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Autonomic computing frameworks are the self overseeing frameworks as indicated by the objectives outlined by the administrator of the system. Incorporation of new elements in framework supported by Autonomic Computing happens as simple as in human body a new cell recreates itself. Autonomic Computing Systems (ACS) are relied upon to accomplish an indistinguishable level of self-direction and inescapability from human autonomic frameworks. Due to the highlights of ACS, the customary security model cannot be connected to ACS any more. The objective of our exploration is to build up a setting based security model and engineering for ACS. Our attention is on self-security highlight of ACS. The self- assurance include is implemented through security settings that we characterize. By considering security settings, security arrangements would dynamic is able to change so as to adapt to new condition.

Even though self-compassion and self-protection are associated with well-being and mental and physical health, qualitative research in this area is very rare. As no study has compared self-compassionate and self-protective responses during the two-chair technique, the aim was to analyze participants’ subjective responses in reacting to self-criticism during the technique and compare self-compassionate and self-protective statements. The research sample comprised 80 participants; 60 women and 20 men (M = 23.86; SD = 5.98). The investigation underwent consensual qualitative analysis. The results showed four main domains for self-compassion and self-protection: cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and interpersonal aspects. In several cases, the participants utilized self-compassion and self-protection simultaneously or subsequently, and both types of responses to some degree supplemented each other or were intertwined. Self-protection and self-compassion are complimentary. Only by combining these two constructs can individuals assertively protect themselves while being kind to themselves and others. In the case of self-compassion, the results confirm several findings from previous studies, but in the case of self-protection, this is the first more detailed exploration of this construct because it has not been studied sufficiently to date.

The United States has made many advances in establishing a culture of acceptance and inclusivity for individuals with disabilities. Through best practices in K-12 education, students with disabilities are becoming more independent and empowered, however, there are many potential risks students with disabilities face, especially in the area of sexual assault or abuse. Individuals with disabilities are three times as likely to be a victim of serious violent crimes than any other population in the United States. To protect these individuals and to help them protect themselves, a potential strategy is to implement a self-protection unit in their physical education. A self-protection unit will teach students four areas of knowledge: awareness, prevention, escape, and recovery. The purpose of this paper is to educate physical education teachers on the incidence of sexual assault and abuse of individuals with disabilities and how they can implement and teach self-protection skills to students with disabilities in physical education.

How can international humanitarian actors support civilians in their efforts to protect themselves during armed conflicts? This study analyzes the wartime interactions between international organiz...

Risk management decisions provide a means to elicit individuals' risk preferences empirically. In such a context, the literature often presumes that the decision to invest in risk management and the benefit of this investment occur contemporaneously. There is, however, no consensus in the theoretical literature that one-period results can be transferred to intertemporal settings. To address this gap, we study the effect of an increase in risk aversion on the demand for risk management in a two-period context. Our findings reproduce the one-period results and, thus, support the focus of previous empirical literature on the structure of the risk rather than on the timing of investments and benefits. We also contrast our results with those obtained by employing widely used but limited preferences to examine risk aversion in intertemporal settings (standard additive expected utility setting, Selden, Epstein and Zin).

En este trabajo se presentan los principales resultados del estudio del fenómeno de la atenuación desde la perspectiva sociopragmática en el corpus PRESEEA de Santiago de Chile. Para cumplir este objetivo, se sigue la metodología de análisis propuesta en Cestero y Albelda (2012), Briz y Albelda (2013), Cestero y Rodríguez Alfano (2014) y Albelda et al. (2014), entre otros. De esta manera, se integran tres tipos de factores: lingüísticos, pragmático-discursivos y sociales. A partir de la revisión de nueve horas de grabación de la variedad chilena del español, registradas en 18 entrevistas semiestructuradas, se concluye que los hablantes presentan 750 actos de habla atenuados con 1731 recursos atenuadores. Se comprueba, asimismo, que la autoprotección es la principal función que cumplen los recursos de atenuación en el español chileno y que suele emplearse más la atenuación del modus, sobre todo mediante justificaciones y excusas. Finalmente, se concluye que la mayor variabilidad se produce en relación con los factores edad y nivel de instrucción de los informantes.

