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BackgroundBody experience is an important facet of psychosocial functioning and health. However, to date no test exists to measure body experience in adults with mild intellectual disability and borderline intellectual functioning (MID-BIF). We therefore adapted the Body Experience Questionnaire (BEQ) to this group, resulting in the BEQ-mb, and evaluated its usability, comprehensibility, and reliability.MethodThe BEQ-mb was developed in five stages: concept development, focus group, verbal reports, pilot testing, and evaluation.ResultsThe BEQ-mb is applicable in, and comprehensible by, adults with MID-BIF. Internal consistency is good for the total scale and the body awareness and body satisfaction subscales, but low for the body attitude subscale. Test–retest reliability is excellent for the total scale and the subscales.ConclusionThe BEQ-mb unlocks new opportunities for clinical examination and research on body experience. Future research is needed to investigate its structural validity.

Common method variance refers to the amount of uncontrolled systematic error leading to biased estimates of scale reliability and validity and to spurious covariance shared among variables due to c...

This study examined the relationships among three measurement methodologies that are used to assess characteristics and processes associated with creativity (i.e., a self-report questionnaire, teacher ratings, and a structured interview). In addition, we examined the predictive contributions of these three measurement methodologies for a divergent thinking test (Torrance Test of Creative Thinking-Figural; TTCT-F). Participants were 89 adolescents in the Midwestern United States. Results revealed that the self-report questionnaire and structured interview measure of self-efficacy correlated significantly (r = .34), but no other significant relationships among measurement methodologies were observed. Neither the self-report ratings nor teacher ratings significantly predicted performance on the TTCT-F, but the structured interview measures did.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The current resources related to chronic disease and disaster preparedness focus on chronic disease in general and do not examine the unique needs and vulnerabilities of p...

Aims Benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZ‐RAs) are frequently prescribed to treat insomnia; however, their long‐term use is not recommended. To introduce an appropriate pharmaco‐therapy, the current state and background factors of BZ‐RAs' dependence must be elucidated. In this study, we developed a Japanese version of the Benzodiazepine Dependence Self‐Report Questionnaire (Bendep‐SRQ‐J) and conducted a study of BZ‐RAs' use disorder. Methods The Bendep‐SRQ‐J was created with permission from the original developer. Subjects were inpatients and outpatients receiving BZ‐RAs between 2012 and 2013. Clinical data collected were Bendep‐SRQ‐J scores, sleep disorders for which BZ‐RAs were prescribed, physical comorbidities, psychotropic drugs, and lifestyle factors. Logistic analysis was performed to extract factors associated with severe symptoms. Results Of the 707 patients prescribed BZ‐RAs, 324 had voluntarily tapered or discontinued their drugs. Logistic analysis showed that the total number of drugs administered in the last 6 months correlated with both worsening of symptoms or conditions. This was more notable among younger patients, and the proportion of patients with severe symptoms or conditions increased with the increasing number of drugs. Conclusion Using the Bendep‐SRQ‐J, we elucidated the current state of BZ‐RA dependence. Nearly half of the patients were non‐compliant. The proportion of patients with severe symptoms or disease conditions increased with the increase in the number of drugs administered. These findings highlight the need for clinicians to be aware of the likelihood of benzodiazepine dependence, especially in young patients and patients prescribed multiple hypnotics., Using the Bendep‐SRQ‐J, we elucidated the current state of BZ‐RA dependence. Nearly half of the patients were non‐compliant.

The main aim of this study is to build a new observational coding system for sibling interactions (Sistema de Codificacion de Interacciones entre Hermanos – SCIH) and to analyze its psychometric pr...

ZusammenfassungZur Erfassung zentraler Merkmale der Muskeldysmorphie, die als Subtyp der Körperdysmorphen Störung klassifiziert wird, steht für den englischsprachigen Raum das Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory (MDI) zur Verfügung. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Studie war die psychometrische Überprüfung der deutschsprachigen Version des MDI. Hierzu bearbeiteten männliche Teilnehmer zweier separater Stichproben (Stichprobe 1: n=143; Stichprobe 2: n=71; N=214) eine Fragebogenbatterie inklusive des MDI. Anhand einer konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse konnte die von den Autoren der englischsprachigen Originalversion postulierte Faktorenstruktur nicht repliziert werden, wobei annähernd adäquate Fit-Indizes für ein auf Basis der Modifikationsindizes verändertes Modell vorlagen. Für die MDI-Subskalen ergaben sich akzeptable bis sehr gute interne Konsistenzen. Die Retest-Reliabilität über ca. 14 Tage war hoch. Signifikant positive Korrelationen der MDI-Subskalen mit weiteren Körperbild- und Psychopathologiemaßen sowie der Kraftsportfrequenz pro Woche legten eine gute konvergente und Kriteriumsvalidität nahe. Zudem differenzierte das MDI zwischen Subgruppen aus Männern mit einer Muskeldysmorphie sowie Kraft- und Nicht-Kraftsportlern. Mit Ausnahme der Subskala Nutzung von Pharmakologischen Mitteln (NP) mit niedrigerer Reliabilität und Validität sowie der ungenügenden Modellpassung wies die deutschsprachige Übersetzung des MDI insgesamt adäquate psychometrische Kennwerte auf. Die Anwendung in klinisch-psychologischer Forschung sowie therapeutischer Praxis scheint daher – mit Einschränkungen hinsichtlich der Subskala NP – empfehlenswert.

