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Two studies examine how experiencing a social need threat (ostracism and rejection) impacts subsequent preferences for self-disclosure to various digital audiences. Findings consider how contextual/situational factors like need threats may impact the appeal of two established perceived social affordances of media: personalization and privacy/visibility. Participants took part in a (bogus) social media activity to elicit feelings of inclusion/ostracization/rejection and then were asked about sharing their media preferences with various potential audiences. Results show that social need threats have no significant impact on privacy preferences but do affect preferences for sharing with some audiences and not others. Notably, ostracized and rejected participants show different patterns of preferences, suggesting these forms of social need threat may have distinct impacts on future self-disclosures. Implications for online relationship development and community building are considered in the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundData from 2 generations of participants in the San Diego Prospective Study (SDPS) were used to compare cross-sectional and prospective relationships of 5 measures of the low level of response (low LR) to alcohol to 2 key alcohol-related outcomes.MethodsThe analyses used data from 373 SDPS male probands and 158 male and female offspring of these individuals to evaluate relationships of 5 LR measures to the prior 5-year maximum drinks per occasion and the number of 11 DSM-IV alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria experienced. Probands' LR measures included responses to alcohol challenges administered 15 years previously, and ratings for both generations included measures of the number of standard drinks during four periods: the first five times of drinking (SRE-5), the prior three drinking months (SRE-3), the period of heaviest drinking (SRE-H), and a total average across all time frames (SRE-T). Analyses included zero-order correlations, correlations using covariates, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses.ResultsAll 5 LR measures were correlated with aspects of maximum drinks and the number of AUD criteria, but the most robust results were seen for SRE-3 and maximum drinks. Correlations were less consistent for SRE-5, a measure more closely related to outcomes in the offspring. Hierarchical regression analyses supported most of these conclusions and showed that alcohol challenge-based LRs added significant information regarding maximum drinks even when evaluated with SRE values. The close correlation between SRE-H and SRE-T argues against the need for studies to include both measures. The patterns of results were similar irrespective of whether covariates were included.ConclusionsThere were significant correlations of maximum drinks and the number of AUD criteria with findings from prior alcohol challenges and all SRE scores. Challenges and SRE reports are related but not identical LR measures. All SRE scores, including SRE-5, offered useful information regarding subsequent drinking behavior.

Long-distance relationships (LDR) are increasingly common, particularly among young adults. The geographic separation inherent in LDR, and communication factors, may have implications for the satisfaction relationship of individuals in LDR. However, little current work examines these potential associations on decision communication. The current study examined associations between relationship-level predictors (satisfaction, maintenance) and individual-communication disclosure in LDDRs. In the present study, all participants live in Gorontalo City (Indonesia) and their couple lives in another city. Participants (N = 7) were young adults (22 - 35 years old), who completed an interview on communication relationships. Here, we report sample characteristics; correlations between key study variables; and, results of stepwise whether relationship-level variables predicted individual-level disclosure. Results indicated that relationship satisfaction of romantically relationship happiness, commitment, and conflict did not differ based on LDR status, but, relationship stress led to in change a couple’s communication behaviours. In conclusion, empathy, respect, support, and equality is the main aspect of interpersonal communication disclosure among the couple.

The millennial generation, which was born at the same time as technology, is close to technology, including the internet and today's social media, namely Instagram. The purpose of this study is to find self-disclosure or self-disclosure with freedom of expression and eliminate the feeling of insecurity that is felt by millennials on second Instagram accounts. One of the social media, namely Instagram, with its Stories feature, is currently not only a place to find friends or share information. But also to express feelings and express themselves by users. continues to increase until Instagram Stories becomes a place for self-disclosure. The method used by researchers is a qualitative descriptive method in which researchers conduct observations, interviews, and documentation of several informants who are randomly selected starting from the ages of 20 to 24 years (early adulthood). Based on this, this study discusses self-disclosure of the millennial generation in second Instagram accounts. The purpose of this study is to find out the forms and impacts of self- disclosure on second Instagram accounts. The theory used in this study is the Johari Windows theory with a qualitative approach and descriptive method. The results of the discussion explain that the biggest aspect of self-disclosure in the millennial generation is open self or open area, then there is also hidden self or hidden area, blind self or blind area and unknown self or unknown area. There are goals for self-expression, motivating others, social legitimacy and information sharing. Then there are positive and negative impacts after doing it on a second Instagram account.

