Search

Anadenanthera falcata (Benth.) Speg. pertencente à família Fabaceae, pode ser encontrada em ambientes savânicos, cerrado e cerradão do Brasil. A espécie é muito utilizada na arborização de rodovias, parques, praças e avenidas. Sua madeira pode ser utilizada para confecção de tacos, ripas, embalagens, carvão e lenha. Considerando a escassez de informações disponíveis para compreender o comportamento germinativo desta espécie, este trabalho teve como objetivo, estudar os efeitos de diferentes temperaturas e substratos na germinação de sementes desta espécie. Os testes de germinação foram conduzidos em germinadores do tipo Biochemical Oxigen Demand (B.O.D), sob as temperaturas constantes de 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35ºC, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes, distribuídas entre e sobre os substratos de vermiculita, areia, papel mata borrão e rolo de papel, em caixas plásticas do tipo gerbox (tamanho 11 x 11 x 5 cm) com tampa. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho com sementes de Anadenanthera falcata permitem concluir que, o teste padrão de germinação pode ser realizado em laboratório sob a temperatura de 30ºC, em todos os substratos testados ou nas temperaturas de 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35ºC sobre areia.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar os ácidos fenólicos em sementes de Angico-Vermelho (Piptadenia macrocarpa Benth), de Bálsamo (Myroxylon balsamum L.), de Cotieira (Joannesia princeps Vell.), de Jacarandá-Caviúna (Dalbergia nigra Vell.) e de Pinheiro-do-Paraná (Araucaria angustifolia Bert.), em função da grande importância desses compostos para o ciclo de vida das sementes e para os mecanismos biológicos das plantas superiores. Através da extração dos fenóis com etanol 80%, quantificou-se os tenéis totais nas amêndoas e nos tegumentos das sementes, a partir da utilização de uma equação gerada pelo ajustamento de uma curva padrão. Os resultados observados demonstraram a existência de sensíveis diferenças entre as quantidades de constituintes fenólicos nas amêndoas e nos tegumentos das sementes das espécies florestais estudadas, sendo observados valores médios variando de 0,009 a 0,495 miligrama de equivalentes catecol. grama-1 de peso seco para as amêndoas e de 0,036 a 1,826 miligrama de equivalentes catecol. grama-1 de peso seco para os tegumentos.

Thermal treatment is frequently used to overcome dormancy in forest seeds; however, it can also be used to control seed-born pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of thermotherapy in controlling Fusarium sp. in angico seeds [Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan] collected in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, and its effect on physiological quality. Nine seed sources located in the municipalities of São João do Cariri - PB, Boa Vista - PB, and Sumé - PB were selected for this study. For the sanitary test, the treatments were composed of untreated seeds (control), chemical treatment, and thermal treatment at temperatures of 50, 60, and 70 °C immersed for 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes. The same treatments were used in the germination test, and the percentage of germination, first count, dead seeds, seedling length, and germination speed index were evaluated. The results showed that the thermal treatments effectively reduced Fusarium sp. in the seeds. Thermotherapy did not negatively affect the physiological quality of angico seeds and led to an increase in germination percentage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The success of seed production and marketing depends on ideal conditions for storage. Some forest species have seed conservation problems due to the high incidence of fungi that reduce physiological quality. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of bioactive compounds in diaspores of Astronium urundeuva (M.Allemão) Engl. (Anacardiaceae) to maintain physiological quality and reduce the incidence of fungi during storage. For this, two factorial trials were set up: (i) application of four essential oils (cinnamon, clove, orange and melaleuca) at five concentrations (0.00, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75 and 5.0 mL.kg-1); and (ii) five plant extracts (clove, cinnamon, quina, garlic and lemongrass) at five concentrations (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). Diaspores were evaluated at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days for germination, seed vigor and fungal incidence. The essential oils of clove (4.6 mL.kg-1) and melaleuca (3.7 mL.kg-1) and plant extracts of clove (71%) and lemongrass (73%) can be applied to maintain physiological quality and reduce the incidence of fungi during the storage of A. urundeuva diaspores. In addition to these, the essential oils of cinnamon (3.8 mL.kg-1) and orange (4.0 mL.kg-1) and plant extracts of cinnamon (72%) and quina (74%) can be used as an alternative to synthetic fungicide. Therefore, the application of products based on natural bioactive compounds is an alternative to the use of chemicals in sanitary control during the storage of A. urundeuva seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A Bauhinia forficata (pata-de-vaca) pertence à família Fabaceae. É uma espécie nativa da Mata Atlântica de grande valor ecológico e econômico, com potencial para recomposição de áreas degradadas. O presente trabalho estudou a incidência, transmissão e patogenicidade de fungos associados a sementes de pata-de-vaca de distintas procedências. Para isso, utilizaram-se quatro amostras de sementes, com as quais realizaram-se testes de germinação, sanidade (blotter test), transmissão; e patogenicidade de Fusarium sp. A germinação das sementes de pata-de-vaca variou de 4 a 76%. Os gêneros fúngicos identificados foram: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium e Fusarium. Sendo que Fusarium sp. foi detectado em todas as amostras e verificada sua transmissão via sementes para plântulas, causando má formação do sistema radicular e dos cotilédones; tombamento de pré e pós-emergência. Sua patogenicidade foi confirmada.