Background: Dental students are at high risk of developing adverse respiratory reactions as a result of their practical work during their dentistry degree program when they come into contact with multiple airborne irritants and allergens. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms of exposure to substances in the workplace and associated risk factors in Bulgarian dental students.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study of dental students at the Plovdiv Medical University and Sofia Medical University was performed by using a self-report questionnaire. A total of 467 dental students completed the questionnaire (response rate 51.8%). Results: The prevalence of self-reported respiratory symptoms related to the pre-clinical and clinical training courses of the dentistry program was 12.4%. According to logistic regression analysis, the most important risk factors for work-related respiratory symptoms were a personal history of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (odds ratio (OR) 6.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.14-12.78), atopic dermatitis (OR 2.81, 95%CI: 1.26-6.26), and exposure to chemicals from dental environment for more than 6 hours a day (OR 3.60, 95%CI: 1.21-10.70). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that work-related respiratory symptoms are frequent among dental students and indicate the need for efforts to establish effective primary preventive programs for occupational respiratory disorders at national level.

Purpose Emotional eating is a trans-diagnostic dimension in eating disorders and is present in many other conditions that could affect eating attitudes. At present, there is no instrument that measures emotional eating evaluating both the intensity and the frequency of emotion-induced desire to eat. The aim of the study was the validation of the Florence Emotional Eating Drive (FEED). Methods A sample of healthy volunteers was initially enrolled to explore internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The Emotional Eating Scale (EES), Eating Disorders Evaluation-Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Binge Eating Scale (BES) and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90-R), together with the final version of FEED, were administered to a clinical sample composed by patients with eating disorders, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, to explore the underlying structure of the questionnaire and verify its validity. Results FEED showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.96) and test–retest reliability (r = 0.93). FEED scores were higher in patients with BN and BED than in AN patients, negatively correlated with age and positively with BES and EES. Multiple regression analysis showed that FEED, but not EES, was independently associated with SCL-90-R and EDE-Q scores. Conclusion FEED internal consistency and test–retest reliability were excellent. The addition of specific questions on the frequency of behaviours led to a better component structure and robustness compared to EES. A tool that reliably and specifically assesses eating behaviours driven by emotional states may be extremely useful in clinical settings. Level of evidence Level V, cross-sectional study.

Background: Pharmacists are increasingly involved in strategies to fight antimicrobial resistance by ensuring optimised antibiotic (AB) use, including adherence support. Successful adherence interventions should be tailored to patients’ barriers and validated instruments are needed. This study aimed to identify adherence barriers to AB treatment, develop a self-report questionnaire, and validate it in outpatients. Method: Adherence barriers were identified through a systematic literature search and focus group discussion. Unmodifiable and irrelevant barriers were excluded from further processing. A validation study assessed the questionnaire’s internal reliability and construct validity by comparing the questionnaire’s score with electronically monitored adherence data. Results: A 15-item questionnaire was created. Overall, 68 patients were included in the construct validation analysis (60.3% female). The mean consecutive taking adherence was 88% and the most frequently reported barriers were “worries about side-effects” (37%) and “having swallowing difficulties” (19%). Three items were excluded from the questionnaire, which was supported by an increase of Cronbach’s alpha (0.69 to 0.70). The 12-item version’s score correlated significantly with medication adherence rate (r = −0.34, p &lt, 0.01). Conclusion: The self-report questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool to pre-emptively assess adherence barriers in outpatients prescribed ABs. In the future, appropriate adherence interventions can be matched to barriers and tested in a pilot intervention study.

Despite the growth of research on translation and interpreting, measures of competence in such activities typically stem from informal, non-validated instruments. This scenario casts doubts on the ...

Abstract. This study aims to examine whether Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) related preoccupations might consist of unwanted intrusive cognitions, and if so, their degree of universality, its dimensionality from normality to BDD psychopathology, and their associations with symptom measures. The Appearance Intrusions Questionnaire (AIQ) was designed to assess intrusive thoughts related to appearance defects (AITs). A sample of 410 undergraduate university students completed a former 54-item version of the AIQ. Principal Components Analyses (PCA) and Parallel Analysis yielded a five-factor structure and a reduction to 27 items. The 27-items AIQ was examined in a new sample of 583 non-clinical community participants. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFAs) grouped the AITs in five factors: Defect-related, Others-related, Concealment, Bodily functions, and Urge to do something. Up to 90% of the participants experienced AITs. The AIQ scores were more associated with BDD, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and body image measures than with worry, suggesting that AITs are closer to obsessional intrusions than to worries. The new AIQ might be a valid and reliable measure of AITs and would help to reliably detect individuals at risk for BDD in nonclinical populations using a brief self-report.

Validation of a twin zygosity-estimating questionnaire, The Questionnaire of Twins’ Physical Resemblance, created by Oniszczenko et al. and used in European and Serbian twin studies, was carried out on a sample of 222 pairs (176 monozygotic, 46 dizygotic) of adult twins (average age 24.6). Four discriminant functions, use of different sets of indicators (zygosity questionnaire items), were applied in order to obtain the most correct and accurate estimates of zygosity. The first function was a predefined function used in European twin studies, the following two functions contained sets of 18 and 24 freely estimated indicators respectively, while the last one utilized the items with most consistent contributions to zygosity prediction. The analytic procedure included cross-validation, whereby the sample was randomly split into two subsamples, comprising 107 and 115 twin pairs. The results pointed to successful (over 90% correct) identification of monozygotic twins, and sizeably lower correctness in identifying dizygotic twins. Overall correctness of estimation exceeded 90%, with the small set of best-performing indicators. The results encourage questionnaire estimation of zygosity, and raise the issue of improving the classification procedure in dizygotic twins.

