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Objective: In this study, we investigated the understanding of the consent forms used for invasive procedures in the urology clinic by the patients. It was evaluated which age and education groups could comprehend the consent forms used in our clinic.Material and Methods: In this investigation, we employed two intelligibility formulas proposed by Ateşman and Bezirci-Ylmaz for Turkish. In the study, 69 separate consent forms were evaluated.Results: An average of 62.02 points was obtained in the study after evaluating the consent forms using the Ateşman intelligibility index. This value indicates that a person with a 9 and 10th education level will be able to comprehend the text. The Bezirci-Yılmaz index yielded an average of 11.13 points when the same forms were analyzed. This value indicates that consent forms can be understood by those with a 10 and 11th grade education grade.Conclusion: In our study, it was found that the informed consent forms given to the patients before the operation were insufficient to be understood by the patients. Similar findings were obtained in previous studies in the literature. Each country’s own health literacy and education level should be taken into account when creating informed consent forms.

Background: The aim of the study is to examine the effect of peritoneal re-approximation or non-approximation on the postoperative course of patients at the end of transperitoneal robot-assisted ra...

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki ortaöğretim sisteminde var olan sorunlarla ilgili yapılan çalışmaların meta-sentez yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda “ortaöğretim”, “ortaöğretim sistemi”, “ortaöğretim sisteminin sorunları”, “lise sistemi” ve “lise sisteminin sorunları” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak Yükseköğretim Kurulu (YÖK) tez merkezi (tez adı alanında), EBSCOHost veri tabanı (başlık ve içerik alanında) ve Web of Science veri tabanlarında (başlık ve içerik alanında) arama yapılmış; üç yüksek lisans tezi, 25 makale, bir kitap ve bir çalıştay raporu çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmada Noblit ve Hare’in (1988) geliştirdiği analiz aşamaları takip edilmiş ve tematik sentez yöntemine göre analiz edilmiştir. Buna göre oluşturulmuş tema ve kodlar frekans tabloları ile verilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. İnceleme sonunda elde edilen bulgular sistemden, fiziki ortam ve altyapıdan, öğretmenden, finans ve programdan kaynaklı sorunlar olmak üzere beş başlıkta ele alınmıştır. Araştırma sonunda ortaöğretim sisteminin sorunları arasında, bir üst kademeye geçiş sistemi, eğitimde fırsat eşitsizliği, personel kalitesi/niteliği, siyasi/ideolojik–bürokrasi, kalabalık sınıflar, bina yetersizliği, araç gereç eksikliği sorunları olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-monocyte (NMR) as biomarkers in men who had a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 4 to 10 ng/mL and who subsequently underwent prostate biopsy.Materials and Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the records of 546 patients who underwent multicore (≥12) TRUS-guided biopsy at our institution between April 2010 and November 2017. Age, PSA level, f/t PSA, NLR, PLR, LMR, NMR, Gleason score in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and biopsy results were collected. Histological results were categorized into three groups as benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis and PCa.Results:The median age of patients was 64 years. The mean total PSA level and f/t PSA ratio were 6.52±1.76 and 0.2±0.09, respectively. The mean NLR, LMR, PLR and NMR were 2.46±1.46, 3.94±2.07, 120.69±60.73 and 8.52±7.97, respectively. The f/t PSA ratio in the PCa group was significantly lower compared to the other two groups (p

