parto como covariável permitiu observar que com o aumento de uma cria por parto há um aumento 0,93 kg de cordeiros ao nascimento e 2,49 kg ao desmame, contudo, há uma redução de 6% na taxa de sobrevivência ao nascer e 17% ao desmame dos cordeiros. As fêmeas que tiveram partos múltiplos se mostraram mais eficientes em termos de produtividade, quando comparadas às fêmeas de partos simples, por produzir maior quantidade de quilogramas de cordeiro ao desmame. Abstract: The productive production of mothers is an important indicator of productivity. This can be measured by the number of lambs that are part of a reproductive seal. The present test was to evaluate and produce the ewes of the breed and the effect of the prolificity on the weights of the breeding and the development of the matrix and the growth rates of the creatures in the same fields. The data were only in the herds of sheep on skating Morada Nova, in town states for the state of Ceará, between years and 2004 and 2018. survival at birth (TXN) and weaning (TXD). Weights were created by herd, year of birth, month of weigh, month of weighing, brood management, mother's lambing, lamb sex and lamb group class in the same lambing or sex interaction of lambs. with the type of birth and used the weight of the ewes as a covariate. Subsequently, regression analyzes considering: type of delivery as class and type of delivery as covariate. The difference between the means for all characteristics studied in relation to the type of birth. The ones that are most important for the smallest PTCN and PTCD and highest values for the characteristics of TXN and TXD. The use of the number of lambing covariates can be observed with an increasing amount of growth of 0.93 kg of lambs at birth and 2.49 kg at weaning, but there is a 6% reduction in the rate. survival at birth and 17% weaning of lambs. The most frequent materials are lower in terms of productivity when compared to parts of a single because they produce more kilograms of lamb at weaning. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-03T18:18:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2019UPA12.pdf: 1555436 bytes, checksum: c52791731dcd7dba33edb45b1b93a2cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia. Área de concentração: Nutrição Animal) - Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Sobral. Orientadora: Aline Vieira Landim; Coorientador: Kleibe de Moraes Silva (CNPC).

The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil, to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizers with different solubilities on the cultivation of sorghum in a Luvisol. The experimental design comprised randomized blocks in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme (two genotypes and five phosphorus treatments plus the control, without phosphorus). The treatments were: monoammonium phosphate, triple superphosphate, sheep manure, organic compost based on livestock residues, and organomineral fertilizer. Three blocks were used, and each plot comprised composed of a pot containing two plants. Sixty-five days after germination, the plants were harvested for evaluation of biometric data, biomass, accumulation of nutrients in the aerial part, soil fertility, agronomic efficiency index of the phosphate fertilizers and triple superphosphate equivalent. The organomineral and triple superphosphate fertilizers had the highest agronomic efficiency for production of sorghum biomass. The more soluble sources (organomineral, triple superphosphate and monoammonium phosphate) enabled a better phosphorus recovery rate and physiological efficiency than the sources with low solubility. Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-09T18:09:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AgronomicEfficiencySorghumJASv11n172019.pdf: 172330 bytes, checksum: ed562031f6ef8e86f1ecac4ec5c7b0e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Resumo: A sazonalidade da produção de forragem em regiões semiáridas consiste num dos principais entraves à produção de ruminantes a pasto. A utilização de plantas forrageiras tolerantes à restrição hídrica, que reduza a sazonalidade na produção de forragem, consiste em estratégia factível para viabilizar a pecuária a pasto nessas regiões. Objetivou-se avaliar as trocas gasosas, os índices de crescimento e a composição morfológica e botânica de dois híbridos de sorgo para pastejo submetidos a duas frequências de pastejo com ovinos. Adotou-se um arranjo fatorial 2x2 num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação entre dois híbridos de sorgo para pastejo (?Sorghum bicolor x S. sudanense?) e duas frequências de pastejo (60 e 80 cm de altura pré-pastejo), com ovinos da raça Morada Nova, manejados sob lotação rotativa. Para o ensaio de trocas gasosas constatou-se interação para os fatores estudados (P0,05) para os fatores estudados. Para o ensaio da análise de crescimento, obteve-se ajuste dos modelos testado para o efeito da idade de crescimento durante o período de descanso. O índice de área foliar, razão de peso foliar, taxa de assimilação líquida e taxa de crescimento relativo apresentaram comportamento linear. A razão de área foliar foi minimizada aos 11,45 dias para o BRx60 e maximizada aos 19,83 dias para o BRx80, não revelando significância para CMx60 (0,0407 ± 0,01) e CMx80 (0,0248 ± 0,09). Para a composição morfológica do dossel, observou-se maior percentual de lâminas foliares na camada superior a 31 cm para a combinação CMx60. Houve aumento no percentual de colmo e material morto, e na ocorrência de plantas daninhas a partir de 31 cm de altura, para as combinações BRx80 e CMx80. A combinação BRx60 apresentou maior eficiência fotossintética e a combinação CMx60 maior eficiência de crescimento. O manejo com 60 cm de altura pré-pastejo proporcionou maior percentual de lâminas foliares verdes ao longo do perfil do dossel. Abstract: The seasonality of forage production in semi-arid regions is one of the main barriers to grass-fed ruminant production. The use of forage plants tolerant to water restriction, that reduces the seasonality in forage production, is a feasible strategy to enable pasture farming in these regions. The objective in this study was to evaluate the gas exchange, growth rates and morphological and botanical composition of two sorghum hybrids submitted to two grazing frequencies using sheep. A 2x2 factorial arrangement was adopted in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of the combination of two sorghum hybrids (?Sorghum bicolor x S. sudanense?) and two grazing frequencies (60 and 80 cm of height pre-grazing), using Morada Nova sheep, managed under rotational stocking. For the gas exchange trial, interaction was observed between the factors studied (P0.05) for the factors studied. For the growth analysis trial, the adjustment of the tested models was obtained for the effect of growth age during the rest period. Leaf area index, leaf weight ratio, net assimilation rate and relative growth rate showed linear behavior. The leaf area ratio was minimized at 11.45 days for BR60 and maximized at 19.83 days for BR80, showing no statistical significance for CM60 (0.0407 ± 0.01) and CM80 (0.0248 ± 0.09). For the morphological composition of the canopy, a greater percentage of leaf blades was observed in the upper layer at 31 cm for the CM60 combination. There was an increase in the percentage of stem and dead material, and in the occurrence of weeds from 31 cm in height, for the combinations BR80 and CM80. The BRx60 combination showed higher photosynthetic efficiency and the CMx60 combination had higher growth efficiency. The management with 60 cm of pre-grazing height favored a greater proportion of green leaf blades along the canopy profile. Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-08T00:35:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2019UPA1.pdf: 2742456 bytes, checksum: 8362df50bded4576fb6b93a47cba55c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-03-07 Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia. Área de concentração: Nutrição Animal e Forragicultura) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza. Orientador: Magno José Duarte Cândido; Coorientador: Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu (CNPC).

El libro presenta una descripción de las principales especies de malezas que puede encontrarse en la región. Cada especie primero es identificada según la nomenclatura botánica actualizada, para luego ser descripta morfológicamente a partir de caracteres vegetativos y reproductivos externos. Las descripciones son acompañadas con fotografías de las especies, lo que constituye una ayuda para su identificación en el campo. La caracterización de las especies se completa con información adicional, tanto sobre atributos ecológicos básicos como acerca de los métodos de control específicos más efectivos. El libro también contiene un glosario con definiciones de la terminología botánica utilizada en la descripción de las especies. Como resultado, este libro constituye una herramienta útil y accesible a un público amplio y diverso, que incluye tanto técnicos, asesores y productores agropecuarios, como estudiantes de agronomía y de escuelas agrotécnicas. EEA San Luis Fil: Arroyo, Daniel Nicolas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Luis; Argentina Fil: Garay, Jorge Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Luis; Argentina Fil: Demaria, Manuel Rodolfo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Luis; Argentina Fil: Rauber, Ruth Bibiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Luis; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Resumo: O desempenho de ovelhas, a produção e a composição do leite podem ser influenciados conforme nível de suplementação oferecida na fase gestacional e isso implica no desempenho de seus cordeiros. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da nutrição materna sobre o desempenho de ovelhas Morada Nova e seus cordeiros em sistema semiextensivo na Caatinga. Foram utilizadas 36 ovelhas Morada Nova distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos, correspondentes à quantidade oferecida de concentrado em diferentes períodos da gestação: S1 ? 200 g dia-1 somente nos 2/3 iniciais de gestação; S2 - 200 g dia-1 ao longo de toda a gestação; S3 ? 350 g dia-1somente nos 2/3 iniciais de gestação; S4 ? 350 g dia-1ao longo de toda a gestação. Foram avaliados a seleção de nutrientes da forragem de acordo com nível de suplementação, consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes pelas ovelhas nos períodos de terço final da gestação, lactação e desmame, bem como a produção e composição do leite e o desempenho dos cordeiros até o desmame. Os nutrientes selecionados na caatinga foram influenciados pela suplementação ao longo dos períodos avaliados (P