Se analizan los factores determinantes de la construccion subjetiva de la inseguridad y el temor ante la delincuencia, a partir de las teorias explicativas sobre victimizacion, vulnerabilidad fisica y social, incivilidades, y redes sociales. Se estiman modelos de regresion con datos de Acapulco, Guerrero, con el fin de evaluar el efecto de dichos factores sobre la percepcion de inseguridad en entornos cotidianos, la modificacion de actividades por temor al delito, y la implementacion de medidas de autoproteccion en la vivienda. Los resultados revelan que la prevalencia de conductas antisociales o delictivas en el entorno es el principal predictor de la percepcion de inseguridad y el temor al delito entre las personas. Abstract This paper analyzes the factors of the subjective construction of insecurity and fear of crime, based on theories about victimization, physical and social vulnerability, incivilities, and social networks. Regression models are estimated with data from Acapulco, Guerrero, in order to evaluate the effect of such factors on the perception of insecurity in everyday environments, the modification of activities due to fear of crime, and the implementation of self-protection measures at home. The results show that the prevalence of antisocial or criminal behaviors in the environment is the main predictor of perceived insecurity and fear of crime among people. Keywords: Citizen security, victimization, social disorder, crime, quantitative analysis.

When a Notary violates this article while doing his or her job duties, it qualifies as an act without authority. As a consequence of such an act without authority, someone who is harmed by a Notary who has declared his position without authority can sue for civil damages and compensation to the Notary Public. In carrying out these responsibilities, the notary is protected by the Notary Position Law (UUJN) and the UUJN-P. However, other forms of protection can be carried out and developed by the notary himself, namely by including the Self-Protection Clause in the deed made before the Notary Public. or when at the request of the parties making Legalization, Waarmerking, Adjustment / Matching of the Copy with the Original and Kovernot. Such a Notary Self-protection is very important for the notary so that no one quickly questions the notary's deed of Legalization, Waarmerking, Adjustment / Matching of Copies with the Original and Kovernot. So the notary is obliged to protect himself.

Objective: Parents are key partners in preventing child sexual abuse (CSA). Body safety tarining (BST) aims to preventing CSA. The first aim is to examine parents knowledge of CSA and interventions of the BST. Secondly, to ev aluate the effect of parents' BST interventions on giving the child self-protection skills. Method: Sample included 92 parents and their 3-to 6 year-old preschool children. In the first stage of the study, WIST (What If Situations Test) was applied to the pre-schoolers. Secondly, data were collected from the parents about the knowledge of CSA and BST interventions. Results: Parents' have high CSA knowledge (M = 7.33 SD = 1.31). The proportion of parents who have knowledge BST is limited (32.6%). However, despite this limited knowledge, the number of those who talk to the child is higher (82.6%). There was no difference between the WIST sub-scale score; appropriate recognition, inappropriate recognition, saying, telling skills and Personal Safety Questionnaire (p > 0.05). The scores of doing and reporting skills were found to be statistically significant high (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Parents have high CSA knowledge, but the impact of BST interventions to their children on gaining the ability to self-protection skills is limited.

The present study examines, in the context of physical education (PE) classes, if having the opportunity to report disadvantages before performing a physical test could reduce students’ self-report...