Objectives: Emotional dysregulation (ED) in adult ADHD is frequent but definition and tools for its evaluation are not consensual. Our aim was to determine the core ADHD symptomatic domains via the Self-Reported Wender-Reimherr Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (SR-WRAADDS) following its validation in a large clinical sample of adults with ADHD and controls. Method: Three hundred sixty-nine adult patients with ADHD and 251 healthy participants completed the SR-WRAADDS and questionnaires about ADHD, depression, and ED. We analyzed the psychometric properties of the SR-WRAADDS and a factor analysis yielded symptomatic domains. Results: The SR-WRAADDS has good reliability. The 30 symptoms were best organized in a four-factor solution: attention/disorganization, hyperactivity/restlessness, impulsivity/emotional outbursts, and emotional lability. Conclusions: The symptomatic structure of the SR-WRAADDS includes two distinct dimensions related to ED: “impulsivity/emotional outbursts” and “emotional lability.” The SR-WRAADDS is a reliable and clinically useful tool that assesses all ADHD symptom domains, including facets of ED.

Background Non-adherence (NA) to immunosuppressive drugs is to date considered a crucial issue in kidney transplanted patients (KTRs), leading to de novo donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (dnDSA) development, acute and chronic rejection, and at least graft loss. However, NA assessment is challenging, often leading to underestimation in real-life settings. Methods NA evaluation in all KTRs referred to our post-transplantation clinic in the period between 01/01-15/07/2018 with self-report questionnaire combined to intra-patient variability (IPV) of the pivotal immunosuppressive drug (based on trough levels of tacrolimus/mTOR inhibitor). Results Based on both questionnaire and IPV, 86 out of the 504 tested KTRs (17%) were classified as NA. Male gender (OR, 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 3.4), high educational level (OR for KTRs with a degree, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.0 to 3.1]), employment (OR, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.2 to 3.3]), young age at transplantation (p=0.017), longer time on the waiting list and after transplantation (p= 0.027 and 0.049 respectively) were all associated with NA. High IPV was mostly documented in KTRs treated with the twice-daily formulation of the immunosuppressive drug (OR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.0 to 2.1]) and better associated with dnDSA appearance (OR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.1 to 3.9]). Conclusions NA is a significant problem, difficult to assess, and can lead to dnDSA development also in our population. Identifying risk factors for NA might be an underestimated tool to improve graft and patient outcome in KTRs.

The aim of our research was to construct and validate a Russian version of the RAADS-14 (the RAADS-14 Rus), a brief self-report questionnaire designed for assessment of autistic traits, to provide a reference point in developing autism self-assessment tools in Russian-speaking population. The data were collected for 1724 participants, including a general sample of non-psychiatric young adults (n=849) and adults with ASD (n=49). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the RAADS-14 Rus has the same factor structure as the original Swedish version yielding acceptable fit indices. The discriminating properties, however, were substantially worse than in the original study (AUC = .92 vs .99); it stems from higher mean RAADS-14 scores for the Russian control sample vs the original controls (mean = 13.9 vs 3.9) confirming prior anecdotal evidences of greater mean scores yielded by international ASD assessment tools on Russian-speaking populations. The correlations between the RAADS-14 Rus domain scores and the Big Five factors were similar to previously obtained findings. The results of the study indicate that the RAADS-14 Rus can be used for assessment of autistic traits and, with some reservations, as an ASD screening tool for adult Russian-speaking population. Further research is necessary to develop more precise screening tools.

To cross-cultural translate the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) to Taiwan-Chinese version (CAIT-TW), and to evaluate the validity, reliability and cutoff score of CAIT-TW for Taiwan-Chinese athletic population.The English version of CAIT was translated to CAIT-TW based on a guideline of cross-cultural adaptation. 77 and 58 Taiwanese collegial athletes with and without chronic ankle instability filled out CAIT-TW, Taiwan-Chinese version of Lower Extremity Functional Score (LEFS-TW) and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The construct validity, test-retest reliability, internal consistency and cutoff score of CAIT-TW were evaluated.In construct validity, the Spearman's correlation coefficients were moderate (CAIT-TW vs LEFS-TW: Rho = 0.39,The CAIT-TW is a valid and reliable tool to differentiate between stable and instable ankles in athletes and may further apply for research or daily practice in Taiwan.Implications for rehabilitationFor athletes, chronic ankle instability is prevalent and causes negative sequela, such as lowered quality of daily life, affected functional performance, and may cause post traumatic osteoarthritis.The psychometric properties of the Taiwan-Chinese version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool showed moderate to strong construct validity, excellent test retest reliability, a good internal consistency and a cutoff score of 21.5.The validity and reliability of the Taiwan-Chinese version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool are to enable clinicians to evaluate and manage ankle instability in Taiwanese who speaks Mandarin Chinese.

The general aim of our research was to construct and validate a Russian version of the RAADS-14 (the RAADS-14 Rus), a short self-report questionnaire designed for ASD screening, to provide the initial reference point in developing the body of instruments for assessing autistic traits in Russian-speaking adult population. This measure was chosen due to its good psychometric characteristics, reported ability to provide initial assessment for differential diagnosis, and simplicity of use. The data were collected for the total of 1569 adults, including groups of non-psychiatrical controls (n=849), adults with self-diagnosed ASD (n=91), and adults with clinically established ASD (n=25). The RAADS-14 Rus is characterized by good reliability and satisfactory construct and discriminative validity. The factor structure of the RAADS-14 Rus is similar to the factor structure of the original version and includes three domains: Social mentalizing, Social anxiety, and Sensory and cognitive perception, the between-factor correlations varying from .25 to .51. According to the initial assessment, the discriminative properties are also good (AUC = .88). The mean values of the RAADS-14 total scores for the non-psychiatrical population were notably higher than the original RAADS-14 total scores (median = 13 compared to 3) confirming prior anecdotal evidences of greater mean scores yielded by international ASD assessment tools on Russian-speaking populations. The correlations of the RAADS-14 Rus total score with the Big Five personality trait scores were similar to the data previously obtained for other national samples.The results of the study indicate that RAADS-14 Rus is a promising tool for ASD screening and can become one of the first stepping-stones in establishing a comprehensive system of ASD assessment and diagnostics for adult Russian-speaking population.