Resumo: Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar a disponibilidade, qualidade da forragem selecionada, comportamento, desempenho, consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes por ovelhas, em vegetação nativa da Caatinga, recebendo diferentes quantidades de concentrado (0; 200; 350 e 500 g de concentrado por dia) em diferentes períodos do ano (águas, transição água-seca e seca). O experimento foi realizado de fevereiro do de 2015 a agosto de 2017 e foi conduzido na Fazenda Lagoa Seca, em Cariré, Ceará. Foram utilizadas 40 fêmeas multíparas sem padrão racial definido (SPRD) com peso médio de 34,84±1,75 que tiveram à disposição quatro piquetes de áreas de Caatinga. Os tratamentos foram os três períodos fisiológicos das fêmeas (terço final de gestação; início de lactação e desmame das ovelhas), que coincidirão com a período chuvoso, transição chuvoso-seco e seco (março, maio e agosto) e os níveis crescentes de fornecimento de concentrado (0, 200, 350 e 500 g/animal-1/dia-1, respectivamente). Para verificar a existência de diferenças na composição das plantas selecionadas pelas ovelhas, foi realizada análise multivariada por meio da análise de componentes principais. O delineamento adotado para o comportamento, consumo e digestibilidade foi o inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas os tratamentos (0, 200, 350 e 500 g cab-1 dia-1), e nas subparcelas, os três períodos do ano (chuvoso, transição chuvoso-seco e seco), para os dados relativos ao desempenho das ovelhas e dos cordeiros, foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Não foi observado efeito da suplementação e nem efeito de interação (p>0,05) entre a suplementação e os períodos do ano para a composição química da forragem selecionada pelas ovelhas. O período do ano foi o fator que mais influenciou na composição química da dieta das ovelhas. Baseado na composição química, principalmente dos teores proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e ácido (FDA), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) e digestibilidade in vitro (DIVMS), as ovelhas selecionaram dieta de melhor qualidade no período chuvoso do ano. As ovelhas selecionaram no total 22 espécies de plantas diferentes, sendo que tiveram preferência em selecionar 12 espécies diferentes. Ao se agrupar todas as espécies foi observado que a composição química, o fracionamento dos carboidratos, compostos nitrogenados e disponibilidade energética variou conforme o estrato pastejado, período do ano e família das plantas pastejadas. As plantas dicotiledôneas no período chuvoso promoveram maior aporte energético para a dieta selecionada pelas ovelhas. Por meio da análise dos componentes principais verificou-se que, com base na composição química das plantas preferencialmente selecionadas, foi possível formar grupos homogêneos e que as principais variáveis que influenciaram foram FDA, FDN e PB e as frações A+B1 e C dos carboidratos e C dos compostos nitrogenados, sendo essas variáveis apresentam os maiores escores para qualificar as plantas selecionadas por ovelhas na Caatinga. Foram observadas interações entre as quantidades de concentrado fornecida e os períodos produtivos para o consumo de matéria seca, consumo de matéria orgânica (CMO), proteína bruta (CPB), fibra em detergente neutro (CFDN), fibra em detergente ácido (CFDA), nutrientes digestíveis totais (CNDT), o maior nível de suplementação (500 g cab-1 dia-1) no período chuvoso proporcionou maiores consumos e foi observado efeito linear ascendente da suplementação para os consumos de CMS, CMO, CPB, CFDN, CFDA, CNDT . Não foi observada interação para o consumo de carboidratos não fibrosos (CCNF), consumo de proteína digestível (CPDig) e consumo de energia metabolizável (CEM), sendo que o consumo de CNF sofreu efeito linear ascendente da suplementação em todos os períodos do ano. Não foram observadas interações entre as quantidades de concentrado fornecida e os períodos produtivos para a digestibilidade da MS, PB, FDN e FDA. A digestibilidade da MS, MO e PB foram superiores quando os animais receberam o maior nível de concentrado. A digestibilidade da MS, PB, FDN e FDA foram superiores no período da gestação (chuvoso). A suplementação melhorou o desempenho das ovelhas, mas não teve efeito sobre o desempenho das ovelhas e cordeiros. Não foi observado efeito de interação entre a suplementação das ovelhas e os períodos produtivos para o comportamento e gasto energético das ovelhas em período produtivo. O período do ano em associação com o estágio fisiológico foi o fator que mais influenciou o comportamento das ovelhas. As ovelhas passaram mais tempo em pastejo e ócio no período da gestação (chuvoso). E percorreram maiores distâncias, gastando mais tempo com deslocamento e consequentemente mais energia no período do desmame (seco). A suplementação aumento o tempo de ócio das ovelhas. O estágio fisiológico das ovelhas em associação com o período do ano modifica a seleção dos nutrientes do pasto, o comportamento das ovelhas, o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes de nutrientes. A