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The purpose of the article is to determine psychological factors and compare the predictor structure of legal awareness among students of historical and medical education profiles. The article is devoted to the analysis of psychological aspects of the formation of legal awareness among students who study in the medical and historical profiles of education. The paper examines the key factors affecting the development of legal awareness among young people who are preparing for professional activities in medicine and historical education. The emphasis is placed on the students’ psychological characteristics which shape their attitude to legal norms and historical context, and it is also studied how the educational process affects their legal awareness. The article includes an analysis of scientific literature on psychology, history and medicine. The results of empirical research conducted among students of higher educational institutions are revealed. The study emphasizes that the main criteria for the development of legal awareness of students of medical and historical education profiles are the legal knowledge, level of legal education, attitude to legal norms, stability of legal beliefs, value orientations, formation of legal attitudes and compliance or non-compliance with legal norms revealed in the behavior. It is noted that in order to assess the degree of formation of legal awareness of students of medical and historical education profiles, one can use the levels of development of each of its components: substantive, motivational-value, reflexive-evaluative, and personal-content. The results of the study highlight the need to integrate psychological knowledge into the educational process of future specialists in the fields of history and medicine. Based on the analysis of the results of a diagnostic study conducted among the students of medical and historical profiles, it can be concluded that the factors of formation of legal awareness in different groups of respondents have certain differences depending on the direction of their education. The students of medical profile demonstrated strong internal socially significant motives, which may expose their desire to contribute to society and help others. At the same time, they showed high self-motivation and orientation towards their own development, which is important for successful mastering of the medical subject. The article will be useful for teaching medical and historical subjects, students of these specialties, as well as everyone who is interested in the issue of psychological features of the formation of legal awareness. The problem of legal awareness of young people in modern conditions of the development of Ukrainian society is the most relevant task. At the same time, the study of legal awareness among students of the historical education profile is in a certain way predictable and has a fairly good track record in science, which cannot be said about the students of the medical profile. And this occurs despite the fact that the legal factor is key to their professional training, as the formed legal awareness not only contributes to the understanding of legal norms and ethical standards, important for protecting the rights of patients and avoiding legal errors, but also forms the professional responsibility and ethical behavior of a medical student, emphasizing not only the rights, but also the responsibilities of medical specialists to the patients, colleagues and society as a whole. Taking into account the rapid development of the medical industry and the updating of legislation, the constant clarification of legal issues provides medical specialists with upto-date knowledge necessary for high-quality patient care and adherence to the professional standards. The peculiarity of the formation of legal awareness among students of historical and medical profiles lies in different approaches to the learning process. Whereas for future historians it is critically important to understand the course of the historical development of law and analyze the influence of historical processes on the formation of legal institutions, for the future medical workers the issue of legal awareness affects their general worldview and the process of positioning themselves as specialists in the Ukrainian medical system. The relevance of this topic is determined by modern challenges, in particular, the need for general legal education of young people (not only those of profile specialties) to ensure compliance with human rights, development of democratic institutions, prevention of corruption and strengthening of the rule of law, which is especially relevant in wartime conditions. However, the issue of the predictor structure of psychological components that influence the process of forming legal awareness of modern youth remains insufficiently studied, which creates a demand for research on this topic precisely in the psychological plane. Conclusion. In general, the study revealed that both groups of students have a high level of selfrespect and a positive attitude towards themselves, which is the basis for their professional and personal development. These features can be considered as key factors in the formation of legal awareness of young people who are open to learning and observing social norms and legal principles, which is an integral part of their academic and future professional life. The obtained data can be used to enhance the efficiency of the educational process, create motivation programs and a favorable environment for the development of legal awareness and professional growth of students.