This study was carried out at the Vale Natural Reserve in Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil, with the objective of testing the use of direct seeding as a forest restoration method in Tabuleiro Forest (also called Tableland Forest outside of Brazil) 16 years after its implantation. Three different treatments were evaluated in which 29 native species with different area preparations were used, namely: Total manual mowing + residue burning + herbicide (T1); Total manual mowing + residue burning (T2); and Total manual mowing (T3). Each treatment had an area of 100m² (10x10m) and an interval between plots of 2 m. The survival of the individuals implanted in the direct seeding was evaluated, as well as the natural regeneration of the new individuals with Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) = 15 cm. As a result, after 16 years we can see the presence of 16 species and 106 individuals, as well as a Shannon's diversity index of (H') = 1.917 and Pielou's index (P) = 0.691, demonstrating a low floristic diversity in the area. The species which stood out the most (most individuals) were: Joannesia princeps Vell. L.C.; Spondias venulosa (Engl.) Engl.; and Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. As a suggestion, it is recommended to use direct seeding in a complementary manner to other restoration techniques, and there should be monitoring of the area in order to assess the evolution of the process and the need for any interventions to assertively assist the entire process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência Agronômica is the property of Revista Ciencia Agronomica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The direct seeds sowing reduces the costs of implanting of forest stand, but it is necessary to study the ideal sowing depth, since this factor can affect the emergence and initial growth of the seedlings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different sowing depths on emergence, survival, and initial growth of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum in the field conditions. A randomized block design was adopted, with five treatments and five replications, of 20 seeds each. The treatments were different depth, as follows: 5 cm (T1), 10 cm (T2), 15 cm (T3), and 20 cm (T4). Were evaluated the percentage of emergence, average time and emergence speed index, collar diameter, number of leaves, aerial part height, degree of slenderness and survival rate of seedling at 120 days after sowing. The results showed that emergence started two days after sowing, stabilizing on the 13th day. The depths of 5, 10, and 15 cm showed satisfactory results in terms of emergence percentage, survival rate and initial growth. The sowing depth of 10 cm was the best results for the variables studied. The best result for the average time and emergence speed index were obtained at depth of 5 cm. Direct sowing of S. parahyba is a viable method to be implemented by small and medium farmers, aiming to reduce costs by eliminating the nursery phase. The ideal seeding depth for the emergence, survival and initial growth of S. parahyba is at a depth of 10 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considerando as estratégias de recuperação de áreas degradadas e a necessidade de estudos relacionados à tecnologia de produção vegetal, objetivou-se com a pesquisa avaliar a influência dos diferentes tempos de imersão em água na emergência e vigor das plântulas de Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook.f. ex S.Moore. As sementes foram submetidas a 11 tratamentos: Testemunha (T1), períodos de imersão em água por 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54 e 60 h (T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10 e T11, respectivamente). Utilizaram-se quatro repetições de 25 sementes em cada tratamento. Trinta dias após a semeadura, foram analisados: comprimento de plântula, diâmetro, massa fresca e massa seca. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e a comparação entre as médias foi realizada pelo teste de Tukey. Nas Embebições 60 h (T11)e 42 h (T8) a emergência das plântulas iniciou-se no quarto e quinto dias após o plantio, respectivamente. Entretanto, não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos utilizados para Emergência (%) e Índice de Velocidade de Emergência (IVE) 30 dias após a semeadura. A maior média de comprimento de plântula ocorreu na Embebição 48 h (T9) com 18,5 cm. Para o diâmetro, a Embebição 6 h (T2) proporcionou o maior quantitativo (2,34 mm), seguido pela Testemunha (T1) com 2,28 mm. A maior média de massa fresca ocorreu na Embebição 36 h (T7) com 1,2786 g, enquanto que a Embebição 48 h (T9) e Embebição 42 h (T8) expressaram maiores valores de massa seca com 0,3678 e 0,3675 g, respectivamente. Portanto, observou-se que os diferentes tempos de imersão das sementes de T. aurea em água produziram plântulas mais vigorosas no que se refere aos parâmetros de comprimento de plântula, diâmetro, massa fresca e massa seca. Entretanto, não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos utilizados para porcentagem de Emergência e IVE ao final do experimento.