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia The rural fires are one of the biggest obstacles to the sustainability of forests and associated ecosystems. Furthermore, they are responsible for huge material and human losses. As these fires are a global problem, investment in study the fire behavior is increasing, to improve our strategy to combat these natural disasters.The work presented in this dissertation aims to develop a research program to analyze the effect of water sprinkler system in reducing the intensity of flames and to evaluate the performance of sprinklers in fighting fires in the neighborhood of isolated dwellings and communities. The objectives of this work are the understanding how sprinkler systems contribute to the mitigation of rural fire risk in the protection of exposed elements, to perceive whether the sprinkler systems can contribute to a reduction of the legislative requirements in terms of the dimensions of fuel management strips around buildings and population centers, and to contribute to the development of scientific knowledge that may support political decisions in these matters. The experimental program was divided into four parts. The first two tests aimed at characterizing the sprinkler systems for various operation modes and the two other tests were concerned with the analysis of efficiency in reducing fire intensity.The work allowed us to conclude that the use of sprinkler systems should be recommended around rural fires exposed elements, verifying a fire intensity significant reduction when it reaches the area covered by the sprinklers, and this reduction may even be the extinction of the flames. However, it was possible to verify that these sprinkles efficiency can greatly be affected by adverse weather conditions with special influence of strong wind gusts. Therefore, it is recommended that the creation of fuel management bands continue to be mandatory, under the existing rules. Os incêndios rurais são um dos maiores obstáculos à sustentabilidade das florestas e dos ecossistemas associados. Para além disso, são responsáveis por enormes perdas materiais e humanas. Sendo estes incêndios um problema ao nível global, tem vindo a aumentar o investimento no estudo do comportamento do fogo, com a finalidade de melhorar a estratégia de combate a estas catástrofes naturais.O trabalho apresentado nesta dissertação visa o desenvolvimento de um programa de investigação para analisar o efeito dos sistemas de aspersão de água na redução da intensidade das chamas e avaliar o seu desempenho no combate a incêndios na envolvente de habitações e comunidades isoladas. Os objetivos do trabalho passam por compreender como os sistemas de aspersão contribuem para a mitigação do risco de incêndio rural na proteção de elementos expostos, perceber se os sistemas de aspersão podem contribuir para uma redução das exigências legislativas em termos da dimensão da largura das faixas de gestão de combustíveis em redor de edifícios e aglomerados populacionais e, assim, contribuir para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento científico para suporte às decisões politicas nestas matérias. O programa experimental dividiu-se em quatro partes. Os dois primeiros ensaios tiveram como objetivo a caracterização do sistema de aspersão para vários modos do seu funcionamento e os dois últimos ensaios dizem respeito à análise da eficiência na redução da intensidade do fogo.O trabalho desenvolvido permitiu concluir que a utilização de sistemas de aspersão deve ser recomendada em torno de elementos expostos a incêndios rurais, verificando-se uma redução significativa na intensidade do fogo quando este atinge a área coberta pelos aspersores, podendo mesmo essa redução ser total, com extinção das chamas. No entanto, foi possível verificar que a eficiência destes aspersores pode ser muito afetada por condições meteorológicas adversas, especialmente por rajadas de vento fortes. Assim, recomenda-se que continue a ser obrigatório a criação de faixas de gestão de combustível nos termos já existentes.

This study examined how exposure to terrorism-related news is associated with perceived threat of terrorist attacks and self-protective actions taken in response to terrorism. Data were obtained fr...

A nonlinear SEIR model is formulated and analyzed. This model accounts for three important interventions — the saturated treatment on infective individuals, the screening on the exposed individuals and the information induced self-protection on susceptible individuals. Existence and stability of equilibria are discussed. A sensitivity analysis for the model parameters is performed and we identified the parameters which are more sensitive to the model system. The sensitivity analysis is further followed up with the two parameters heat plot that determines the regions for the parametric values in which the system is either stable or unstable. Further, an optimal control problem is formulated by considering screening and treatment as control variables and corresponding cost functional is constructed. Using Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, paths of optimal controls are obtained analytically. A comparative study is conducted numerically to explore and analyze analytical results. We note that in absence of treatment, screening policy may be a cost-effective choice to keep a tab on the disease. However, comprehensive effect of both screening and treatment has a huge impact, which is highly effective and least expensive. It is also noted that treatment is effective for mild epidemic whereas screening has a significant effect on the disease burden while epidemic is severe. For a range of basic reproduction number, effect of self-protection and saturation in treatment is also explored numerically.

Chirp radars are vulnerable to various types of deceptive jamming for example, smeared spectrum (SMSP) jamming that generates multiple false targets, which lead and lag the true target. Unfortunately, the radar system cannot distinguish the true target from the false ones because the jamming signal looks like the true target echo. A new anti‐jamming technique to suppress false targets and identify the true target easily is introduced. The proposed technique benefits from the fact that SMSP jamming signal has a different frequency modulation slope from that of the radar signal. Therefore, the differences between SMSP jamming signal and the true target echo can be identified. The efficiency of the proposed technique is confirmed by theoretical analysis and simulation experiments.