Instruments for evaluating the progress and outcome of systemic therapeutic treatments in clinical practice need to be easily administered and have sound psychometric properties. The Systemic Clinical Outcome and Routine Evaluation, 15-item version (SCORE-15), is a self-report instrument that measures aspects of family functioning. This study investigates the psychometric qualities of a Swedish version of SCORE-15. Seventy Swedish families with healthy children and 159 families with children with psychiatric or behavioural problems were included in the study, resulting in a total of 397 individuals. Results showed that SCORE-15 differentiated clinical from non-clinical families with acceptable psychometric properties for test-retest, internal consistency, convergent and construct validity, as well as sensitivity to change for the clinical sample. The three-factor solution of strengths, difficulties and communication was tested. Results imply preliminary psychometric support for the use of the Swedish version of SCORE-15 to evaluate progress and outcome in clinical practice. Practitioner points SCORE-15 is an easily administered questionnaire suitable for use in clinical practice to evaluate systemic therapeutic progress and outcome The Swedish version of SCORE-15 has acceptable psychometric properties

Although conscious aspects of attachment representations can be effectively assessed in middle childhood, the few available self-reports are based on different operationalizations of attachment and do not always show adequate psychometric properties. The current study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Attachment in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (AMCQ). Using three independent samples of Italian children ( Mage = 10 years, 52% = girls), in three interrelated studies we (1) selected a pool of items from existing questionnaires, adapted them to the same response format, and subjected them to exploratory factor analysis; (2) performed confirmatory factor analyses on the retained items; and (3) used structural equation modeling to assess the factor structure, external validity, and invariance across gender and age groups. The final 15-item questionnaire comprised two dimensions (anxiety and avoidance) and a supplementary scale (security). Overall, results supported the reliability and validity of the AMCQ for Italian children.

Na última década o uso de agrotóxicos no Brasil cresceu expressivamente tornando o país um dos maiores consumidores mundiais destes produtos. Além disso, estudos evidenciam que os agrotóxicos possuem capacidade neurotóxica e podem levar a transtornos mentais, problemas de ansiedade e quadros depressivos em trabalhadores expostos O objetivo do estudo foi determinar sintomas físicos e psicoemocionais de trabalhadores rurais expostos ocupacionalmente aos agrotóxicos a partir do instrumento Self- Report – Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Tratou-se de uma pesquisa exploratória com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida com 100 trabalhadores rurais, sendo 50 deles agricultores que trabalham diretamente na aplicação de agrotóxicos e 50 moradores de áreas rurais que não trabalham com aplicação de agrotóxicos. Foram definidos como critérios de inclusão, homens, com idade entre 18 a 49 anos, que residissem em áreas rurais. Os dados foram coletados a partir de entrevistas norteadas por dois instrumentos: uma entrevista individual utilizando um questionário que buscou captar informações sobre exposição dos trabalhadores aos agrotóxicos e um instrumento para avaliar sofrimento mental denominado Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). A média de idade dos trabalhadores entrevistados foi de 40 anos com desvio padrão de 9,24. O tempo médio de trabalho na aplicação de agrotóxicos foi de 20 anos, com tempo máximo de 41 e mínimo de 4 anos. Em relação ao grau de instrução, 58% dos agricultores possuem ensino fundamental incompleto e 26% ensino médio completo. Evidenciou-se que 30% dos agricultores que trabalham diretamente na aplicação dos agrotóxicos apresentam sofrimento mental segundo o instrumento aplicado. Para o grupo dos que não aplicam o valor correspondeu a 34%. Não foi possível identificar em nosso estudo uma relação direta entre a aplicação de agrotóxicos e sofrimento mental (p=0,983). ABSTRACTIn the last decade, the use of agrochemicals in Brazil has grown significantly, making the country one of the world's largest consumers of these products. In addition, studies show that pesticides have neurotoxic capacity and can lead to mental disorders, anxiety problems and depressive disorders in exposed workers. The objective of the study was to determine the physical and psychoemotional symptoms of rural workers occupationally exposed to pesticides from the Self- Report - Questionnaire (SRQ-20). It was an exploratory research with quantitative approach, developed with 100 rural workers, 50 of them of farmers who work directly in the application of pesticides and 50 inhabitants of rural areas that do not work with application of pesticides. Men, aged 18 to 49 years, who lived in rural areas were defined as inclusion criteria. The data were collected based on interviews guided by two instruments: an individual interview using a questionnaire that sought to gather information about workers' exposure to pesticides and an instrument to evaluate mental suffering called Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). The mean age of the workers interviewed was 40 years, with a standard deviation of 9.24. The average working time in the application of agrochemicals was 20 years, with a maximum time of 41 and a minimum of 4 years. Regarding the level of education, 58% of the farmers have incomplete elementary education and 26% complete secondary education. It was evidenced that 30% of farmers who work directly in the application of pesticides present mental suffering according to the applied instrument. For the group of those who do not apply the value corresponded to 34%. It was not possible to identify in our study a direct relationship between the application of pesticides and mental suffering (p = 0.983).