A formação de mudas florestais de qualidade tem relação direta com os substratos que serão utilizados. A germinação de sementes e a formação do sistema radicular e da parte aérea estão associadas a características particulares de cada substrato. Sendo assim, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes substratos na formação de mudas de ipê-branco e ipê-amarelo. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com os tratamentos distribuídos em arranjo fatorial 2 x 5 (2 espécies e 5 substratos), com 4 repetições. Para compor os substratos, foram utilizados os seguintes componentes: casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC), casca de arroz in natura autoclavada por um período de duas horas a 120 °C (CA), substrato comercial Bioflora (SC), areia lavada (AL) e esterco bovino (EB). O estudo foi disposto em cinco tratamentos: tratamento 1 – CAC, tratamento 2 – CA, tratamento 3 – SC, tratamento 4 – AL e tratamento 5 – EB. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características morfológicas: Diâmetro do coleto, Altura das plântulas e o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD) das plântulas, sendo este obtido por meio das variáveis: peso da matéria seca total (PMST), peso da matéria seca da parte aérea (PMSPA), peso da matéria seca da raiz (PMSR), H e DC. A velocidade de emergência e o índice de porcentagem de emergência foi inferior para ambas as espécies no tratamento, contendo 100% de casca de arroz in natura. O substrato comercial Bioflora permitiu o bom desempenho na emergência das duas espécies em análise, obtendo resultados satisfatórios quanto ao índice de porcentagem de emergência e uma maior velocidade de emergência entre os tratamentos. O substrato esterco bovino obteve resultados superiores no desenvolvimento inicial tanto para Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl) S.O.Grose como para o Handroanthus roseo-albus (Ridl.) Mattos.

Seed pathology is an area of study that began in the last century and has been developing since then, with increasing contribution especially to agricultural production systems. However, in the environmental area, studies began much later, but showed equal importance, especially for plant restoration and germplasm conservation programs. In this review, information about the knowledge on the pathology of seeds of non-domesticated species from tropical ecosystems is presented and the benefits and gaps of these studies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric plasma application technology consists of a fast and practical method, which has the potential to modify the surface of seeds with integumentary hardness. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of applying atmospheric cold plasma on Pityrocarpa moniliformis seeds, assessing its implications on the seed coat impermeability, germination and vigor. Cells were subjected to plasma for 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 minutes, using seeds without any treatment as a control. After application, the seed coat wettability, imbibition curve and electrical conductivity of the soaking solution were determined. Seeds were also subjected to the germination test, and its results were used to determine viability, median, uniformity and asymmetry of germination. Seeds subjected to plasma for 5.0 and 4.0 minutes showed the lowest apparent contact angles, 64 and 61°, respectively, characterizing greater wettability of the seed coat among the treatments tested. Higher germination was observed in the treatments with plasma application when compared to the control. Atmospheric plasma application technology has the potential to be used as an accelerator of P. moniliformis seed germination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global efforts to restore ecosystems have increased the demand for seeds of native species, both from tree-shrub and herbaceous strata. However, little is known about seed ecology or germination of many herbaceous species from the Brazilian Caatinga. Neoglaziovia variegata (caroá) is a bromeliad endemic to this biome and has great ornamental and fiber production potential. This study aimed to morphologically characterize N. variegata fruits and seeds and to evaluate its germination-related parameters. To do so, the morphometry of bunches, fruits, and seeds was investigated, and seeds were assessed for physiological quality at two maturation points and light response. The morphometric measurements showed normal distributions and a wide dispersion from the central values. Therefore, there is genetic variability among individuals of the same population. The seeds showed high germinability, and fruits had an average size of 8.5 x 9.4 cm, whose color (green or purple) did not influence their physiological quality. The seeds of N. variegata are positive photoblastic, and their germination reaches maximum values after two weeks in the presence of light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have successfully used polyethylene glycol (PEG) and/or abscisic acid (ABA) to reinduce