BackgroundChildhood sexual abuse (CSA) is over-represented among incarcerated girls and women. In order to inform effective methods of response, they represent a critical group for better understanding disclosure processes.ObjectiveThe purpose of the current study was to assess the CSA and CSA disclosure experiences of incarcerated female adolescents and young adults.Participants and settingParticipants were 94 serious female offenders, ages 15-24 (M = 18.72, SD = 1.94), incarcerated in a secure juvenile facility.MethodIn one-on-one interviews, participants answered questions about abuse characteristics, whether they had previously disclosed, to whom they had disclosed and after how long, and reasons for prior disclosure or nondisclosure.ResultsOver half of the sample (51.8%,n = 44) reported experiencing CSA. Most individuals who reported a CSA history had previously disclosed (79.5%, n = 35), with approximately equal proportions claiming to disclose within one week (40%) and after a year or years (45.8%). However, 20.5% (n = 9) claimed that our study interview was their first disclosure. Several reasons for their disclosure patterns were endorsed: Most commonly feelings of shame or embarrassment prevented disclosure (56%) and no longer wanting to keep the abuse a secret motivated disclosure (44%).ConclusionsAlthough many incarcerated girls and women share a history of CSA, our results indicate that the abuse and disclosure experiences of incarcerated females are diverse. Understanding their disclosure patterns can inform mental health services, rehabilitation, and professional interviewing strategies that may facilitate disclosure (e.g., forensic interviews, facility intake interviews).

Online gender-based violence (GBV) is a form of violence that has the intention or meaning of harassing victims based on gender or sexual activity online or the use of internet technology. The objective study is to analyze reasons why victims of Online gender-based violence (GBV) choose to do self-disclosure on Twitter compared to other social media or directly disclose themselves. The result of the study shows that encouragement for online GBV victims to disclose themselves on social media Twitter is more comfortable with features such as Twitter's anonymity and speed, which make some topics popular. Social media such as Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, and Drip emphasize visual and audio-visual content that makes victims uncomfortable enough to self-disclose with content like That. The second is what the victims revealed about themselves as a form of concern against others on Twitter who can become online GBV victims. Third, online GBV victims need a place and encouragement from other victims who have revealed themselves on social media, so disclosure on Twitter can motivate other victims to reveal themselves bravely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and test a model for posttraumatic growth among cured patients with COVID-19. This model was based on Calhoun and Tedeschi's Posttraumatic Growth model and a literature review. Methods: The participants comprised 223 patients cured from COVID-19 who were ≥ 19 years of age. The data were collected through an online questionnaire from March 21 to 24, 2022. The assessment tools included the Impact of Event Scale: Revised Korean version, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Distress Disclosure Index, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Korean version of the Event-related Rumination Inventory, and the Korean version of the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 24.0 and IBM AMOS 26.0. Results: The modified model showed appropriate goodness of fit (χ² = 369.90, χ²/degree of freedom = 2.09, SRMR = .09, RMESA = .07, CFI = .94, TLI = .93). The post-traumatic growth of cured patients with COVID-19 was explained through distress perception, self-disclosure, and deliberate rumination, with the explanatory power being 70.0%. Conclusion: This study suggests preparing a disaster psychology program involving experts who can activate deliberate rumination is necessary. Further, this study may serve as basic data for developing a program to enhance the post-traumatic growth of patients cured from COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundStigma can be a barrier for workers experiencing a mental illness to access accommodations at work. However, work accommodations may be necessary to maintain a worker's ability to work. Therefore, it may be important to develop effective interventions to address workplace stigma.ObjectiveTo determine (1) what proportion of workers would probably disclose their mental health issue to their manager, (2) what are the motivating factors for the decision of whether or not to disclose, and (3) what would potentially change the disclosure decision?MethodsA link to a Web-based questionnaire was sent to a nationally representative sample of 1671 Dutch adults over 18 years of age. The response rate was 74%. We focused on the 892 respondents who indicated they were either employed for pay or looking for employment, not in management positions, and never experienced a mental health issue. This group comprised 73% of the total sample. They were asked if they would disclose their mental health issue to their manager. For what reasons would they disclose/not disclose the issue? And, what could change their decision?ResultsWe found that almost 75% of workers would disclose to their managers. The perceived relationship with their managers and feelings of responsibility to their workplaces were important contributors to the decision. A large minority of workers would not tell, preferring to deal with their issues alone. In addition, a significant proportion of workers would choose not to disclose fearing negative consequences.ConclusionOur results indicate that the majority of these Dutch workers would disclose a mental health issue to their managers. The relationship with the manager plays a central role. The advice from a trusted individual and the experiences of colleagues are also significant factors in the disclosure decision.