To determine if adolescent athletes with a history of lateral ankle sprain(s) (LAS) displayed deficits on functional performance tests (FPTs) and if deficits on FPT were related to the number of previous LAS.Cross-sectional study.Biomechanics Laboratory.The injured group (n = 24) had a history of ≥1 moderate-severe LAS. The uninjured group (n = 34) had no history of LAS.The average reach distance of three trials in each direction of the star excursion balance test (SEBT) was normalized to leg length (%). The average of two trials of single-leg-hop test (SLHT) was calculated in seconds.The injured group performed significantly worse in 3 directions of SEBT than the uninjured group (P 0.05). SLHT was significantly slower in the injured group compared to the uninjured group (P 0.05). Statistically significant, strong to moderate inverse relationships were found between the numbers of LAS and each of the three directions of the SEBT (P ≤ 0.01). No relationship was revealed between the number of LAS and the SLHT (P 0.05).Adolescent athletes with a history of LAS exhibit functional performance deficits on the SEBT and SLHT. Therefore, the SEBT and SLHT may provide clinicians cost- and time-effective objective tools.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between academic emotions and self- efficacy in predicting mathematics achievement of secondary school students. A random sample of 300 form three students (150 males, 150 females) was selected from public secondary schools in Central Division, Machakos County, Kenya. Correlation research design was adopted and data collected using a self report questionnaire. Analysis of examination records was done to obtain data on mathematics achievement. Relationships were determined using Pearson product-moment correlation method while t-test for independent samples was used to determine gender differences between students’ academic emotions, self-efficacy and mathematics achievement. Results revealed a significant relationship between students academic emotions, self-efficacy and mathematics achievement. Significant gender differences were found in students’ academic emotions and self-efficacy. The findings are useful in helping students to develop control over the process of learning mathematics and attach high value to the subject, which lead to development of positive emotions which have a positive correlation to academic achievement.

Background: The scope of emotional competence and the definition of individual differences therein is still a matter of scientific debate. So, too, is the inclusion of emotional awareness as an important feature of emotional competence. Aim of the study: To explore levels of emotional awareness in relation to a predefined six factors model. This study will also examine the ability to measure emotional competence with empirical research. Material and methods: For this study, a self–report questionnaire (EA Q30) is used to s assesses emotional awareness in children. Here, emotional awareness is described as the “ability of people to differentiate, express, analyze and pay attention to their own emotions and those of others” emotions and those of others”. Participants were recruited as a representative group of N = 27 11-year-old children. Results: We found that scores in two dimensions –‘acting out emotions’ and ‘bodily awareness’, were lower in comparison to the other four dimensions from the emotional awareness measure. Conclusions: Individual differences in emotional awareness have shown to have a significant impact on important life outcomes for children and adolescents, including mental and physical health, successful academic behavior and achievement, and social relationships. It is important to proceed with attempts to measure emotional awareness in young people with valid empirical investigations, and to develop new models for emotional training that are capable of enhancing emotional functioning.

BACKGROUND There are different instruments to measure energy expenditure in general population, but we do not know whether these instruments can be used in people with intellectual disability. METHODS A sample of 33 participants was invited to wear a triaxial accelerometer during seven consecutive days. Energy expenditure was measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Version (IPAQ-S) to gather data regarding the participant's descriptions of the physical activity performed. RESULTS Agreement between the accelerometers and IPAQ-S in terms of energy expenditure measurements was not reached (P > 0.05). A significant correlation was found between moderate metabolic equivalent of tasks measured with accelerometers and vigorous metabolic equivalent of tasks measured with the IPAQ-S (r = -0.351 [P = 0.045]). CONCLUSION The main conclusion of this study was a level of discrepancy between measurements taken using the IPAQ-S and the accelerometers in people with intellectual disability.

Purpose: To develop a short, psychometrically robust and responsive cataract patient reported outcome measure suitable for use in high-volume surgical environments.MethodsA prospective study in which participants completed development versions of questionnaires exploring the quality of their eyesight using items harvested from two existing United Kingdom developed parent questionnaires. Participants were 822 patients awaiting cataract surgery recruited from 4 cataract surgical centres based in the UK. Exclusion criteria were other visually significant comorbidities and age

Néhány tanulmány összehasonlította a fizikai aktivitás változását önbevallásos kérdőívvel, illetve objektív mérési módszerekkel is. Jelen esetben a PACE-UP vizsgálat adott erre lehetőséget, melyben az önbevalláson alapuló „Nemzetközi Fizikai Aktivitási Kérdőívet” (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ), valamint a derékra szerelhető akcelerométert, azaz mozgásmérő szerkezetet alkalmazták.