desiccation tolerance in germinated seeds of orthodox species, improving our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this trait. In this context, treatments with PEG and ABA were tested to assess their efficiency in reducing the sensitivity to desiccation and increasing the storage period of Magnolia ovata seeds. The drying of seeds to 10% water did not significantly affect germination, nor was germination impaired in seeds that were dried and treated with ABA. However, seeds treated with PEG had lower viability. After storage, ABA-treated seeds with as low as 5% water content (WC) had higher germination rates, the treatment with 100 µM ABA providing the greatest storage capacity. No changes were observed in the activity of catalase, peroxidase, or superoxide dismutase or in the abundance of total or heat-resistance proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Trees of the Fabaceae family can produce seeds with contrasting size and germinative performance depending on the region where they were formed in the fruit. Such differences reduce the physiological quality of the seed lot. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds formed in different seminal nucleus of the fruits of Anadenanthera macrocarpa and Pityrocarpa moniliformis and their implications for the final composition of the seed lot. The biometric characterization of the fruits was performed with four quantitative descriptors (length, width, thickness, and number of seeds per fruit). Then, seeds formed in seminal nucleus of the proximal, intermediate, and distal regions of the fruit were measured (length, width, and thickness) and evaluated using germination and vigor tests (germination speed, length, and dry weight of seedlings). Seeds from these species have biometric differences depending on their origin in the fruit, in which those formed in the seminal nucleus of the intermediate region of the fruit are larger than the other ones. The origin of the seeds of A. macrocarpa and P. moniliformis formed in different seminal nucleus of the fruit do not show differences in physiological quality. Therefore, the sorting of seeds originated in different regions of the fruit does not benefit the final quality of the seed lots of these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diversitas Journal is the property of Diversitas Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Licania kunthiana, popularly known as ‘fruta-de-morcego’, is a medium-size plant found in seasonal forest areas of the Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest. The wood of the plant is used in civil construction and in the manufacture of furniture. However, the species lacks information concerning ideal conditions for germination and biometric characteristics of its seeds. In this manner, the current study aimed to investigate the germination potential, vigor (speed germination index - SGI and average germination time - AGT), initial growth (total length) and biometrics of L. kunthiana seeds. Constant (20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) and alternating (20-30 and 25-35 °C) temperatures were used, in a completely randomized design. The seeds had an average height of 1.7 cm, diameter of 1.4 cm and weight of 1.4 g, with a greater variation coefficient for length. The species shows better germination performance and formation of normal seedlings at temperatures of 25 and 30 °C, with results indicating that the vigor of the seeds can be considered high (25 °C - 2.2 SGI and 6.1 AGT; 30 °C - 1.9 SGI and 8.9 AGT). The relative frequency of germination indicated L. kunthiana seeds are not perfectly synchronized, displaying rapid germination over a short time period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A interação em florestas naturais envolve vários fatores ecológicos, desde a saúde da árvore matriz na produção de propágulos até o impedimento da germinação de determinadas espécies por meio de compostos alelopáticos. Dessa forma o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito alelopático do extrato hidroalcoólico de folhas de Caryocar brasiliense e Eugenia dysenterica na germinação de sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Foi realizado teste de germinação em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes cada, sendo os tratamentos: T1 = testemunha (água destilada); T2 = E. dysenterica na concentração de 0,75%; T3 = E. dysenterica na concentração de 1,5%; T4 = C. brasiliense na concentração de 0,75%; T5 = C. brasiliense na concentração de 1,5%. Foram avaliadas a taxa de germinação, o índice de velocidade de germinação, assim como o número de plântulas normais, anormais e mortas. Os resultados apontaram que os extratos de Cagaita nas duas concentrações e de Pequi na menor concentração influenciaram negativamente no processo germinativo. O extrato de Pequi na concentração de 1,5% foi o responsável pelo maior número de plântulas anormais. No sexto dia foi possível verificar maior diferença no índice de velocidade de germinação entre os tratamentos.