The role of HIV disclosure and its influence on engagement in HIV care after initial linkage to care is not well understood. We conducted 28 in-depth interviews with patients newly entering HIV care. Gaining access to social support was a key reason that many patients disclosed their HIV status. For some, HIV disclosure improved support networks related to engagement in care at the time of care entry, in the form of appointment reminders, emotional support, and confidence to disclose more widely. However, some participants cited anticipated stigma as a barrier to disclosure, as they feared rejection or further disclosure without their permission. Early access to social support and skill building related to stigma reduction and coping can be useful resources to help patients manage HIV, as they initiate care. In addition, incorporating support for smart disclosure decisions into interventions may improve access to social support, ultimately improving engagement in care.

BackgroundIn Mozambique, HIV counseling and testing (HCT) rates are low and the cascade (or continuum) of care is poor. Perhaps more importantly, low disclosure rates and low uptake of joint testing are also related to both (1) limitations on access to services and (2) the availability of trained staff. We describe the implementation and impact of a disclosure support implemented by peer educators (PE).MethodsTen PEs, previously trained in basic HIV and post-test counseling, completed additional training on providing disclosure support for newly-diagnosed persons living with HIV (PLH).ResultsOf the 6,092 persons who received HCT, 677 (11.1%) tested positive. Any newly-diagnosed PLH who was tested when PEs were present (606 / 677) was approached about participating in the disclosure program; of these, 94.2% of PLH (n = 574) agreed to participate. Of these, at follow-up (between 1 day and 3 months later, depending on client inclination and availability) 91.9% (n = 528) said that they had disclosed their HIV infection, of whom 66.9% (n = 384) were female and 24.1% (n = 144) male. In turn, 92.7% of partners (n = 508) who had received HIV-related exposure information were tested; of these, 78.7% (n = 400) were found to be HIV-positive. Of the latter, 96.3% (n = 385) were then seen by health care providers and referred for further diagnosis and treatment.ConclusionsSupporting newly-diagnosed PLH is important both for their own health and that of others. For the newly-diagnosed, there are extensive challenges related to understanding the implications of their illness; social support from clinical care teams can be vital in planning and coping. Our study has shown that such support of PLH is also crucial to disclosure, in part via improving awareness of positive health implications for (and from) family, friends and other support networks.

BackgroundSeveral factors have been identified as being associated with increased adherence to antiretroviral therapy, including sero-status disclosure; however, studies examining the effect of disclosure on ART adherence in Ethiopia have had inconsistent findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis therefore aims to estimate the pooled effect of disclosure on adherence to ART among adults living with HIV in Ethiopia.MethodsWe performed a systematic search for articles reporting on peer-reviewed, quantitative, English-language observational studies of reporting the association between self sero-status disclosure and good ART adherence in adults living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia during published from 2010 to 2015. We searched four electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, the World Health Organization's Hinari portal (which includes the SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases) for studies from December 1, 2017 to January 30, 2018. We also searched university repositories and conference abstracts for unpublished studies. We conducted a meta-analysis for the pooled effect of adherence using a random effects model in Stata version 14 and assessed publication bias using the Egger's test for funnel plot asymmetry.ResultsOur search returned in 179 studies, of which seven (3.9%), were eligible and included in the final meta-analysis. The seven included studies were conducted from 2010 to 2015. Our analysis found that disclosure had a significant effect on the adherence to ART in adult patients living with HIV. Patients who disclosed were 1.64 times more likely to have good adherence to ART compared with those who did not (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.42). The small number of studies eligible for review and differences in study definitions of adherence and disclosure were the main limitations of this study.ConclusionThis review found a statistically significant positive effect of disclosure status on the adherence to ART in adult patients living with HIV in Ethiopia. This suggests that Ethiopia's national treatment and prevention programs should redouble efforts to encourage self-disclosure among people living with HIV/AIDS. Encouraging supportive social environments for disclosure, and promoting partner notification and partner disclosure support initiatives might be particularly helpful in this regard.