Crime motivates self-protection, such as undertaken quite visibly by individuals, households, and businesses. But we know much less about self-protection by public institutions, including schools, ...

Elimination of significant risks in nuclear power production is at the present stage a necessity and goal-setting that determines its development in the near future. Of particular importance is the problem of maximum credibility and convincingly substantiated stability of nuclear power plants against severe accidents. The lack of clear logic, transparency and guarantees in the reliability of the announced nuclear safety significantly hinders its development, unnecessarily overcomplicating expensive technical solutions, thereby weakening the competitiveness of nuclear power. The originally proposed Concept of Inherent Safety set the task of solving the above problems; however, its specific content has not been explicitly presented so far, which allows many competitors to use its terminology to promote projects that are not directly related to the ‘spirit and letter’ of Inherent Safety. This paper is intended to fill this gap. The authors also discuss the conditions for the generation and development of new self-protection means for innovative nuclear reactors as well as the phenomenological and technical aspects for their implementation based on the deterministic formalism.

The aim of this study was to assess the perception of healthcare workers regarding self-protection during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. The novel COVID-19 pandemic has completely changed the dynamic of governments, social lives, global economy, and health care systems priorities. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are one of the most group of people at risk of acquiring the infection, especially those who are taking care of COVID-19 patients. This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted among HCWs during the period between May to July 2020 in Saudi Arabia. More than 70% of participating HCWs were able to access the personal safety policies and procedures in the workplace and COVID-19 treatment algorithm. In addition, the presence of an infection control team was also present in most of the institutes. The most common accessible personal protective equipment was hand gel sanitizer (89.9%), followed by disposable gloves (82.5%) and disposable masks (78.9%). More than 75% of participants reported that their institute has a special infection control team during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the respondents (~75%) believe that their institute would take all necessary measurements to protect their personal integrity at work. Several precautionary measures were undertaken appropriately by the Saudi Government to overcome the COVID-19 immediate and futuristic consequences. Personal protective equipment and protective measures would be crucial for public health if implemented appropriately during highly spreading infections (e.g., COVID-19) to minimize the transmission and preserve health

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most prevalent infectious human disease spreading in several parts of the world caused by SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 transmission is mainly spreading via the respiratory tract, personal contact, digestive tract and hospitalacquired infections. Health care workers particularly working in clinics practicing traditional medicine need to be in close contact with patients, so they have a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this paper, therefore, the personal-protective measures need to be followed by healthcare workers in traditional medicine clinics during COVID-19 pandemic are emphasized, to enlighten them about selfprotection and to improve the safety of such a special group of traditional healers.

Routine activity theory suggests that crime occurs when a motivated offender meets a suitable target and no capable guardian is present. In identity theft that occurs online, potential victims can ...

Facebook groups are spaces where women form communities and share their lived experiences. These peer-created and peer-moderated groups have ‘closed’ security settings, indicating that interactions within the group are to be considered private. They attract membership from women who desire safe, ‘trusted’, gender-specific spaces, though as this article demonstrates, these perceived ‘safe spaces’ are often fraught with difficulties. This article considers Facebook groups as intimate spaces which traverse the public and private, potentially allowing women to remove the mask of motherhood and draw on ‘lay-expertise’ and support. Drawing on three studies of closed Facebook groups, for Australian ‘mum bloggers’ and readers, Australian Defence Force partners, and migrant mothers in Australia, this article considers women’s motivations for creating and participating in shielded online spaces, how expectations of privacy and safety in these spaces are created and maintained, and the consequences when these expectations are breached. Situating the groups in the context of societal surveillance of mothers, migrants and military families, and expectations of intensive social reproductive labour, the authors consider both the liberatory potential of the groups and their limitations as vehicles for social change.