Even though the growing demand for seeds of native forest species, for both commercial and reforestation purposes, this sector still has some challenges for the large-scale production. Harvesting of these seeds frequently takes place in natural populations, areas not registered for such use, not considering sampling criteria that guarantee their genetic conservation. Due to the economic and socio-environmental importance of Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R. W. Jobson, a species native to the semiarid region of Brazil, this study aimed to select mother plants of P. moniliformis for seed production that meets the quality requirements demanded by the forest conservation and production programs. To that end, seeds from 44 trees were subjected to evaluation of physical and physiological aspects as well as of genetic diversity from mother plants and progenies by using ISSR molecular markers. There was considerable variation on the physiological quality of seeds, where 77% of P. moniliformis trees produced seeds with germination above 50%. The progeny test showed that 64.4% of the source from total variation in the loci comes from the progenies, indicating an increased difference between generations. By considering the phytosanitary aspect, yield (800 seeds/individual) and seed viability (> 50%), as well as genetic diversity (Nei genetic distance < 0.78 and progeny test), it was possible to select 27 P. moniliformis mother plants with superior characteristics for seed production. Even though physical and physiological quality are important parameters in selecting mother plants for producing seeds intended for commercialization, the access to the genetic diversity of P. moniliformis assists in selecting mother plants aiming at the recovery of degraded areas, reforestation and genetic breeding. Seed-producing mother plants of P. moniliformis can be selected based on the genetic distance between individuals and on the physiological quality of their seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna (Malvaceae) é uma espécie arbórea nativa em florestas brasileiras, indicada na recomposição de áreas degradadas e na indústria de estofados. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se verificar substratos e temperaturas favoráveis à germinação de sementes de paineira coletadas em um remanescente florestal de Brejo de Altitude na Paraíba. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, num arranjo fatorial 2 × 4, constituídos pelas combinações de duas temperaturas (25 e 30 °C) e quatro substratos (areia, vermiculita, terra e papel mata-borrão), com quatro repetições de 25 sementes cada. Foram analisadas as seguintes características: teor de água (%) das sementes, porcentagem de emergência, tempo médio de emergência, porcentagem de plântulas normais e índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE). Houve efeito significativo para a interação temperatura × substrato para todas as variáveis, exceto IVE. Os substratos vermiculita e areia sob a temperatura constante de 25 °C são recomendados para a condução de testes de germinação de sementes de Ceiba speciosa. A temperatura de 30 °C pode ser indicada quando associada ao substrato vermiculita. O substrato sobre papel mata-borrão não é indicado para a germinação de sementes dessa espécie. Sugere-se um estudo com sementes de diferentes populações dessa espécie para confirmar a influência da procedência da semente no seu desempenho germinativo quando submetidas a fatores ambientais associados, como temperaturas e substratos.

Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna (Malvaceae) is a tree species native to Brazilian forests, indicated in the restoration of degraded areas and in the upholstery industry. This work aimed to verify substrates and temperatures favorable to the germination of paineira seeds collected in a forest remnant of Altitude Brejo in Paraíba. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement, consisting of combinations of two temperatures (25 and 30 ºC) and four substrates (sand, vermiculite, earth and "mata-borrão" paper), with four replications of 25 seeds each. The following characteristics were analyzed: water content (%) of seeds, emergence percentage, average emergence time, percentage of normal seedlings and emergence speed index (ESI). There was a significant effect on the temperature × substrate interaction for all variables, except ESI. Vermiculite and sand substrates at a constant temperature of 25 °C are recommended for conducting seed germination tests of Ceiba speciosa. The temperature of 30 °C can be indicated when associated with the vermiculite substrate. The substrate on "mata-borrão" paper is not indicted for the germination of seeds of this species. A study with seeds from different populations of this species is suggested to confirm the influence of the seed's origin on its germinative performance when subjected to associated environmental factors, such as temperatures and substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simira gardneriana (Rubiaceae) is a newly discovered tree species endemic to the Caatinga. For this reason, studies aimed at propagation, seed and seedlings analysis are essential for morphology, identification, classification, and conservation. Our objective was to characterize the seeds, the morpho-physiology of germination and seedling establishment of S. gardneriana. Therefore, we performed physical, biometric, biochemical, and morphological characterization of the seeds, as well as an evaluation of the germination process and seedling establishment. Hydration of seeds was carried out by three methods (immersion in water, on a wire mesh, and between paper rolls) and at two temperatures (25 and 30 °C). Morphological characterization of the seedlings was performed on paper substrate at 30 °C for 28 days. Seeds of S. gardneriana are orthodox, amylo-lipid, have an endosperm and do not exhibit physical dormancy. Hydration and germination of the seeds can be achieved in a paper roll at 30 °C with root protrusion on the sixth day, and complete seedling formation on the 28th day after sowing. Seedlings of S. gardneriana are phanero-epigeal cotyledonous with photosynthetic cotyledons and have ability to regrow the root system. Characterization of S. gardneriana seeds, germination and seedlings contributes to its propagation and may help in subsequent taxonomic and phylogenetic studies in Rubiaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerando a constante degradação dos ecossistemas na região semiárida e a distribuição naturalmente restrita de algumas espécies, estudos voltados conservação do banco de germoplasma são essenciais para a manutenção da biodiversidade. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a germinação de sementes de Vellozia cinerascens, em diferentes ní­veis de temperatura, na presença e ausência de luminosidade. Foram elaborados dois experimentos: (1) em diferentes temperaturas (20, 30, 40 e 50í°C); (2) em temperaturas alternadas (30-15 e 40-20í°C), ambos com dois tipos de luminosidade e quatro repetições de 25 sementes por tratamento. Utilizou-se fotoperí­odo de doze horas, de forma a representar o dia e a noite em ambos experimentos. A contagem da germinação foi realizada durante 30 dias. Os parâmetros avaliados foram a porcentagem, o í­ndice de velocidade e o tempo médio de germinação. Nas temperaturas de 20 e 50í°C o percentual de germinação foi menor, tanto para a condição de luz quanto para escuro. As temperaturas 30 e 40í°C na presença de luz e alternada de 30-15í°C foram as que tiveram os maiores porcentuais de germinação, velocidade e menor tempo de germinação.