The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of functional performance tests (FPTs) in differentiating between individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and healthy controls.The National Library of Medicine Catalog (PubMed), the Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the SPORTDiscus, from inception to June 2017 were searched. Search terms consisted of: "Functional Performance Test*" OR "Dynamic Balance Test*" OR "Postural Stability Test*" OR "Star Excursion Balance Test*" OR "Hop Test*" AND "Ankle Instability" OR "Ankle Sprain." Included articles assessed differences in FPTs in patients with CAI compared with a control group.Included studies were assessed for methodological quality and level of evidence. Individual and mean effect sizes were also calculated for FPTs from the included articles. Twenty-nine studies met the criteria and were analyzed. The most common FPTs were timed-hop tests, side-hop, multiple-hop test, single-hop for distance, foot-lift test, and the Star Excursion Balance Tests (SEBTs). The side-hop (g = -1.056, P = 0.009, n = 7), timed-hop tests (g = -0.958, P = 0.002, n = 9), multiple-hop test (g = 1.399, P0.001, n = 3), and foot-lift tests (g = -0.761, P = 0.020, n = 3) demonstrated the best utility with large mean effect sizes, whereas the SEBT anteromedial (g = 0.326, P = 0.022, n = 7), medial (g = 0.369, P = 0.006, n = 7), and posteromedial (g = 0.374, P0.001, n = 13) directions had moderate effects.The side-hop, timed-hopping, multiple-hop, and foot-lift seem the best FPTs to evaluate individuals with CAI. There was a large degree of heterogeneity and inconsistent reporting, potentially limiting the clinical implementation of these FPTs. These tests are cheap, effective, alternatives compared with instrumented measures.

Background Symphyseal pain (SP) experienced during pregnancy is a common condition that can negatively influence function and wellbeing. Despite its adverse impact on quality of life, standardised diagnostic criteria for SP as a distinct type of pelvic girdle pain (PGP) are lacking. Objectives To develop a reliable self-administered instrument that could differentiate SP from posterior PGP in pregnant women, and ultimately be used for epidemiological or clinical purposes. Method Qualitative data from 17 women (four focus groups) were used to develop a questionnaire. The questionnaire was tested against physical therapy diagnoses based on clinical assessment in 122 pregnant women with SP (n = 41), posterior PGP (n = 41) or no PGP (n = 40); 30 women repeated the questionnaire a day later to assess reliability. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the performance of candidate items in distinguishing between the groups. Results/findings The single questionnaire item relating to location of worst pain (diagrammatic form) is useful for differentiating SP from posterior PGP and individuals with no PGP. The worst pain location question with the addition of the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire provides a measure of “SP with impact”, and is the best combination for distinguishing SP and posterior PGP. Test-retest reliability scores were excellent. Conclusion These findings provide new opportunities for diagnosing pregnancy-related SP, and highlight questionnaire items which best differentiate SP from posterior PGP. These items could be used in future epidemiological research, and in clinical settings as a quick, effective screening tool.

This paper contains the results of the process of checking the comprehensibility of a self-report questionnaire, called Self-Testing Questionnaire for Reading Difficulties in Adults (ADDA by its abbreviation in Spanish), to detect university students with reading-writing difficulties in Colombian universities. It describes the step of the selection, design, and implementation of the ADDA that was used for this pilot study, in which students from two virtual universities participated: EAN University and Santo Tomas University. The aim is to identify the potentialities of the ADDA for the detection of learning difficulties in the Colombian context. Two studies were performed to check and adapt ADDA. The first study was carried out with two professionals in languages and six expert teachers (focus group) in education, psychology, mathematics, linguistics, and technology. The second one was developed with 30 first year students from different academic programs from both universities. Results show that ADDA can be applied in the Colombian context.

Children and adolescents with epilepsy are at increased risk for anxiety disorder. The aim of this preliminary study was to examine children and adolescents' self-report on state anxiety by utilizing drawings and a structured questionnaire.The sample consisted of 30 patients (7 - 13 years) diagnosed with epilepsy. Each participant was asked to complete self-report questionnaire and to draw two drawings: one depicting himself/herself today and one depicting himself/herself before the illness.The mean score of children and adolescents' state anxiety on the structured questionnaire was moderate, and the administration of the projective Draw-A-Person method added nonverbal approval to this result.The findings indicate that despite potential critiques and limitations of the use of figure drawings as a research tool, future studies can incorporate both art therapy assessments and psychometric measures to address psychosocial aspects of epilepsy in children and adolescent.

The classification of personality disorders (PDs) is in transition. The shortcomings of the categorical PD diagnoses led to the development of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) in Section III of the DSM-5 regarding a dimensional differentiation of severity of personality pathology. Impairments in personality functioning are defined as a general Criterion A for PD. Inspired by the AMPD, the LoPF-Q 12-18 was developed to assess Levels of Personality Functioning (LoPF) dimensionally in adolescents from 12 to 18 years old in self-report. The questionnaire shows good scale reliabilities, good construct validity by demonstrating a systematic variation with pathology in line with theory, and a valuable clinical utility. The results suggest that the LoPF-Q 12-18 questionnaire is a clinically useful instrument to assess personality pathology in young people and that the concept of personality functioning is useful in detecting and describing central impairments of PD pathology at an early stage of development.

Common theoretical models of risky and impulsive behaviors suggest that individuals engage in risky behavior to avoid negative affect or enhance positive affect. However, little research has been done to identify person-centered affective profiles of risky and impulsive behavior, and delineate the individual differences across these profiles. The present study used the Risky, Impulsive, and Self-destructive Behavior Questionnaire in community (N = 439) and incarcerated (N = 262) samples to examine latent affect profiles for risky and impulsive behavior. Four affective profiles emerged: low avoidance and low approach, average avoidance and average approach, high avoidance, and high approach. Conditional probability correlations revealed meaningful differences across these profiles in psychiatric symptomatology, personality characteristics, and behavior. Consideration of affective triggers provides an important framework for dissociating the underlying reasons why individuals engage in risky behavior.