تستهدف هذه الدراسة التعرف على فعالية برنامج تدريبي قائم على تقنية الإنفوجرافيک في تنمية بعض مهارات حماية الذات من أخطار (التسمم، الاختناق، السقوط) داخل المنزل، وتکونت عينة الدراسة من (٦) أطفال يعانون من اضطراب طيف التوحد بمدينة الجبيل، تتراوح أعمارهم بين (٦-٩) سنوات. وتحقيقا لهدف الدراسة اتبع الباحثان المنهج شبة تجريبي، والتصميم ذا المجموعة الواحدة. واستخدم مقياس تشخيص اضطراب طيف التوحد (جابر، ٢٠١٨)، وتم إعداد أدوات الدراسة من قبل الباحثين: مقياس مهارات حماية الذات، وبرنامج تدريبي قائم على تقنية الإنفوجرافيک، وتصاميم بتقنية الإنفوجرافيک (ثابت-متحرک). ولقياس صحة الفروض استخدم الباحثان اختبار ويلکوکسون للتعرف على دلالة الفروق، ومعادلة الکسب المعدل لبلاک البرنامج. وأشارت النتائج إلى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (٠٥,٠) بين متوسطي رتب درجات عينة الدراسة على مقياس مهارات حماية الذات قبل تطبيق البرنامج التدريبي وبعده لصالح القياس البعدي، وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية على مقياس مهارات حماية الذات بين القياس البعدي والتتبعي. وأن درجة تأثير البرنامج التدريبي القائم على تقنية الإنفوجرافيک عالية في تنمية مهارات حماية الذات لدى الأطفال ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد. The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of a training program based on infographic technology in developing some skills of self-protection from the risks of (poisoning, asphyxiation, falls) inside the home, and six children with autism spectrum disorder in Jubail were enrolled in this study, their ages between 6 to 9 years. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher followed the semi-experimental approach, and the one-set design. The Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnostic Scale (Gaber, 2018) was used, and the research tools were prepared by the researcher: self-protection skills scale, and training program, as well as infographics designs (fixed-mobile). To measure the validity of the hypotheses, the researcher used the Wilcoxon test to identify the significance of the differences and Modified Blake's Gain Ratio. The results indicated that there are statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the average levels of the research sample scores on the scale of self-protection skills before and after the application of the training program in favor of post-measurement, and the absence of statistically significant differences on the scale of self-protection skills between post-measurement and successive measurement. the impact of the infographic training program based the developing of self-protection skills of children with autism spectrum disorder, was high.

Background: Due to the nature of their academic field and clinical training, students of nursing, midwifery, and surgical technology are exposed to the risk of damages due to sharp instruments, blood, and body fluids. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of students of nursing, midwifery, and surgical technology about standard precautions and self-protection in the clinical settings. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Nursing and Midwifery School of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, 2018. A total of 300 students were selected through nonprobability quota sampling. A four-part questionnaire was used to collect the data on the students' characteristics, and their knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the special safety percussions. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and SPSS software version 16. Results: No significant connection was found between the students' knowledge, attitudes, and practice and their demographic characteristics. Most students had a moderate level of knowledge about self-protection in the clinical setting. None of the students had good knowledge and compliance with safety principles. A significant correlation was found between knowledge and attitudes (P = 0.01, r = 0.14) and between attitudes and practice (P = 0.00, r = 0.29). No significant correlation was found between the students' knowledge and practice (P = 0.52, r = 0.037). Conclusions: Acquisition of a moderate level of knowledge, attitudes, and practice indicates that the students were familiar with the concepts examined; nonetheless, this level may not suffice for appropriate and safe practice in the clinical setting.

To explore how COVID-19 altered public service provision and what lessons were learned from the first months, this study draws on sickness absence data, employee feedback data, fieldwork among vulnerable families and qualitative interviews with public servants responsible for vulnerable youngsters, children and families in four Danish towns. The analyses find evidence of a dilemma between self-protection and service provision across towns and public servants from the police and social departments. A relationship between situational knowledge and service delivery arrangements is uncovered and used to discuss the role of autonomy in public service provision within street-level bureaucracy theory. Note: In the interests of space, street-level theory and the pandemic context underpinning the articles for this special issue are discussed in detail in the Introduction to the issue.

