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© 2022 by Turkish Society of Hematology Turkish Journal of Hematology, Published by Galenos Publishing House.Objective: Patients with solid malignancies are more vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection than the healthy population. The outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in highly immunosuppressed populations, such as in patients with hematological malignancies, is a point of interest. We aimed to analyze the symptoms, complications, intensive care unit admissions, and mortality rates of patients with hematological malignancies infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Turkey. Materials and Methods: In this multicenter study, we included 340 adult and pediatric patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 from March to November 2020. Diagnosis and status of primary disease, treatment schedules for hematological malignancies, time from last treatment, life expectancy related to the hematological disease, and comorbidities were recorded, together with data regarding symptoms, treatment, and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: Forty four patients were asymptomatic at diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among symptomatic patients, fever, cough, and dyspnea were observed in 62.6%, 48.8%, and 41.8%, respectively. Sixty-nine (20%) patients had mild SARS-CoV-2 disease, whereas moderate, severe, and critical disease was reported in 101 (29%), 71 (20%), and 55 (16%) patients, respectively. Of the entire cohort, 251 (73.8%) patients were hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2. Mortality related to SARS-CoV-2 infection was 26.5% in the entire cohort; this comprised 4.4% of those patients with mild disease, 12.4% of those with moderate disease, and 83% of those with severe or critical disease. Active hematological disease, lower life expectancy related to primary hematological disease, neutropenia at diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, ICU admission, and first-line therapy used for coronavirus disease-2019 treatment were found to be related to higher mortality rates. Treatments with hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin were associated with a higher rate of mortality in comparison to favipiravir use. Conclusion: Patients with hematological malignancy infected with SARS-CoV-2 have an increased risk of severe disease and mortality.

Son yıllarda oyunlaştırma yöntemi birçok alanda kullanılmakla beraber özellikle yükseköğretim de ön plana çıkmaktadır. Yapılan son çalışmalar taşımacılık alanında özellikle lojistik üzerine oyunlaştırma yönteminin yoğun bir şekilde öğrenci eğitim motivasyonunu arttırmada kullanıldığını göstermektedir. Ancak taşımacılığın her kolunda (örneğin, denizcilik veya sivil havacılık) oyunlaştırma yönteminin değeri tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Bu yüzden ana çalışmanın amacı, denizcilik eğitiminde oyunlaştırma üzerine yapılan çalışmaları derleyerek gelecekte yapılacak olan diğer çalışmalar için bir teorik bir zemin hazırlamaktır. Çalışmada yöntem olarak geleneksel derleme türünde bir literatür çalışması tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları göstermektedir ki, son yıllarda denizcilik eğitiminde az da olsa oyunlaştırma yönteminin öğrenci motivasyonu üzerinde kullanıldığı ve eğitime katılımı arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu makalenin oyunlaştırma yönteminin denizcilik eğitimi alanında kullanımı üzerine araştırmacılara yeni ufuklar açacağı düşünülmektedir., Although the gamification method has been used in many fields in recent years, it especially becomes more important in higher education. Recent studies show that the gamification methodology, especially on logistics, is used extensively in the field of transportation to increase student education motivation. However, the value of the gamification method in every branch of transport (i.e. maritime or civil aviation) is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of the main study is to compile the studies on gamification in maritime education and to prepare a theoretical basis for other future studies. A narrative based literature review was preferred as a methodology in the study. The results of the study show that, in recent years, it has been determined that the gamification methodology in maritime education has been used on student motivation and increased participation in education. It is thought that this paper will open new horizons for researchers on the making use of gamification in the field of maritime education.

Objective: Patients with solid malignancies are more vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection than the healthy population. The outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in highly immunosuppressed populations, such as in patients with hematological malignancies, is a point of interest. We aimed to analyze the symptoms, complications, intensive care unit admissions, and mortality rates of patients with hematological malignancies infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Turkey. Materials and Methods: In this multicenter study, we included 340 adult and pediatric patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 from March to November 2020. Diagnosis and status of primary disease, treatment schedules for hematological malignancies, time from last treatment, life expectancy related to the hematological disease, and comorbidities were recorded, together with data regarding symptoms, treatment, and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: Forty four patients were asymptomatic at diagnosis of SARS CoV-2 infection. Among symptomatic patients, fever, cough, and dyspnea were observed in 62.6%, 48.8%, and 41.8%, respectively. Sixty nine (20%) patients had mild SARS-CoV-2 disease, whereas moderate, severe, and critical disease was reported in 101 (29%), 71 (20%), and 55 (16%) patients, respectively. Of the entire cohort, 251 (73.8%) patients were hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2. Mortality related to SARS-CoV-2 infection was 26.5% in the entire cohort; this comprised 4.4% of those patients with mild disease, 12.4% of those with moderate disease, and 83% of those with severe or critical disease. Active hematological disease, lower life expectancy related to primary hematological disease, neutropenia at diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, ICU admission, and first-line therapy used for coronavirus disease-2019 treatment were found to be related to higher mortality rates. Treatments with hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin were associated with a higher rate of mortality in comparison to favipiravir use. Conclusion: Patients with hematological malignancy infected with SARS-CoV-2 have an increased risk of severe disease and mortality.