Objectives The diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is often delayed, which affects various clinical outcomes. This study examined the real-world situation of patients with AS during diagnosis and treatment. Methods Data were obtained from 26 tertiary care hospitals in Korea using a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed symptoms, pain, extra-articular manifestations, the initial pattern of pain before diagnosis, factors leading to delayed referral to rheumatology, time until receiving an AS diagnosis, comorbid diseases, treatment status, and disease education needs. Results Between September and October 2019, 1012 patients with AS completed the survey. Of these, 75.8% were men and 51.8% were in their 30s or 40s. Median disease duration was 76 months. The median time to diagnosis with AS was 12 months. When pain occurred, the medical departments most frequently visited first were orthopedic (61.5%) and rheumatology (18.7%) departments. The likelihood of the first visit being to the orthopedic department and the frequency of biologics use increased with the disease duration. The rates of uveitis, depressed mood, and comorbid diseases were higher in the group with delayed diagnosis. Conclusions Physicians should be aware of subtypes of AS that take longer to diagnose and comorbid diseases in the real-world clinical setting.

Introduction: In Canada, there are an estimated 700,000 Veterans of the Canadian military. Veterans are disproportionately prevalent in sub-populations of males, persons with chronic physical conditions, chronic pain, mental health conditions, and those with disabling activity limitations. Veterans are a population of interest to Canadian researchers, but there is no publicly available comprehensive list of Veterans in Canada. This creates a need for a standard set of screening questions suitable for self-report surveys. This article proposes a series of screening questions to identify Canadian Veterans. Methods: The content of the questions were developed considering self-identity, past Canadian surveys, legislation, and relevant characteristics of Canadian military service. Results: The recommended Canadian Veteran identifier questions are: “Have you ever had any Canadian military service? Was this service with the Regular Force? Reserve Force? Navy? Army? Air Force? Are you currently in the Canadian Armed Forces? What year were you released from the Canadian Armed Forces? What year did you join the Canadian Armed Forces?” Discussion: The consistent use of these screening questions allows for comparisons with other studies and will contribute to a better understanding of Veterans in Canada and of the transition from military to civilian life.

Background Aiming to improve the quality of care for patients with a psychotic disorder, the ongoing Pharmacotherapy Monitoring Outcome Survey (PHAMOUS) started in 2006 in four large mental health care organizations in the Northern Netherlands, by adding it to the at that time mandatory Routine Outcome Monitoring program. However, since the cuts in the financial budgets for mental health care, research nurses are increasingly experiencing time-pressure in the assessments. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), part of the assessment, is a time-consuming interview, taking approximately 30 minutes. Therefore, we developed and validated a short self-report questionnaire assessing positive psychotic symptoms, the Brief Positive Symptoms Questionnaire (BPSQ). Methods The BPSQ was added to PHAMOUS and filled in once by patients in four mental health care institutions in 2017 and 2018. The BPSQ consists of nine items and takes about 2–3 minutes to complete. It was validated against the PANSS positive scale and two items of the Health of the Nations Outcome Scale (HoNOS), with item 6 assessing the problems that patients experience due to hallucinations and delusions and item 8 assessing further mental and behavioural problems. Results BPSQ data were obtained from n=287 patients (mean age 47.1 years, 67.6% male). The PANSS was assessed in n=244 and HoNOS data were available for n=156 patients. Scores of one patient were considered unreliable and thus removed from the data set. The BPSQ had a Cronbach’s alpha of .81. Spearman’s correlation coefficient of the BPSQ and the PANSS positive scale was significant (ρ(243) = .63, p < .05). Correlations between the BPSQ and HoNOS items 6 and 8 were significant (ρ(155) = .488, p < .05 and ρ(155) = .251, p < .05 respectively). Post hoc analysis showed that the more severely psychotic the patients were, the less the BPSQ and the PANSS positive scale were corresponding. Discussion Given the medium correlation of the BPSQ with the PANSS positive scale and the low concurrent validity with the two relevant HoNOS items, we argue that the widely used and validated PANSS is indispensable in the PHAMOUS assessment of positive symptoms in a chronic population with psychotic disorders. Replication of this study in first-episode psychotic patients is recommended.

Objective A high unilateral load to the musculoskeletal system is specific for formation dance. Due to the lack of data the aim of this study was the side-related (right – left) analysis of strength- and balance capability subject to injuries, gender and performance standards. Methods N = 51 dancers (m: n = 24, f: m = 27) of two performance levels participated in this cross-sectional study. Double-sided tests of the isometric maximal strength of relevant muscle groups and the balance capability were carried out. The tests were supplemented by a self report questionnaire. Results Tests of the isometric maximal strength in the elite performance level showed significant differences between either side of the body. As to the balance capability, no significant side-related differences could be found in. Correlations between the strength capability and the injuries could be observed in either group. Conclusion The significant strength differences are presumably caused by the right-sided load in the dance-specific movements. The cautious conclusion that movement patterns challenge the stability of either side of the body likewise may be allowed. The increased injury frequency at the muscularly stronger side of the body primarily results from an overload. An additive muscular training should be considered as a preventive measure.

The short Grit Scale (Grit-S) is a self-report questionnaire which measures trait-level perseverance and passion for long term goals. The current study aimed to validate the Italian Grit-S on university students. It was administered to 127 students. Internal consistency, content validity and discriminant validity of the instrument were assessed. An exploratory factor analysis (VARIMAX) confirmed the 2-factors structure of the scale. Content validity was reached with forward-backward translation, achieving semantic equivalence with the original scale. The total Grit-S displayed good internal consistency overall (alpha=.76). It also showed good discriminant validity, as shown by the significant correlations with the RSA [1] and the COPE-NVI [2]. The Italian version of the Grit-S shows good psychometric properties and appears suitable for evaluating grit in Italian setting.

