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Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an uncommon, aseptic, autoinflammatory condition characterized by multifocal bone lesions with pain, swelling, and frequent exacerbations and remissions. It is noteworthy that these lesions occur without any identifiable etiology or microbiologic finding. The clavicle and metaphyses of the long bones are often involved whereas involvement of the mandible is considered rare. It is usually diagnosed by exclusion of other diseases. As it shares most of its features with the more commonly occurring infective osteomyelitis, patients are often unnecessarily subjected to prolonged courses of antibiotics, serial radiation exposures, and repeated bone biopsies. We present a case of CRMO involving the mandible. Our primary objective is to demonstrate the clinical features of this uncommon disorder, highlighting the radiographic appearance. Familiarity with this condition among radiologists greatly increases the likelihood for early diagnosis and formulating an appropriate treatment plan.

Introduction: Congenital defects of the posterior arch of atlas are uncommon anomalies that may go unnoticed. Radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography scans made for orthodontic purposes often show the atlas; therefore, these rare defects might first be noted as incidental findings on orthodontic records., Methods: A series of 7 cases of posterior arch defects of atlas (C1) that were detected during routine radiographic examination are presented here., Results: The distribution of the defects was as follows: type A, 2; type B, 1; type C, none; type D, 1; and type E, 3., Conclusion: As the potential complications associated with these defects may be quite concerning, a thorough analysis of the radiographs for these defects is imperative., (Copyright © 2020 American Association of Orthodontists. All rights reserved.)

Aim of the Study: Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most common potentially malignant disorder that may transform into oral carcinoma. By treating leukoplakia in its incipient stage, the risk of occurrence of oral carcinoma can be prevented. In this aspect, photodynamic therapy (PDT) can serve as a useful treatment modality. The aim of the study is to treat patients with OL using PDT in which 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is used as a photosensitizer., Materials and Methods: Five patients with OL were included in the study. They were treated with 10% ALA mediated PDT (light source: Xenon lamp, power: 0.1 W, wavelength: 630 ± 5 nm, total dose: 100 J/cm(2) per session) for 6-8 sessions. Follow-up was done for a period of 1 year., Results: One month (4 weeks) after ALA-PDT, the response was evaluated based on clinical examination. It was as follows: Complete response: Two patients; partial response: Two patients; and no response: One patient. There was no recurrence in any of the cases., Conclusion: There was satisfactory reduction in the size of the OL lesion without any side-effects. Thus, ALA mediated PDT seems to be a promising alternative for the treatment of OL.

Background/purpose: Oral lichen planus is an autoimmune disorder that has posed a challenge in spite of the several treatment modalities available. Here, we have proposed yet another treatment modality, photodynamic therapy, for this condition. The aim of the study was to treat patients having symptomatic oral lichen planus with photodynamic therapy with methylene blue as photosensitizer., Methods: Twenty patients with symptomatic oral lichen planus were included in the study. They were treated with 5% methylene blue mediated photodynamic therapy (light source: Xenon arc lamp, wavelength: 630 ± 5 nm, total dose: 120 J/cm(2) per sitting) in four sessions (1st, 4th, 7th and 15th day). Follow-up was done on second and fourth week after the therapy., Results: There was significant improvement in signs and symptoms of the lesion at first and second follow-up visits (P-value<0.001)., Conclusion: There was satisfactory reduction in signs and symptoms of oral lichen planus without any side effects. Thus, methylene blue mediated photodynamic therapy seems to be a promising alternative for the control of oral lichen planus., (© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)

An efficient and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of 4,4'-(arylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ols) has been accomplished by tandem Knoevenagel-Michael reaction of two equivalents of 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one with various aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) in water. All the synthesized compounds 3a-j were evaluated for in vitro antiviral activity against peste des petits ruminant virus (PPRV). Compound 3i emerged as the most interesting compound in this series exhibiting excellent antiviral activity against PPRV and found to be more potent than the standard drug ribavirin used.

In the title compound, C(16)H(16)N(2)O(5), the meth-oxy group is disordered with site occupancies of 0.20 (3) and 0.80 (3). The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 73.7 (2)°. The crystal structure is characterized by intermolecular N-H⋯O, O-H⋯O, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π hydrogen bonds.

In the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(19)H(17)NO(3), there are two crystallographically independent mol-ecules, which are connected to each other by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming mol-ecular chains as well as cyclic centrosymmetric R(2) (2)(16) dimers.

The oxazine ring in the title compound, C(21)H(14)N(2)O(5), adopts a flattened boat conformation. The nitro-phenyl ring and the naphthalene ring system enclose a dihedral angle of 89.2 (1)°. An intra-molecular hydrogen bond is formed between the NH group and one of the adjacent carbonyl O atoms. In addition, the NH group forms an inter-molecular hydrogen bond to a symmetry equivalent of this carbonyl O atom, connecting the mol-ecules into centrosymmetric dimers. The structure also contains C-H⋯O inter-molecular inter-actions.