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Polymer electrolyte membrane-based water electrolysis technology is a productive method for converting electrical energy into hydrogen. To improve and optimize the performance of the water electrolytic system, an anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolyzer is an excellent choice. AEM possess inadequacies in cation structural design, and diversity in development approaches with each new cation inclusion. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a variety of poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO)-based AEMs crosslinked with azonia-spiro undecane (ASU). The design process consists of three steps: first P-ASU making followed by quaternarization and then PPO bromination, followed by P-ASU and BPPO crosslinking. The membrane's stability is enhanced by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG). PPO has outstanding mechanical and thermal stability, and its backbone can be functionalized through a variety of ways. Bromination was performed with quantitative control in this study. The developed membrane was examined using analytical tools (e.g., TGA, FTIR, HNMR, SEM). The results revealed that membrane demonstrated sufficient thermal stability between 150 °C and 250 °C as degradation phase. Characterization results also contribute to accurately measuring membrane surface morphology and stability at 4.38 ppm and 3.13–3.24 ppm transition from the–CH2Br group to the–N+(CH3)3 groups by new peaks. The composition and properties were analyzed to validate successful crosslinking and functionalization of the membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal energy storage (TES) using phase change materials (PCMs) has been extensively utilized to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems. High-conductive nanofillers have been an effective method to improve PCM's energy efficiency and thermal management systems. This research modifies high-capacity paraffin using graphene nanosheets (GNS) in small weight fractions of 0.2% and 0.6%. Tween 60 and gum Arabic are added to improve the GNS nanofiller's suspension ability. A higher GNS nanofiller of 0.6 wt% contributes to lower transmittance with higher solar energy absorption. However, GNS/paraffin with Tween 60 results in better thermal stability than gum Arabic surfactant. The improved thermal properties show promising results for TES systems in PVT applications.

Clean energy and environmental pollution are two key concerns of modern society and are pivotal necessities for the economic, social, and sustainable development of the world. Today around 80% of energy is generated using nonrenewable resources and fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal) which ultimately results in hazardous global emissions. As a clean substitute for fossil fuels, hydrogen has emerged as a promising and renewable energy resource. Utilization of this energy resource requires the development of active, stable, low‐cost environmentally friendly techniques. Water splitting electrolysis is a method for producing clean and efficient hydrogen using an environmentally benign technique that is currently at its most mature stage. Electrolysis is attracting ever‐increasing attention, as it is a promising electrochemical device for hydrogen production from water due to the high conversion efficiency and relatively low energy input required when compared to thermochemical and photocatalytic methods. This paper will outline the need, performance, and insight of anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer. Recent developments in the design and preparation of AEM. New strategies for activity, stability, and efficiency improvement of AEM. Membrane types, and factors affecting AEM performance in an electrolyzer. This review also discusses the effects, operating characteristics, and energy consumption of electrocatalysts in the AEM electrolyzer. Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) pathways and mechanisms in acidic and alkaline media. This study seeks to provide a detailed overview of recent accomplishments in the field of the hydrogen economy, particularly electrolysis, to inspire further research and development to address the technology's obstacles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the concept of an electric vehicle (EV) as a sustainable development (SD) is discussed, and the viability of the development of electric vehicles is assessed. This study broadens the conventional definition of sustainable development by incorporating and prioritizing crucial areas of technology, environment, and policy performance. The proposed review studies have summarized the elements that can promote the integration of electric vehicle technology. The innovation of the EV has just become a modern innovation. At the same time, some obstacles, such as policy and lower adoption, are resisting its goals. To overcome this situation, electric cars have to adopt some innovative approaches that can be another path to success. The review result shows that the proposal discusses the technological advancements of electric vehicles worldwide and paves the way for further improvements. The results also mentioned technological development to reduce emissions and help us understand the impact on the environment and health benefits. However, the summary would be advantageous to both scholars and policymakers, as there is a lack of integrative reviews that assess the global demand and development of EVs simultaneously and collectively. This review would provide insight for investors and policymakers to envisage electric mobility., Author(s): M. S. Hossain [1]; Laveet Kumar [2]; M. M. Islam (corresponding author) [3]; Jeyraj Selvaraj [4] 1. Introduction Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to contribute to the decarbonization [...]

High conversion ratio dc-dc converters have received significant attention in renewable energy systems, primarily due to their necessary high-gain characteristics. This research proposes a high step-up ratio full-bridge resonant cascaded (FBRC) dc-dc converter designed for use in photovoltaics (PV), fuel cells (FC), electric vehicles (EV), and other low-voltage output energy sectors to achieve high voltage gain. This converter contains a full-bridge cell with a boost input inductor, a diode-capacitor cascaded stage that replaces the transformer as a voltage multiplier and an inductor-capacitor (LC) parallel-series resonant network across the FB terminal. One of the strategic features of the converter is its high voltage step-up characteristic combined with lower duty cycle operation that limits the maximum current through the active devices, making it particularly suitable for systems that generate low output voltage. In addition, zero-voltage switching (ZVS) is achieved during the turn-off and turn-on operation of the FB switches from 25% to full load, thereby lessening the switching losses. Moreover, the diminished necessity for passive components and the decreased voltage stress on both active and passive devices lead to the use of smaller and more cost-effective components. The theoretical analysis of the proposed converter is validated using a 500 W laboratory-scale prototype wherein high-performance SiC-based MOSFETs have been utilized as switching devices. It offers reduced ripples, with input current ripple at 5% and output voltage ripple at 0.76%. When the load is 400 W and 60 V as the input voltage, the maximum efficiency is found 95.8% at 400 V output voltage. The proposed dc-dc converter, with its high voltage gain and reduced component stress, shows significant promise for application in renewable energy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]