The aim of this study was to analyze changes in muscle activity between high and low self-critical participants during the imagery of self-compassion, self-protection, and self-criticism. Muscle activity was measured by the Biopac MP36 while participants were listening to the imagery audio recording. Levels of self-criticism were measured by The Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS; Gilbert et al., 2004). From overall number of 110 participants, 30 participants were selected for further analysis based on their extreme level of self-criticism. The research sample consisted of 15 participants with high level of self-criticism and 15 with low level of self-criticism. The results showed that participants with higher levels of self-criticism had similar levels of muscle activity during the self-critical and self-protective phases of imagery. However, during the last self-compassionate imagery, participants with lower self-criticism returned to the baseline EMG levels, while those with higher self-criticism remained at high EMG levels. The results showed lower muscle activity in low self-critics while imagining inner compassionate part meaning. Therefore, low self-critics are probably better able to calm themselves down compared to high self-critics.

This study aims to determine how adolescents who live in the association of adolescent smokers, in protecting themselves from smoking habits. This research uses qualitative research methods using ethnography. Data collection techniques are done through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis uses domain analysis. Smoking habits have mushroomed in adolescent relationships. Smoking behavior is a learned behavior. Family, peers, and the environment determine the teen's thought process before deciding to act. The family becomes an important early socialization agent in the process of hunting teenagers in the community, including regarding cigarettes. The results of this study indicate that self-protection by adolescents arises on the basis of knowledge about smoking obtained in the initial socialization process in the family. Understanding of families arising from smoking habits, based on the experience of their parents. From the understanding capital obtained is self-protection in adolescents, specifically in the smoker association. In addition, other self-protection is arising from adolescent planning about the future in pursuing a hobby in the field of sports. From this knowledge and experience that arises through social interaction makes it a protection against smoking in adolescent relationships.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana remaja yang hidup dalam pergaulan remaja perokok, dalam memproteksi diri dari kebiasaan merokok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisa domain. Kebiasaan merokok telah menjamur dalam pergaulan remaja. Perilaku merokok merupakan perilaku yang dipelajari. Keluarga, teman sebaya, dan lingkungan berpengaruh dalam proses remaja memahami perilaku merokok sebelum memutuskan untuk bertindak. Keluarga menjadi agen sosialisasi awal yang penting dalam proses remaja memahami perilaku yang ada di masyarakat, termasuk perihal rokok. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proteksi diri yang dilakukan remaja timbul atas dasar pengetahuan tentang rokok yang didapatkan dalam proses sosialisasi awal dalam keluarga. Pemahaman dalam keluarga mengenai akibat yang ditimbulkan dari perilaku merokok, berdasar pengalaman orang tua mereka. Dari modal pemahaman yang didapatkan tersebut menjadi proteksi diri dalam pergaulan remaja, khususnya dalam pergaulan perokok. Selain itu, proteksi diri lainnya adalah timbul dari perencanaan remaja mengenai masa depannya dalam menekuni hobi dalam bidang olahraga. Dari pengetahuan dan pengalam tersebut yang timbul melalui interaksi sosial tersebut menjadikannya melakukan proteksi diri dari perilaku merokok dalam pergaulan remaja.

Firearm availability is correlated with increased suicide mortality. Some firearm owners may be more vulnerable to suicide than others, but heterogeneity among firearm owners has received little empirical attention. The present study used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify subgroups of firearm owners who keep firearms primarily for protection (i.e.

Objective:The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly growing due to a high level of contagiousness. Different measures have been taken to slow the spread of the virus. Appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is one of these key measures. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated adherence of the general public to use of PPE and their knowledge regarding the rationale behind their use.Methods:Two samples were chosen from public places (a subway station and a city store) in Tehran, Iran, one of the countries affected by COVID-19. Individuals were observed for appropriate use of PPE and interviewed regarding their knowledge on some basic self-protection information.Results:Approximately half of the 431 participants did not take any measures to ensure hand hygiene, whereas those who did not use respiratory protection were far fewer. A considerable number of individuals, however, did not use these PPE correctly. On the other hand, there was a gap in the knowledge of the general public regarding different aspects of protective measures. The majority of the participants were receptive toward education on preventive measurements through public media.Conclusion:Education is an important aspect in containing the COVID-19 pandemic, as it directly increases adherence of the general public to protective measures.