suplementação proporcionou maior consumo de nutrientes no período chuvoso e terço-final de gestação no chuvoso e melhorou a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, mas teve pouco efeito sobre o desempenho das ovelhas e das crias, apesar da notável melhor recuperação pós-parto nos animais que receberam mais suplemento. Abstract; The effect of concentrate supplementation on nutrient intake and digestibility, performance and grazing behavior of ewes in Caatinga native vegetation and the availability and quality of forage selected by the animals was evaluated. The experiment was carried out from February/2015 to August/2017, at Fazenda Lagoa Seca, in Cariré, Ceará. Forty multiparous ewes without defined racial pattern (SPRD), with average live weight 34.84 ± 1.75, with access to four paddocks in Caatinga area were used. The treatments consisted of the supply of 200; 350 and 500 g/animal-1/day-1 in relation to non-supplementation, associated with three periods of the year (rainy, rainy-dry and dry transition in March, May and August, respectively) and the three production phases. ewes (final third of gestation; early lactation and weaning of lambs). Multivariate analysis was adopted by principal component analysis to evaluate the composition of the plants selected by the sheep. In order to evaluate the intake and digestibility and the grazing behavior, a completely randomized design with repeated measures in time was adopted, with the plots supplementation levels and subplots the periods of the year for the data regarding the performance of sheep and lambs. The concentrate supplementation did not influence the chemical composition of the selected forage, the grazing behavior and the energy expenditure of the ewes in the productive period, regardless of the production phase. The period of the year was the factor that most influenced the chemical composition of the sheep diet. Based on chemical composition, mainly crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid (ADF), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and total digestible nutrients (NDT), the sheep selected the best diet. quality in the rainy season of the year. The sheep selected a total of 22 (twenty-two) plant species in the area, with a preference to select 12 species. When analyzing the grouping of species, it was found that chemical composition, carbohydrate fractions and nitrogen compounds and energy availability vary with grazed stratum, time of year and family of grazed species. In the rainy season, the dicotyledonous species provided higher energy intake in the diet selected by the sheep. When forming homogeneous groups by principal component analysis, NDF, ADF, CP and the A + B1 and C fractions of carbohydrates and C of nitrogen compounds presented higher scores to qualify the plants preferably selected by sheep in Caatinga. The supplemented sheep remained idle longer. There was interaction of the supplementation level with the production phases for nutrient consumption. In the rainy season, supplementation influenced dry matter (IDM), organic matter (ODM), crude protein (CPI), neutral detergent fiber (NDFI), total digestible nutrients (TDNI) and metabolizable energy (MEI) intake. Throughout the year, supplementation resulted in increased non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFCI) consumption. Higher digestibility of DM and OM was observed upon supplementation with the highest concentrate level (500 g/animal-1/day-1). In the rainy period of the year, there was higher (P

“Alfalfa criolla” es el nombre común que designa regionalmente a variedades de Medicago sativa naturalizadas y de origen desconocido, cultivadas en la región de Puerto Deseado, ubicada en el Noreste de la provincia de Santa Cruz. Esta especie introducida se asocia a ambientes antropizados donde la vegetación nativa ha sido removida o en ambientes húmedos como los son algunas vegas o mallines, ubicados principalmente entre cañadones. A partir de la consulta a pobladores de Puerto Deseado, Tellier, Jaramillo y Fitz Roy se logró identificar algunos sitios en donde se encuentra la especie. La recolección de semillas tuvo por objetivo dar comienzo al análisis del potencial productivo de la especie, considerando en una primera instancia la determinación del poder germinativo, y desarrollar propuestas para análisis futuros. Durante el mes de abril de 2016 se llevó adelante la colecta manual de semillas en sitios identificados como antiguos alfalfares o zonas con presencia de alfalfa criolla, buscando llevar adelante un muestreo en distintos puntos de Puerto Deseado, Tellier, Fitz Roy y zonas rurales. De esta manera se determinó la región del Golfo San Jorge, como ambiente natural, en el cual se tomaron muestras. Entre los resultados se observa que de las cuatro muestras recolectadas se observa un poder germinativo bajo con buena sanidad de plantas. Esta experiencia tiene como proyección dar comienzo a experiencias que promuevan el manejo de esta especie, y su investigación sobre la potencialidad forrajera de la alfafa criolla deseadense. EEA Santa Cruz Fil: Fasioli, Enzo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz. Agencia de Extensión Rural Puerto Deseado; Argentina. Fil: Irueta, Regina. Escuela Rural N° 51, Puerto Deseado. Santa Cruz; Argentina.