Crystallization processes of the solid phase in supersaturated solutions of products of plant origin are used in processing technologies. The theory of diffusion (molecular) mass transfer of the target substance has become widespread when solving problems of technology improvement. The driving force of this process is the difference in the concentration of the solid phase in the solution towards the crystallization center, where the concentration of the solid phase is reduced. During the analytical and quantitative study of the process of solid phase deposition in the crystallization center, Fick's diffusion laws have been used. The influence of solution temperature, concentration of the solid phase, its geometry and dispersed composition on the course of this process have been considered. Based on a diffusion model of the process of crystal formation of sucrose in a vacuum apparatus, a numerical analysis of factors in sugar production technology not covered in the literature has been presented. The problem of quantitative analysis of the process of sucrose crystallization in the working volume of a vacuum apparatus for the production of sugar and other products of plant origin of high commercial standards requires further in-depth study.

For obtaining new metal matrix composites, one needs to develop approaches to the selection of reinforcing additives, the identification of the relationship of the properties of the resulting material with the composition, concentration and morphology of the additives introduced, the creation and search for new affordable and cheap additives. As one of the solutions to this problem, the authors propose to obtain aluminum matrix composites based on the structuring of an Al matrix with titanium carbide nanostructures ($\leq 5$ nm) by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The resulting material has an important feature — the absence of obvious interface boundaries between the Al matrix and the reinforcing carbide phase, that ensures the components binding into a single whole. Composites, for the hardening of which a reinforcing phase with surface carbide nanostructures is used, in addition to a higher tensile strength, demonstrate a more plastic fracture pattern characteristic of dispersed hardening of materials. With an increase in the amount of the composite reinforcement from 1 to $5\%$, embrittlement of the material does not occur, as is observed when carbide particles are introduced into the Al matrix by other methods.

The aim of the article is to study the evolution of scientists’ views on the category of human capital and to reproduce the genesis of this scientific category. Human capital is considered in the article as a multifactorial intellectual system that explores the emergence, development, formation and improvement under the influence of objective and subjective factors. The article analyzes the history of the development of economic thought and the evolution of the theory of human capital. A study of the system of scientific tools of representatives of mercantilism, the school of physiocrats, classical political economy, marginalism, neoliberalism, neoclassical theory, Keynesianism, institutional school and neo-institutionalism is carried out and the possibilities of its application in the global context of human development are determined. The objective economic, organizational, historical, scientific-technical, social and institutional prerequisites for the formation of the conception of human capital are defined. The conception of human capital is a new socioeconomic paradigm, the basis for the formation of which was the transition from the traditional economic system of development to the modern or innovative system. Within the framework of the theory of human capital, a person is considered through the prism of economic processes: social production, reproduction, economic activity. This was the basis for the rapid formation and spread of the theory of human capital. Objective reality emphasizes the importance of the formation and effective use of human capital, and significant scientific achievements on this issue confirm the long process of evolutionary development and relevance regardless of time intervals. The directions for further research include the development of methods for assessing human capital, in particular on the basis of the Human Development Index, a powerful tool for analyzing global processes and transformations in society.

In the paper, the experimental data on the temperature effect on the breakdown strength of polypropylene, polycarbonate and poly(ethylene terephthalate) films 2.0–2.5 μm thick have been obtained over a temperature range from 293 to 363 K. When the film samples were heated, the breakdown electric field strength was found to decrease slightly but to reveal a significant scatter of values. It was shown that the experimental results on the pulsed electrical breakdown of the polymer films could be described basing the notion of the ionization mechanism of the polymer breakdown, not related to the development of an impact ionization of the polymer molecules.

In the paper, the results of a study of the influence of the magnetic shield magnetization on the relative frequency instability of small-sized rubidium atomic clocks have been presented. The atomic clock was placed in a rotating magnetic field, simulating the magnetic situation in the orbit of a navigation satellite, moving in orbit and rotating around its own axis. The magnetization of the magnetic shield of the atomic clock was shown to increase its shielding factor. This result makes it possible to significantly reduce the influence of geomagnetic field variations on the frequency stability of onboard atomic clocks.