This paper studies how people make decisions over preventive behaviors under ambiguity (i.e., Knightian uncertainty) where they do not even know the probability of a loss. In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, scientific uncertainty makes it hard to evaluate not only whether one will be infected, but also probabilities such as the infection rate. We constructed a simple model and demonstrated how its effect was heterogeneous depending on ambiguity-attitudes. Motivated by the model, we further conducted a survey experiment in Japan where we manipulated the information regarding scientific uncertainty on COVID-19. We found that higher ambiguity induced by scientific uncertainty increased the level of social distancing among ambiguity-loving people, but such evidence was nonexistent for ambiguity-averse counterparts.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42973-022-00120-3.

On croit souvent que le mythe du Gorgias de Platon a pour objet d’expliquer comment la vertu dans cette vie est recompensee dans l’au-dela. L’auteur soutient qu’il s’agit d’une fausse piste. En realite, le mythe renforce la conception qu’a Socrate de la « protection » [boētheia]. Elle structure le mythe et est un concept ethique dans le debat entre Socrate et Callicles qui a eu lieu plus tot dans le dialogue. Selon l’auteur, Socrate entend la « protection » comme la disposition volontaire a s’exposer a la correction ou a la punition [kolasis] ; et la position de Socrate dans le mythe est coherente avec sa position anterieure dans le dialogue.

This study explores the topic of abuse through the involvement of persons with intellectual disability residing in Malta, in order to evaluate legislation and practices related to their rights to b...

Cloud computing has emerged as a dominant platform for computing for the foreseeable future. A key factor in the adoption of this technology is its security and reliability. Here, this article addresses a key challenge which is the secure allocation of resources. The authors propose a security-based resource allocation model for execution of cloud workloads called STARK. The solution is designed to ensure security against probing, User to Root (U2R), Remote to Local (R2L) and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks whilst the execution of heterogeneous cloud workloads. Further, this paper highlights the promising directions for future research.

Objective The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of educational game usage in increasing self-protection capabilities at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Wahyu Cibubur. Method The method of this research used Quasi Experiment research with descriptive analytic with one group pretest and posttest design. The population in this research was all the students in 1st grade amounted to 46 students, the technique used to collect the sample for this research was the total of sampling at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Wahyu Cibubur. Result From the result of Mc Nemar data processing stated that there was an effect of the educational game usage in increasing self-protection capability with a p-Value (p = 0.000). Conclusion Educational game is capable in increasing self-protection capability. This media can be applied to the children in other schools and as the reference for the further research.

Aims Inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological process of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). A20 (also known as tumour necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3)) is a ubiquitin-editing enzyme that restricts nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling. A20 prevents the occurrence of multiple inflammatory diseases. However, the role of A20 in the initiation of IDD has not been elucidated. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of A20 in senescence of TNF alpha (TNF-α)-induced nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed to observe the expression of A20 in normal and degenerated human intervertebral discs. The NPCs were dissected from the tail vertebrae of healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats and were cultured in the incubator. In the experiment, TNF-α was used to mimic the inflammatory environment of IDD. The cell viability and senescence were examined to investigate the effect of A20 on TNF-α-treated NPCs. The expression of messenger RNA (mRNA)-encoding proteins related to matrix macromolecules (collagen II, aggrecan) and senescence markers (p53, p16). Additionally, NF-κB/p65 activity of NPCs was detected within different test compounds. Results The expression of A20 was upregulated in degenerate human intervertebral discs. The A20 levels of NPCs in TNF-α inflammatory microenvironments were dramatically higher than those of the control group. TNF-α significantly decreased cell proliferation potency but increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, the expression of senescence-associated proteins, the synthesis of extracellular matrix, and G1 cycle arrest. The senescence indicators and NF-κB/p65 expression of A20 downregulated group treated with TNF-α were significantly upregulated compared to TNF-α-treated normal NPCs. Conclusion A20 has a self-protective effect on the senescence of NPCs induced by TNF-α. The downregulation of A20 in NPCs exacerbated the senescence of NPCs induced by TNF-α. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(5):225–235.