Objective:Due to the widespread usage of prostate-specific antigen screening, the number of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer is steadily increasing. Many factors such as high operating room demand, insurance reimbursement, patients’ desire to assess multiple treatment options, and anxiety can cause delays in radical treatment. In this study, we examined the effect of delay from prostate biopsy to surgery on outcomes of men with localized prostate cancer.Materials and Methods:The data of 359 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) in our clinic between 2008 and 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Surgical delay was defined as the time from transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy to surgery. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the interval between prostate biopsy and RP (≤60, 61-120, ≥120 days) and classified according to the D’Amico risk classification.Results:A total of 248 patients were included in the study. Of these patients, 107 (43.1%) were operated within 60 days of biopsy, 113 (45.6%) 61- 120 days after biopsy, and 28 (11.3%) over 120 days after biopsy. Statistical analysis of patients with follow-up of at least 12 months did not reveal a significant difference between the groups in terms of biochemical recurrence (p=0.06). A delay of over 120 days was not associated with adverse pathological or oncological findings at surgery for the low-risk group. Extraprostatic invasion increased significantly in the intermediate-risk group with longer surgical delay (p=0.044).Conclusion:Our data demonstrated that a delay of more than 120 days was not associated with adverse pathological outcomes in men with low-risk localized prostate cancer. For men with intermediate-risk disease, delays over 60 days were significantly associated with risk of extraprostatic invasion. Our findings indicate that RP should be performed within 60 days of biopsy for intermediate-risk patients.

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma is a very rare disease and usually occurs in the stomach, ovaries and lungs. The term hepatoid adenocarcinoma was first introduced by Ishikura et al. in 1985 to describe a rare aggressive malignant neoplasm in the urinary bladder [1,3].

OBJECTIVE To present the surgical and pathological results of robotic radical cystectomy (RRC) operations performed in our clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 18 patients, who underwent RRC and intracorporeal urinary diversion between October 2016 and September 2017 for clinically localized bladder cancer in our clinic, were included in the study. The results were evaluated under three headings. 1. operative outcomes (total operation time, perioperative blood loss, postoperative hematocrit decrease) 2. recovery period (pull-off drain day, hospitalization time) 3. oncological results (pathologic stage, surgical margin, number, and characteristics of lymph nodes removed). Complications within the postoperative 30-day period, were evaluated and the Clavien classification system was used to classify the complications. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 64.4 (52-80) years. Seventeen male patients and one female patient underwent robotic cystectomy. At the operative outcomes, the mean blood loss was 325 mL, and the mean hematocrit decrease was 3.15%. The mean duration of the surgery was 471 minutes (330-630), while the median operative time was 450 minutes. Complications occured in 6 patients during the early postoperative period. Six of them (75%) had minor complications (Clavien grade 1), two patients (25%) had major complications (Clavien grade 4). CONCLUSION Our initial experience with RRC is that, this surgical technique has acceptable operative, oncological and short-term clinical outcomes. However, prospective randomized studies are needed to assess whether there is a clear advantage compared to open surgery.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the learned helplessness in mathematics, problem-solving skills, and cognitive flexibility of the secondary school 8th grade students. The sample consists of 638 8th grade students who attended 18 secondary schools in Muğla province during 2016-2017 school year. The data of the study was collected using the "The Learned Helplessness Scale in Mathematics" developed by Uysal-Koğ (2012), the "Problem Solving Inventory in Children" developed by Serin, Serin, and Saygılı, (2010), and "Cognitive Flexibility Scale" developed by Çelikkaleli (2014a). Significant correlations in negative direction were found between 8th grade students’ learned helplessness of mathematics, and problem solving skills and cognitive flexibility scores according to the first finding obtained from the study, significant positive correlation between problem solving skills and cognitive flexibility scores of the students. Secondly, problem-solving skills and cognitive flexibility scores predicted to learned helplessness in mathematics scores of the students significantly. Lastly, the cognitive flexibility of secondary school students played a partial mediating role between problem solving skills and learned helplessness towards mathematics. Findings are discussed and interpreted in the light of the literature. © Karadeniz Technical University. All rights reserved.

A 38-year-old woman presented with a lifelong history of involuntary urinary leakage. The patient reported that she had been operated for her urinary leakage with the diagnosis of stress incontinence with transobturator tape two times at two different institutions. Preoperative computed tomography scan showed complete duplication of the left kidney with poorly functioning upper pole and a tortuous left dilated ureter running down and opening into the vagina. Laparoscopic left upper pole heminephrectomy and ureterectomy were performed uneventfully. Her incontinence improved immediately after surgery.