In the article the development of thin shell construction theory is considered according to the contribution of researchers, chronology, including the most accurate and simplified solutions. The review part of the article consists only of those publications which are related to the development of shell theory. The statement is based on the works of famous Russian researchers (V. V. Novozhilov, A. I. Lurie, A. L. Goldenweiser, H. M. Mushtari, V. Z. Vlasov), who developed the specified theory the most. The paper also mentions the researchers who improved the theory, calculation methods in aspects of strength, sustainability and vibrations of thin elastic shell constructions. Separately the application of the models for ribbed shells constructions is shown. It is reporting the basic principles of nonlinear thin shell construction theory development, including the nonlinear relations for deformations. In the article it is shown that if median surface of the shell is referred to the orthogonal coordinate system, then the expressions for deformations, obtained by different authors, practically correspond. The case in which the median surface of the shell is referred to an oblique-angled coordinate system was developed by A. L. Goldenweiser. For static problem, the functional of the total potential energy of deformation, representing the difference between the potential energy and the work of external forces, is used. The equilibrium equations and natural boundary conditions are derived from the minimum condition of this functional. In case of dynamic problem, the functional of the total deformation energy of the shell is described in which it is necessary to consider the kinetic energy of shell deformation. It is necessary to underline that the condition for minimum of the specified functional lets to derive the movement equations and natural boundary and initial conditions. Also, in the article the results of contemporary research of thin shell theory are presented.

This paper presents the results of numerical studies of the temperature regime and the thermal stressed state of the reinforced concrete wall of the nuclear power plant foundation block during the construction period with continuous concreting at full height. Calculations were done both using the dependence of the change in heat liberation over time on the hardening temperature, according to the theory of I.D. Zaporozhets, as well as the experimental data. It is established that if Zaporozhets equation is used in calculations, the correction of heat release values should be performed in the first 45 hours of concrete hardening. In order to correct the theoretical values of the specific heat, the last one should be multiplied by the correction factor. The dependence of the factor on the time within the range of 4 to 45 hours is approximated with sufficient accuracy by the obtained fifth degree polynomial. The crack resistance of the structure was determined using a deformation criterion, taking into account the change in the ultimate elongation of concrete over time. In this particular case of concreting a structure it is shown that when the correction function is introduced into the calculation program there is no need to use thermal insulation. The direct economic effect, as well as the indirect one associated with the decrease in the construction period, allow avoiding the rise of the construction costs. It is proposed to use the developed methodology in practical calculations of thermal crack resistance of massive concrete and reinforced concrete structures during the construction period.

Agriculture has a huge impact on the economic indicators of development of the Kyrgyz Republic, but faces several difficulties, the most serious of which are population growth, land degradation, poor financing of the industry, which significantly affects the insufficient volume of products produced and affects the development of the regions. The work examines the possibilities of implementing agrarian-economic policy on a scientific basis, examines indicators and current development tasks in theoretical and practical aspects, in areas such as the creation of innovative competitive industries. The main research method used was data from official statistical information of the Kyrgyz Republic on economic indicators, the direction of exports by type of agricultural products. The criteria for the production specialization of the southern regions are highlighted; it is clear that the economic potential of the regions is far from being fully used and has prospects for innovative development. The study used methods of economic-statistical and legal analysis, the theory of the regional economic system, and gave the level and structural analysis of the development of territories. As a further improvement of the agrarian and economic development of the regions and based on the results of the study, some problematic fragments of regional policy were identified and directions for improving agricultural development were recommended.

Introduction. The dispersion of didactic systems, the abundance of which is present in the modern world, prompts us to make some demarcation of these phenomena by analyzing a separate theory – natural education, using the example of the school (de)-Roche [fr. L’Ecole des Roches] of Edmond Demolins [fr. Edmond Demolins]. Theoretical analysis of the conducted research is based on the works of foreign and domestic scientists, mainly on the work «The Elementary School Teacher» by Edmond Demolins. Based on the analysis, a competence matrix of a «new education» teacher was developed, which meets the requirements of competitiveness and validity in the profession. In addition, based on the study of original and translated texts, the author outlined the position of contemporaries of the «school reform» in relation to the traditional teacher and the system of knowledge transfer to students in general. Conclusion. The assessment of the best practices of the «new education» represented by the Roche School of Edmond Demolins, allowed us to draw a number of conclusions that have theoretical and applied significance within the framework of the current direction of reforming national education. Firstly, the importance of the inner core of the student and the expediency of his free are stated. Secondly, it emphasizes the need for educational organizations to meet the needs of the student.