We present the experimental performance analysis of a fire protection fabric for cars designed to protect people's life in case of fire entrapment. Two experimental burns were executed to simulate heat and smoke exposure conditions in case of vehicle entrapment in a rural road. For the first experimental burn, a 2-m high fuel bed of pine slash was arranged in a 13¿m¿×¿6 m area. Fire was ignited at one end of the fuel bed and spread wind driven (3 m/s midflame wind speed). 2.8¿m away from the other fuel bed end, a car covered with the fabric was placed parallel to the fire. Data analysis provided values of fire behavior and flame characteristics, being typical of wildfires of moderate intensity (1800¿kW/m). Maximum air temperatures inside the vehicle ranged around 41°C to 42.5°C, providing evidence of the fabric's good performance. To evaluate the degree of protection against smoke, air change rates were estimated with and without the fabric covering the car. Also, an experimental burn similar to the previous one was executed to monitor CO2 and CO concentrations inside the car. Tenable conditions for these gases were maintained during the whole test according to reviewed exposure criteria.

Survivalists are individuals who stockpile resources to prepare for a wide-scale disaster or societal collapse, generally at a degree well beyond that of the average person. To date, an in-depth un...

Los actos de autoprotección o directivas anticipada constituyen una herramienta jurídica que garantiza la protección y el pleno ejercicio de los derechos personalísimos de todo ser humano, llevándolos a su máxima expresión. La denominada autoprotección de las personas, representa así, una necesidad social de alto impacto y en auge en la actualidad, siendo una de las tantas variables en las cuales se ve reflejada la posibilidad de las personas de poder decidir sobre su propio proyecto de vida haciendo uso de la autonomía de la voluntad. Todo esto ha llevado a que nuestros legisladores se hayan visto obligados a darle un marco jurídico y regulación legal a tan relevante necesidad. A la hora de llevar al plano documental la expresión de voluntad, la intervención notarial es de fundamental importancia ya que ofrece numerosas ventajas por un lado como es la registración de los actos con el fin de ofrecer cognoscibilidad y efectividad, y por el otro, plantea nuevos desafíos, ya que deberán sus profesionales adentrarse a la complejidad que las ciencias médicas exigen. ABSTRACT: The acts of self-protection or advance directives constitute a legal tool that guarantees the protection and full exercise of the most personal rights of every human being, taking them to their maximum expression. The so-called self-protection of people, thus represents a social need of high impact and currently booming, being one of the many variables in which the possibility of people being able to decide on their own life project is reflected by the use of the autonomy of their will. All this has led to our legislators being forced to give a legal framework and legal regulation to such a relevant need. When taking the expression of will to the documentary level, the notarial intervention is of fundamental importance since it offers numerous advantages on the one hand such as the registration of acts in order to offer cognizability and effectiveness, and on the other, it raises new challenges, since their professionals must enter the complexity that medical sciences demand.

The article is devoted to the study of the history of formation and development of the institution of self-defense. The analysis of the sources of law of foreign countries and Russia from ancient times to the present, which reflect the legal regulation of the institution under study, has been carried out. It is noted that the purpose of self-defense is expressed in the ability of a right holder to independently influence the offender by the means prescribed by law, with the help of which the suppression, prevention, elimination and restoration of the violated right can be achieved. In different periods of the Russian legal system formation, a gradual development and improvement of the institution of self-defense was observed, which was also enshrined in modern legislation of the country. The article discusses the various points of view of Russian scientists on the studied issues. Given the debatability of domestic scientific research in this area, the need for further theoretical research of the institution of self-defense is noted, taking into account the results obtained by scientists at different time periods. The need for further development of modern legislation governing the institution under study is also noted.

Laws that prohibit abusers' possession of firearms are associated with lower intimate partner homicide rates. However, some policies are moving toward arming victims of intimate partner violence (I...

In this paper, we propose and study a first risk model in which the insurer may invest into a prevention plan which decreases claim intensity. We determine the optimal prevention investment for different risk indicators. In particular, we show that the prevention amount minimizing the ruin probability maximizes the adjustment coefficient in the classical ruin model with prevention, as well as the expected dividends until ruin in the model with dividends. We also show that the optimal prevention strategy is different if one aims at maximizing the average surplus at a fixed time horizon. A sensitivity analysis is carried out. We also prove that our results can be extended to the case where prevention starts to work only after a minimum prevention level threshold., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published