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nativa is the property of Revista Nativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sapindus saponaria L. is a species used in recovery programs of degraded areas and urban afforestation due to its ecological characteristics. The objective of this work was to determine the imbibition curve and viability of S. saponaria seeds harvested in São Cristóvão, Sergipe. For determining viability, it was used 100 seeds divided into four replications with 25 seeds each, sown on germitest paper, kept at 25ºC and photoperiod 12:12. For the imbibition curve, seed weight and water gain were evaluated every two hours for the first 24 h and every 4 huntil root protrusion. The viability assessments were performed by germination test. The seeds require 251 h of soaking in water to start the germination process and approximately 0.5 g of water for root emission. The seeds showed 63% of viability. The establishment of the soak seed soap soaking curve may serve as an aid to future studies aiming to establish pre-germinative treatments for the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this work were to characterize fruits and seeds and evaluate seed germination and seedling vigor from fifteen parent plants of Parkia gigantocarpa Ducke. The fresh weight, length, width, and thickness of fruits and seeds were determined. The germination was tested in a sand substrate, with four replications of 25 seeds per treatment (parent plants). The number of days for emergence, emergence percentage, emergence speed index, germination percentage, and seedling dry weight were evaluated. The fruits presented means for fresh weight, length, width, and thickness of 115.0 g; 621.3 mm; 60.8 mm, and 9.8 mm, respectively. The seeds presented means for fresh weight, length, width, and thickness of 1.1 g, 22.8 mm, 11.2 mm, and 7.0 mm, respectively. The emergence was fast and uniform, which occurred from the fifth to the sixth day after seeding, reaching 91% germination for the parent HB9, but not differing from the parents HB2, HB3, and HB6. The seedlings from the parents HB2, HB3, HB6, and HB9 were more vigorous due to their higher dry matter accumulation. The results found showed that, even belonging to the same species, P. gigantocarpa seeds from different parent plants present variability in biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds. The seed collected from different parent plants showed differences in germination capacity and seedling vigor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythrina velutina Willd. (Fabaceae) is a Brazilian native tree with economic, ecological and social potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate isoenzyme activity and changes in DNA integrity during germination of E. velutina at different temperatures. The seeds were placed to germinate at 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 °C, evaluating isoenzyme activity and degradation of the DNA during germination. Isoenzyme expression occurs differently for seed germination under different temperatures, with varied expression between seedlings and cotyledons. The esterase enzyme was more sensitive to express the response of the E. velutina germination seeds at different temperatures. DNA repair is more efficient during the germination of E. velutina seeds when submitted to a temperature of up to 25 °C, with damage to the genetic apparatus with an increase higher than this temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to adapt the vigor test methodology of (strong) normal intact seedlings of Amburana cearensis and evaluate efficiency in physiological classification of seed lots. The study was conducted in two stages: morphological characterization of seedlings and physiological analysis of seed lots. To do so, the following tests were carried out: (strong) normal seedlings, germination, emergence, first count, germination speed index, tetrazolium, length of strong normal seedlings, length and dry mass of seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized. The Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the results, and the correlation between the variables was analyzed by Spearman and Pearson coefficients. The seedlings of A. cearensis are semi-hypogeal phanerocotylar, with development of normal seedlings on the ninth day after sowing. The vigor test of strong normal seedlings, length of strong normal seedlings, dry matter, and tetrazolium led to physiological classification into different vigor levels. The vigor test of (strong) normal seedlings, the length of strong normal seedlings, and tetrazolium (vigor) were effective for vigor classification