The paper proposes a method of strength analysis for materials of thin-walled shell structures reinforced with stiffeners. The shells under consideration were made of orthotropic materials. The authors analyze the applicability of the following seven strength criteria: the maximum stress criterion, the Mises-Hill criterion, the Fisher criterion, the Goldenblatt-Kopnov criterion, the Liu-Huang-Stout criterion, the Tsai-Wu criterion, and the Hoffman criterion. During the study, doubly-curved shallow shells square in the plan were considered. A geometrically nonlinear mathematical model of shell deformation, which considers transverse shears, was used. The calculations were based on the characteristics of T10/UPE22-27 glass-fiber-reinforced plastic. The method relies on calculating the values of several strength criteria at each step of structural loading and analyzing the development of areas failing to meet the strength conditions as the load increases.

In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the probiotic supplement BACELL-M® when added to the diet of Big-6 turkeys. This supplement contains prebiotics and strains of Bacillus subtilis 945 (B-5225), Lactobacillus paracasei (B-2347), and Enterococcus faecium M-3185 (B-3491). For this study, the turkeys were divided into two groups based on the paired-analog principle, with five individuals in each group. Group 1 received the feed additive BACELL-M® at a dose of 10 g per 1 kg of feed added to their main diet. Group 2 served as the control. The weight gain dynamics for each group were assessed daily. On the 40th day, blood samples were taken to evaluate biochemical parameters. After slaughter, samples of the large intestine were collected for morphological studies. The experimental group showed superior results according to the studied criteria compared to the control group. The results also indicated increased meat productivity in the turkeys supplemented with BACELLM ®. This suggests the potential of using this dietary supplement as a preventive measure against gastrointestinal dsiseases in turkeys.

The paper presents the results of assessing the effectiveness of a complex feed additive based on halloysite for experimental T-2, afla- and zearalenone toxicosis of white rats in terms of survival, changes in clinical condition, enzyme status of blood serum and spleen ultrastructure. The results presented in the article confirmed the danger of the combined effects of mycotoxins on the body of white rats. The presence of mycotoxins in the feed led to the death of 30.0% of rats with a change in the clinical condition of the surviving animals, a significant increase in the serum levels of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, as well as changes in the ultrastructure of the spleen. A normalizing effect of a food additive based on halloysite on the studied parameters in experimental combined mycotoxicosis was noted, which was manifested by 100% survival of rats, less pronounced changes in the enzyme status and a protective effect on the ultrastructure of the spleen. This makes it promising for further comprehensive research on productive animal species with the prospect of implementation in animal husbandry as an effective means of preventing combined mycotoxicoses.

The paper presents an analysis of the results of evaluating the effect of microstructure obtained by methods of severe plastic deformation (SPD) - equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and high-pressure torsion (HPT) - on the mechanical and operational properties of the Mg-1%Ca alloy. The influence of the ZrO2 nano-oxide coating deposited using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology was considered in comparison with the uncoated material under study. At the same time, it was noted that the application of a ZrO2 nano-oxide coating by the ALD method made it possible to increase the mechanical characteristics of the ECAP samples by about 20% (the ultimate strength was 205 MPa after ECAP and 262 MPa for ECAP samples with ALD coating). The lowest values of the adhesive component of the friction coefficient were observed on samples after SPD treatment using the HPT method with an applied ZrO2 nano-oxide coating. However, it was found that both the initial material of the study and after SPD treatment by ECAP, the Mg-1% Ca alloy demonstrates a slightly lower damping ability during the deposition of ZrO2 films.