Original versus generic lenalidomide in patients with relapsed multipl myeloma: Comprasion of effectivity and adverse events Ali Zahit Bolaman1, Sehmus Ertop2 Atakan Turgutkaya1, Cem Selim, 1 Ayse Hilal Eroglu Kucukerdiler1, Birsen Sahip2, Irfan Yavasoglu1. 1 Adnan Menderes University, School of Medicine, Department of Hematology AYDIN/TURKEY 2 Bulent Ecevit University School of Medicine, Department of Hematology ZONGULDAK/TURKEY Backround: Lenalidomide is an effective IMID derivative drug in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. Lenalidomide is available as original and generic forms in our country. So far, there is no any clinical study comparing generic and original lenalidomine for effectivity and adverse events. We compared generic and original lenalidomide effects and adverse events (AEs) in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (RMM). Methods: The patients with RMM using original or generic lenalidomide were evaluated as retrospectively. Overall response (OR), complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR), partial response (PR), stable disease and progressive disease rates and also for adverse events, development rates of neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, febrile neutropenia, anorexia, constipation diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, creatinine increase, transaminase increase, asthenia, fatigue, pyrexia, peripheral edema, upper respiratory system infection, pneumonia, another infection, muscle cramp, back pain, bone pain, muscle weakness, arthralgia, headache, tremor, paresthesia, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesaemia, skin dry and skin erythema were investigated in myeloma patients. All data were analyzed using the PASW for Windows version 19.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The results were described as a number, frequency, and percentage. The chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test were used for the analysis of categorical data and independence between variables. The results were assessed at 95% confidence interval and p-value of less than 0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: The number of patients using original lenalidomide was 55 and the number of patients using generic lenalidomide was 43. OR rate was 60 % versus 39.5% in patients using original and generic lenalidomide, respectively. CR rate was 14.5%, VGPR was rate 45.4% in original group while CR rate was 20.9 and VGPR 18.6 in patients using generic lenalidomide. AEs were low in original lenalidomide group than generic group. AEs were usually grade 1 or 2. Response and AEs rates are shown in Table 1. Conclusion: Our study showed original and generic forms of lenalidomide are effective for the treatment of RMM. OR rate was higher in original lenalidomide than generic lenalidomide. The AEs of original lenalidomide were lower than generic lenalidomide without statistically significance. Further studies involving a larger number of patients with RMM would be useful for comparing the efficacy and AEs of original or generic lenalidomide. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

ÖZET Çalışmamızda, HîP'li, EP'li hastalardan ve periodontal olarak sağ lıklı bireylerden alınan, periferal kan nötrofilleri, salya ve dişeti cep sıvısı örneklerinde MPO aktivite seviyeleri çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca klinik olarak cep derinlikleri, dişeti iltihabının şiddeti, sondlamada kanama varlığı ve bakteriye! plak birikimi değerleri de saptanmıştır. Hasta gruplarındaki tüm klinik parametreler, kontrol grubuna kıyasla önemli derecede yüksek bulundu. Klinik parametrelere ilişkin en yüksek değerler HÎP grubunda bulunmuş olup, bu değerler bu hastalık grubunda görülen şiddetli yıkımın göstergesi olabilir. MPO aktivite değerleri salya ve dişeti cep sıvısı örneklerine kıyas la en yüksek olarak nötrofillerde bulundu, bu da bu enzimin nötrofil kaynaklı olduğunu desteklemektedir. Nötrofil MPO değerleri hasta gruplarında, kontrol grubuna göre önemli oranda yüksek bulundu. Oç grup arasındaki en yüksek nötrofil MPO aktivitesi HÎP grubunda bulundu. Salya MPO aktivite değerleri de ayni şekilde en yüksek olarak HÎP grubunda bulundu. DCS MPO aktivite değerleri en yüksek olarak HÎP grubunda bulunurken, bu değer diğer iki gruba göre önemli oranda yüksek bulundu. Çalışmamızın sonuçları, MPO aktivitesi artışının, HîP'li hastalardaki aktif ve hızlı periodontal yıkımla ilişkili olabileceğini göstermek tedir. MPO enzim aktivitesinin artışı, nötrofillerin sayıca artışına ve konakçı cevabı esnasında bakteri plağı içinde yer alan periodontopatik mikroorganizmaların salgıladıkları toksinler neticesinde nötrofillerin degradasyonuna bağlanabilir. ÖZET Çalışmamızda, HîP'li, EP'li hastalardan ve periodontal olarak sağ lıklı bireylerden alınan, periferal kan nötrofilleri, salya ve dişeti cep sıvısı örneklerinde MPO aktivite seviyeleri çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca klinik olarak cep derinlikleri, dişeti iltihabının şiddeti, sondlamada kanama varlığı ve bakteriye! plak birikimi değerleri de saptanmıştır. Hasta gruplarındaki tüm klinik parametreler, kontrol grubuna kıyasla önemli derecede yüksek bulundu. Klinik parametrelere ilişkin en yüksek de ğerler HÎP grubunda bulunmuş olup, bu değerler bu hastalık grubunda görü len şiddetli yıkımın göstergesi olabilir. MPO aktivite değerleri salya ve dişeti cep sıvısı örneklerine kıyas la en yüksek olarak nötrofillerde bulundu, bu da bu enzimin nötrofil kay naklı olduğunu desteklemektedir. Nötrofil MPO değerleri hasta gruplarında, kontrol grubuna göre önemli oranda yüksek bulundu. Oç grup arasındaki en yüksek nötrofil MPO aktivitesi HÎP grubunda bulundu. Salya MPO aktivite değerleri de ayni şekilde en yüksek olarak HÎP grubunda bulundu. DCS MPO aktivite değerleri en yüksek olarak HÎP grubunda bulunurken, bu değer di ğer iki gruba göre önemli oranda yüksek bulundu. Çalışmamızın sonuçları, MPO aktivitesi artışının, HîP'li hastalar- daki aktif ve hızlı periodontal yıkımla ilişkili olabileceğini göstermek tedir. MPO enzim aktivitesinin artışı, nötrofillerin sayıca artışına ve konakçı cevabı esnasında bakteri plağı içinde yer alan periodontopatik mikroorganizmaların salgıladıkları toksinler neticesinde nötrofillerin degradasyonuna bağlanabilir. 68