of A. cearensis seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O mogno (Swietenia macrophylla King) é uma Meliaceae de alto potencial econômico, encontrada nas florestas de terra firme da Amazônia brasileira, sendo uma das espécies mais exploradas no Brasil e por isso ameaçada de extinção. O estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da posição de semeadura e presença de endocarpo na emergência e crescimento inicial de plântulas de S. macrophylla. O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes, disposto em esquema fatorial 3 × 2 (posições e endocarpo). Os tratamentos consistiram em diferentes posições das sementes no substrato tendo como referência o poro germinativo: 0° – poro germinativo voltado para cima – PGC; 90° – poro germinativo voltado para o lado – PGL; 180º – poro germinativo voltado para baixo – PGB. Foram avaliados: a percentagem de emergência, tempo médio de emergência, diâmetro do coleto, número de folhas, altura da parte aérea, comprimento de raiz, massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz. As posições da semente afetam o percentual e o tempo médio de emergência de plântulas de S. macrophylla. A posição 0º proporciona maiores porcentagens de emergência e menor tempo médio de emergência. Para favorecer a emergência e crescimento inicial de plântulas de S. macrophylla, a semeadura deve ser realizada com o poro de germinação da semente voltado para cima, sem a presença do endocarpo.

Pithecellobium dulce destaca-se por apresentar potencial madeireiro e forrageiro, além de diminuir o risco de erosão do solo, aumentar a fixação de nitrogênio e possuir propriedades medicinais. A profundidade e a posição de semeadura são fatores importantes dentro do processo de germinação por garantir um desenvolvimento rápido e uniforme das plântulas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da posição e da profundidade de semeadura na emergência e no desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de P. dulce. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes, dispostos em esquema fatorial 3 × 4 (posições e profundidades de semeadura). As posições de semeadura consistiram em: hilo voltado para cima (HC), hilo de lado (HL) formando um ângulo de 90º em relação ao eixo imaginário com o substrato e hilo voltado para baixo (HB). As profundidades de semeadura foram de 1,0, 2,0, 3,0 e 4,0 cm. Após 30 dias da semeadura, avaliaram-se a percentagem de emergência de plântulas, o índice de velocidade de emergência, o comprimento da parte aérea, o comprimento da raiz, o número de folhas e a massa da matéria seca total. A semeadura de sementes de P. dulce deve ser realizada na profundidade de até 3,0 cm com o HL.

RESUMO A importância econômica do mogno ressalta a relevância da análise do vigor de suas sementes visando à formação de mudas com qualidade. O objetivo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes temperaturas e períodos de exposição do teste de envelhecimento acelerado em sementes de mogno. As variáveis analisadas foram: teor de água, emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, freqüência relativa e tempo médio de emergência após o envelhecimento acelerado [(39; 41; 43 e 45 ?C, durante zero (testemunha), 24; 48; 72 e 96 horas]. O vigor de sementes de mogno pode ser avaliado por meio do teste de envelhecimento acelerado nas temperaturas de 39 ºC/96 horas e 43 ºC por 48 ou 96 horas. A combinação 43 ºC/48 horas permite reduzir o tempo de execução das avaliações de sementes de mogno. O índice de velocidade de emergência é uma variável adequada para avaliar a influência do envelhecimento acelerado sobre sementes de mogno.

RESUMO O pereiro-vermelho é uma espécie florestal pertencente à família Rubiaceae, considerada endêmica do bioma Caatinga. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo definir o tipo de substrato e a temperatura mais adequados para a germinação de sementes de pereiro-vermelho (Simira gardneriana M.R. Barbosa & Peixoto). Dessa forma, realizou-se experimento em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso e arranjo fatorial 5 x 4, constituídos pelas combinações de cinco substratos (entre areia, sobre areia, rolo de papel, sobre papel e sobre vermiculita) e quatro temperaturas (constantes de 25; 30; 35 °C e alternada de 20-30 °C), com quatro repetições de 25 sementes cada. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: porcentagem de germinação, porcentagem de plântulas anormais, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento e massa seca das plântulas. As temperaturas de 25 e 30 °C e os substratos rolo de papel ou areia são condições ideias para a germinação das sementes de pereiro-vermelho.