Few trials have compared estimates of change in physical activity (PA) levels using self-reported and objective PA measures when evaluating trial outcomes. The PACE-UP trial offered the opportunity to assess this, using the self-administered International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and waist-worn accelerometry. The PACE-UP trial (N = 1023) compared usual care (n = 338) with two pedometer-based walking interventions, by post (n = 339) or with nurse support (n = 346). Participants wore an accelerometer at baseline and 12 months and completed IPAQ for the same 7-day periods. Main outcomes were weekly minutes, all in ≥10 min bouts as per UK PA guidelines of: i) accelerometer moderate-to-vigorous PA (Acc-MVPA) ii) IPAQ moderate+vigorous PA (IPAQ-MVPA) and iii) IPAQ walking (IPAQ-Walk). For each outcome, 12 month values were regressed on baseline to estimate change. Analyses were restricted to 655 (64%) participants who provided data on all outcomes at baseline and 12 months. Both intervention groups significantly increased their accelerometry MVPA minutes/week compared with control: postal group 42 (95% CI 22, 61), nurse group 43 (95% CI 24, 63). IPAQ-Walk minutes/week also increased: postal 57 (95% CI 2, 112), nurse 43 (95% CI -11, 97) but IPAQ-MVPA minutes/week showed non-significant decreases: postal -11 (95% CI -65, 42), nurse -34 (95% CI -87, 19). Our results demonstrate the necessity of using a questionnaire focussing on the activities being altered, as with IPAQ-Walk questions. Even then, the change in PA was estimated with far less precision than with accelerometry. Accelerometry is preferred to self-report measurement, minimising bias and improving precision when assessing effects of a walking intervention. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN98538934 . Registered 2 March 2012.

Contains fulltext : 191997.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Objectives: Patients' dependency on the therapist or treatment has received little empirical attention. To examine care dependency, we aimed to develop a theory-driven questionnaire based on three hypothetical dimensions (passive-submissive dependency; active-emotional dependency; and lack of perceived alternatives) and to provide a preliminary exploration of several correlates of care dependency. Method: Care dependency, perceived social support, therapeutic alliance, remoralization, and symptom severity were measured in a large cross-sectional sample of 742 outpatients with various psychiatric disorders. Test-retest reliability was established in a smaller patient sample. Results: Findings indicated a reliable questionnaire measuring three unidimensional subscales of care dependency (i.e., submissive dependency, need for contact, and lack of perceived alternatives; α's .74, .81, and .86 respectively; rt1,t2's .78, .76, and .80, respectively). These subscales were all positively correlated with each other and with patients’ self-proclaimed care dependency, but divergent from patients' trait dependency and symptoms of a dependent personality disorder. Moreover, higher levels of care dependency were correlated with lower levels of remoralization and more symptoms severity, and with a better therapeutic alliance. Conclusions: A reliable and valid questionnaire was developed to measure patients' care dependency. Future studies are needed to determine whether care dependency covers an unwanted side-effect or a crucial ingredient of an effective treatment. 18 p.

NEPOMUCENO, Bárbara Barbosa; CARDOSO, Antonio Alan Vieira; XIMENES, Verônica Morais; BARROS, João Paulo Pereira; LEITE, Jáder Ferreira. Mental health, well-being, and poverty: a study in urban and rural communities in Northeastern Brazil. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, Philadelphia, v. 44, n. 1, p. 63-75, 2015 This article analyzes the relations between mental health and well-being in urban and rural contexts marked by poverty. The analysis takes as its basis a quantitative research conducted with 417 adult inhabitants of two communities, one rural and the other urban, in Northeastern Brazil. The data were constructed using questionnaires composed of sociodemo-graphic data, the Personal Wellbeing Index and Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) scales. We found significant differences between the inhabitants of the rural and urban communities regarding well-being and the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD), with a higher average well-being score in the rural context; the urban sample had a higher average regarding the prevalence of CMD. The variable income significantly influenced the SRQ-20 average scores; the same was not observed with well-being scores. Besides, it was observed that there is a negative correlation with well-being and CMD.

Zusammenfassung. Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) ist eine Erkrankung, welche sich im Kindesalter erstmalig manifestiert und bei bis zu 60 % der Betroffenen in Teil- oder Vollausprägung in das Erwachsenenalter persistiert. Dabei charakterisieren sich ADHS-Syndrome nicht als qualitativ auftretende Merkmale, sondern entsprechen Beeinträchtigungen, welche auch in einem gesunden Kollektiv auftreten können, und lediglich in Abhängigkeit ihres Schweregrads eine krankheitswertige Valenz innehaben. Mit Blick auf die Dimensionalität der ADHS-Symptomatik und unter Berücksichtigung epidemiologischer Daten, welche bereits im subklinischen Bereich ADHS-assoziierter Symptome Beeinträchtigungen in der Alltagsfunktionalität Erwachsener berichten, erscheinen daher Referenzwerte, welche eine Einschätzung ADHS-assoziierter Symptome in Bezug auf eine nicht-klinische Stichprobe ermöglichen, wünschenswert. Diese Lücke soll mit der vorliegenden Arbeit geschlossen werden. Es werden altersabhängige Referenzwerte für die Selbstbeurteilungsskala ADHS-SB und die deutsche Übersetzung des halbstandardisierten Wender-Reimherr-Interviews zur Einschätzung ADHS-assoziierter Symptome in einer nicht-klinischen Stichprobe vorgelegt. Ferner unterstützen unsere Ergebnisse bisherige Befunde, dass bereits unterhalb der diagnostischen Schwelle der Klassifikationssysteme psychopathologische Phänomene aus dem ADHS-Spektrum einen negativen Einfluss auf den Lebensalltags der Betroffenen haben können.