The article presents the optimum parameters determination results of the gripping and cutting device vibration suspension in the process of holding the tree in a vertical position. Two kinematic schemes of the vibration suspension were considered, and their equilibrium equations for static calculation were compiled. To determine the optimum parameters of the vibration suspension the geometric parameters of its structural elements were selected at which the torque on the drive shaft was minimum. The changes in the lengths of the rotation arm and suspension arm, the arm fixing distance to the boom were justified as variable parameters. As a result of varying the set parameters graphs of the drive shaft moment change depending on the tree weight were obtained. As a result of the study, it was determined that with an increase in the arm fixing distance to the boom, the torque on the drive increases, and with an increase in the parameters of the rotation arm and the suspension arm, on the contrary, decreases. Therefore it is recommended to increase the arm fixing distance to 201 mm, and the rotation and suspension arms, on the contrary, reduce to 200 and 86 mm, respectively. The results obtained made it possible to determine more optimum parameters of the gripping and cutting device vibration suspension, which can be used in further theoretical and practical research of the gripping and cutting device design with vertically held tree.

The study examines the transition to a sustainable global economy, which requires countries to encourage and stimulate investments that bring environmental benefits. Due to the growing pressure on governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce all types of pollution, so–called green finance has assumed an important role by providing governments. The study noted that green finance uses the power of markets to allow investors and businesses to make money, as well as save the planet. Green loans are loans that are provided to finance environmental projects aimed at improving the environmental situation and reducing the negative impact on the environment. Such projects may include the installation of equipment for the use of renewable energy sources, improvement of waste management systems or the introduction of technologies aimed at reducing emissions of harmful substances. Green loans can be businesses and often have lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.

The article deals with the classification of sorting fruits and root crops. When reviewing existing structures, their shortcomings were identified. The authors proposed a new design of the sorting device. The basic principle of operation of this design is based on the creation of a suction air flow inside a metal pipe. The device consists of a container with unsorted fruit, a corrugated plastic pipe of variable length with a tip, a clamp attached to a square metal pipeline. Inside this pipeline there are three rectangular holes of different sizes equipped with gates are fixed. In the lower part of the adapters, cyclones with corrugated plastic pipes of variable length with tips are fixed, descending into the corresponding containers. A protective mesh is installed in the rear part of the metal pipeline and a fan housing is attached, inside which the fan itself is located, driven by an electric motor and creating a suction air flow. The proposed device makes it possible to simplify the design, reduce the consumption of materials, reduce energy consumption, reduce the labor intensity of maintenance, increase productivity, and reduce the degree of damage to the surfaces of sorted fruits and root crops.

This paper presents research on the study of the adsorption properties of sorbents of mineral and organic origin. From the research results, it was seen that the maximum adsorption properties for zearalenone at room temperature of 19-21 ° C and pH 7 were shown by sorbents: bentonite of the Biklyansky deposits 34.7%, bentonite of The biklyansky burned 25.3%, bentonite of the tarn-Varna deposits 31.4% Mycosorb 65.7%, Phytosorb 57.5%, zeolite 27.3%, Zookarb 21.2% showed the lowest sorption capacity for zearalenone. In relation to the T-2 toxin, the adsorption properties of sorbents at a temperature of 19-21 ° C and pH 7 showed: Phytosorb 57.5%, bentonite of the Biklyansky deposits 51.7%, bentonite of the tarn-Varna deposits 57.4%, Mycosorb 55.7%, Zoocarb 43.8%, zeolite 36.2%, bentonite of the biklyansky fired 31.4%. According to the results of research, it can be concluded that when the average temperature increases from 20-21 ° C to 38-39 ° C, sorbents significantly increase the adsorption of toxins from 50-70% by such sorbents as phytosorb, Mycosorb, bentonite of the Biklyansky Deposit.

Using a new precoding matrix, a new method for blind channel estimation of OFDM systems with zero padding has been investigated. A single vector of the correlation matrix is employed to obtain the normalized estimated channel vector, and one pilot signal is used to resolve the scalar ambiguity. Two models of OFDM systems have been investigated, and their NMSE and BER results have been compared in various scenarios. In particular conditions, the new precoding matrix offers an advantage over the conventional circulant. To aid in the creation of novel precoding matrices, a proof of the full rank property is stated under some conditions.