The purpose of this research was to verify the efficiency of physical and biochemical indices in determining the physiological maturity of Tabebuia aurea seeds, as well as to evaluate the post-harvest storage of fruits with different maturation stages on germination and vigor. For this, 200 fruits were classified as dark green (stage I), light green (stage II), and light brown (stage III) epicarp. Freshly harvested fruits were evaluated for length, width, and weight and their seeds for length, width, thickness, thousand-seed weight, water content, electrical conductivity, and chemical composition. Subsequently, a factorial consisting of three maturation stages and four storage periods of fruits (0, 5, 10 and 15 days) were used, and water content, germination, germination speed index, root length, shoot length, and seedling dry matter were evaluated. Physical and biochemical indices can be used as maturation indicators in T. aurea seeds, except fruit length, seed thickness, electrical conductivity, and protein content. The maximum germination and vigor of T. aurea seeds were obtained in fruits at stages I (dark green) or II (ilght green) associated with post-harvest storage of fifteen days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit and seed characterization of forest species is crucial for ideal germination conditions and its use in the re-vegetation of degraded environments. Current research characterizes biometrically fruits and seeds and defines the method to overcome dormancy of Hymenaea courbaril seed. Length, width, thickness, mass of fruit and seeds were measured. Seeds underwent the following pre-germination treatments: seeds without any treatment (control); sulfuric acid for 10, 20 and 30 minutes; mechanical scarification; immersion in hot water at 100 °C until cooling. Biometric data underwent descriptive statistical analysis and frequency distribution. Percentage, speed index and mean germination period were assessed throughout germination. Results show that 15% of fruit biomass were allocated to seeds, namely, 72% in the rind and 13% in the pulp. Pre-germination method of chemical and mechanical scarification during 30 minutes provided 80 and 93% of germination, respectively. Fruits and seeds of H. courbaril provided a wide biometric and biomass variation, forming important characteristics in seed germination. Biomass varied between 2.90 and 4.34 g. Treatment with satisfactory germination were sulfuric acid and sandpaper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência Agronômica is the property of Revista Ciencia Agronomica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Myracrodruon urundeuva, a native species from the Brazilian Caatinga, is widely distributed across its endemic region, where it also plays an essential socioeconomic role. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental stress on the germination of M. urundeuva seeds harvested in different years (2010 to 2013). Seeds were germinated at constant temperatures between 10 to 40 °C, osmotic potentials from 0 to -0.8 MPa (in polyethylene glycol 6000 solutions), and from 0 to -0.5 MPa (in NaCl solutions). The experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design, with three replicates of 50 seeds, in a factorial scheme (harvest year x stress intensity) for each environmental stress. Germination data were then analysed using thermal, hydro and halo time models, and future germination responses projected according to climate change scenarios. The germination thermal thresholds ranged from 7.4 to 53.3 oC. The germination base osmotic threshold (using polyethylene glycol) was -0.6 MPa and the base osmotic threshold in NaCl was -0.43MPa. Seeds from different harvest years showed distinct tolerance to environmental stresses. The thermal, hydro and halo-time models were efficient to describe the germinative response of seeds, and the climate models allowed to identify the germination responses of M. urundeuva in future climate. According to the models for future climate (RCP 8.5), the reduction of rainfall by 2100 will directly affect seed germination and seedling recruitment of M. urundeuva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary forests are a source of forest resources for traditional populations. Therefore, the objective of the study is to analyze the spatial distribution of secondary vegetation in Aramanaí EPA and in the Maguari community, in FLONA Tapajós, evaluating the potential of these areas to provide useful species, especially the use of forest seeds for confectioning. jewelry by Maguari community. Interviews were conducted with the artisans in Maguari about the use of forest species and the spatial distribution of this vegetation was then analyzed through the mapping of TerraClass, land use and land cover of these PAs. The main plant species mentioned in the interviews were the morototó (Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin), the red pepper (Ormosia arborea L. / Adenanthera pavonina L.), yellow pepper (Ormosia excelsa Beth), soap dish (Sapindus saponaria L.), jutei (Hymenaea courbaril L.), tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum GFW Meyer) and caracaxá or jupati (Raphia taedigera Mart.), Highlighting morototó as the seed most used by all interviewees. Through the spatial distribution study, it was pointed out the morototó population grouping in secondary vegetation areas, which corresponds to about 17% of the two UCs, demonstrating that the population of the region uses the useful species of secondary vegetation areas. Secondary vegetation has become a source of forest resources for communities within UCs. Thus, it is important for the economy of the communities and, at the same time, it promotes the preservation of the primary vegetation of deforestation, being a way to conserve the forest and the stock of resources for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]