The livestock sector can be a major contributor to the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Within the sector, beef production produces the largest proportion of the livestock sector&rsquo, s direct emissions. The objective of this study was to assess the on-farm GHG emissions in semi-arid rangelands in Argentina and to identify the relationship between emissions and current farm management practices. A survey recorded detailed information on farm management and characteristics. Assessments of GHG emissions were based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 2 protocols. The relationship between farm management and GHG emissions were identified using general linear models. Cluster analysis was used to identify groups of farms that differed from others in emissions and farm characteristics. Emissions per product sold were low on farms that had improved livestock care management, rotational grazing, received technical advice, and had high animal and land productivities. Emissions per hectare of farmland were low on farms that had low stocking rates, a low number of grazing paddocks, little or no land dedicated to improved pastures and forage crops, and low land productivity. Our results suggest that the implementation of realistic, relatively easy-to-adopt farming management practices has considerable potential for mitigating the GHG emissions in the semi-arid rangelands of central Argentina.

El monitoreo de variables biofísicas de cambio lento de vegetación y suelos se hace a escalas regionales y en períodos que se cuentan en décadas. Requiere colaboración de equipos científicos, de instituciones en diversas biozonas que deben acordar métodos comunes y compartir información georreferenciada. Se presenta en este trabajo la base de datos de la red MARAS (monitores ambientales para regiones áridas y semiáridas) de 366 monitores en Patagonia argentina y chilena que se desarrolló desde 2008 e incluye sitios del Observatorio Nacional de Tierras y Desertificación. La base está disponible para desarrolladores como Software Libre, bajo la Licencia Pública General de GNU (GPL). Incluye información del establecimiento y características del paisaje. Monitoring biophysical aspects of desertification requires the description of slow changing variables at regional scales and time lapses of decades, and cooperation of scientific teams working in different institutions and biozones. Common sampling methods and storing and sharing georeferenced information is also needed. We present a data base MARAS (environmental monitors for arid and semiarid regions) that has 366 monitors in Chilean and Argentinean Patagonia region since 2008 and includes sites of the Observatorio Nacional de Tierras y Desertificación. The database was developed with open software tools and is available for the programming community with a Public General License GNU (GPL). Information for each monitor includes location and general characteristics of landscape. In each reassessment at a lapse of approximately 5 years, 7 high resolution field photographs, 500 point intercepts for biodiversity and cover, and 50-m canfield lines for patch –interpatch analysis and 11 estimations of plots of landscape function analysis and soil sample analysis including pH, conductivity, organic matter, N and texture are included. An external access to this database is under development, and it will reports of change at monitor and regional scale for producers, scientists and decision makers in order to make this information usable. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche Fil: Oliva, Gabriel Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina Fil: Osiris, Sofia. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina Fil: Dos Santos, Eder. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina Fil: Umaña, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Laboratorio de Teledetección; Argentina Fil: Massara Paletto; Virginia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Chubut; Argentina Fil: García Martinez, Guillermo Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Esquel; Argentina Fil: Gariac, German. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior Rio Negro; Argentina Fil: Fantozzi, Anabella Giselle. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina Fil: Butti, Lucas Ramiro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; Argentina Fil: Bran, Donaldo Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Laboratorio de Teledetección; Argentina Fil: Gaitán, Juan José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Investigación Suelos; Argentina Fil: Dominguez, Erwin. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; Chile