. In the paper, an oblique rectilinear central crack opening in an uniaxially tensile plane with a mixed mode of fracture (combination of normal separation and longitudinal shear modes) in two types of anisotropic materials (orthotropic one and one with cubic symmetry) has been studied. Stress intensity coefficient values for different crack orientations were calculated using expressions derived from the Lekhnitskii formalism and extrapolated methods for displacements and stresses. The results of verification of the used approach based on comparison of the finite element calculation with analytical one were presented (the difference was less than 0.75 %). A comparative analysis of the stress intensity and crack opening coefficients for three types of symmetry of elastic properties: isotropic material, material with cubic symmetry and orthotropic material was carried out.

Freeze-dried products have a great potential for creating a complete diet for people working on a rotational basis in the Arctic region, due to their properties that they acquire after the freeze-drying process. Researches of the effect of primary drying temperature on the total content of antioxidants in freeze-dried yoghurts with berry puree have been carried out. The objects of researches were yoghurts with berry puree produced by the thermostatic method. Prepared yoghurts were frozen at a temperature of minus 40 0C and intensive air circulation. After the samples were subjected to vacuum freeze-drying at primary drying temperatures from (minus 10 0С) to (minus 30 0С) with a step of 5 0С. In freeze-dried samples of yogurt, the total content of antioxidants was determined by the amperometric method on the device "Tsvet-Yauza-01-AA" and sensory characteristics. It has been determined that vacuum freeze-drying at lower primary drying temperatures results in the retention of a higher content of antioxidants. Sensory properties of prepared yoghurts revealed that changing the primary drying temperature affects the overall perception of taste, colour and smell of freeze-dried yoghurts. The choice of the freeze-drying mode, which provides the maximum level of preservation of the quality of freeze-dried yoghurts with berry puree, is substantiated.

We consider a network-based framework for studying causal relationships in financial markets and demonstrate this approach by applying it to the entire U.S. stock market. Directed networks (referred to as “causal market graphs”) are constructed based on publicly available stock prices time series data during 2001–2020, using Granger causality as a measure of pairwise causal relationships between all stocks. We consider the dynamics of structural properties of the constructed network snapshots, group stocks into network-based clusters, as well as identify the most “influential” market sectors via the PageRank algorithm. Interestingly, we observed drastic changes in the considered network characteristics in the years that corresponded to significant global-scale events, most notably, the financial crisis of 2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020.

A system of differential equations is considered that describes the motion of a gyrostat under the action of the moment of potential, gyroscopic and circular-gyroscopic forces. The form of the moment of forces is indicated for which the system has the three first integrals of a given form. An analog of V.I. Zubov’s theorem for representing solutions of gyrostat equations by power series is given, and the possibility of using this approach to predict motions is shown. For an analogue of the Lagrange case, integration in quadratures is performed. Analogues of the case of full dynamical symmetry and the Hess case are also indicated. Based on the principle of optimal damping developed by V.I. Zubov, a design of the control moment created by circular-gyroscopic forces is proposed, which ensures that one of the coordinates reaches a constant (albeit unknown in advance) value or the transition of the state vector to the level surface of the particular Hess integral. A numerical example is given, for which a two-parameter family of exact almost periodic solutions, represented by trigonometric functions, is found.

It was shown the possibility of increasing the sensitivity of a gas sensor based on nanocrystalline SiC films by using a scheme of a two-component sensing element, one of which is an n-nc-SiC film with electronic conductivity, and the second is an p-nc-SiC film with hole conductivity. It is shown that due to the opposite polarity of changes in resistance in the films under the simultaneous action of gases, the difference in relative resistance changes Δ in the n-nc-SiC and p-nc-SiC films will always be greater than in each film separately. The expediency of using a two-component sensing element of a gas sensor based on nc-SiC films with electron and hole conduction is shown.