BackgroundPartner notification is an essential component of sexually transmitted infection (STI) management. The process involves identifying exposed sex partner(s), notifying these partner(s) about their exposure to a curable STI, and offering counselling and treatment for the STI as a part of syndromic management or after results from an STI test. When implemented effectively, partner notification services can prevent the index patient from being reinfected with a curable STI from an untreated partner, reduce the community burden of curable STIs, and prevent adverse health outcomes in both the index patient and his or her sex partner(s). However, partner notification and treatment rates are often low. This study seeks to explore experiences and preferences related to partner notification and treatment for curable STIs among pregnant women receiving care in an antenatal clinic with integrated HIV and curable STI testing. Results are intended to inform efforts to improve partner notification and treatment rates in Southern Africa.MethodsWe conducted qualitative interviews among women diagnosed with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and/or Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection while seeking antenatal care in Gaborone, Botswana. Semi-structured interviews were used to obtain women's knowledge about STIs and their experiences and preferences regarding partner notification.ResultsFifteen women agreed to participate in the study. The majority of women had never heard of CT, NG, or TV infections prior to testing. Thirteen out of 15 participants had notified partners about the STI diagnosis. The majority of notified partners received some treatment; however, partner treatment was often delayed. Most women expressed a preference for accompanying partners to the clinic for treatment. Experiences and preferences did not differ by HIV infection status.ConclusionsThe integration of STI, HIV, and antenatal care services may have contributed to most women's willingness to notify partners. However, logistical barriers to partner treatment remained. More research is needed to identify effective and appropriate strategies for scaling-up partner notification services in order to improve rates of partners successfully contacted and treated, reduce rates of STI reinfection during pregnancy, and ultimately reduce adverse maternal and infant outcomes attributable to antenatal STIs.

Homosexuals who use the Twitter platform is a hyperreality phenomenon. The media is used to express oneself and gain recognition from society. The purpose of this study is to reveal the hyperreality and self-disclosure of homosexuals through alter accounts on Twitter. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological study. The data collection technique is purposive sampling. Data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, literature study, and documentation. The results of the study found that hyperreality that occurs in alter accounts is a simulation of identity on Twitter and the level of self-disclosure which is measured through the dimensions of duration, frequency, valence, honesty, purpose and intent, and intimately, it is found that the openness of alter account users is said to be in a good level and the reason is because of a sense of belonging. comfortable and relieved after self-disclosure.

HIV pre-exposure prophyalxis (PrEP) might lead individuals to view serodisclosure as unnecessary. We examined the prevalence of non-disclosure and lack of knowledge of partner status in a global cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) enrolled in the iPrEx Open Label Extension (OLE). We calculated prevalence ratios by fitting a logistic model and estimating predicted probabilities using marginal standardization. Prevalence of non-disclosure and lack of knowledge of partner status were highest in Thailand (73% and 74%, respectively) and lowest in the USA (23% and 37%, respectively). In adjusted analyses, PrEP use was not significantly associated with non-disclosure or lack of knowledge of partner status (p-values>0.05). We found that relationship characteristics were significantly associated with both outcomes. Non-disclosure was higher among casual (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.54, [95% confidence interval 1.24-1.84]) and transactional sex partners (aPR 2.03, [1.44-2.62]), and among partners whom participants have known only minutes or hours before their first sexual encounter (aPR 1.62, [1.33-1.92]). Similarly, participants were less likely to know the HIV status of casual partners (aPR 1.50, [1.30-1.71]), transactional sex partners (aPR 1.62, [1.30-1.95]), and those they have known for only days or weeks (aPR 1.13, [0.99-1.27]) or minutes or hours (aPR 1.27, [1.11-1.42]). Our findings underscore the role of dyadic factors in influencing serodisclosure. Comprehensive risk reduction counseling provided in conjunction with PrEP that address relationship characteristics are needed to help patients navigate discussions around HIV status.

Research suggests that interracial mentoring relationships are strained by negative affect and low rapport. As such, it stands to reason that strategies that decrease negative affect and increase rapport should improve these relationships. However, previous research has not tested this possibility. In video-chats (Studies 1 and 2) and face-to-face meetings (Study 3), we manipulated the degree of mutual self-disclosure between mentees and mentors, a strategy that has been shown to reduce negative affect and increase rapport. We then measured negative affect and rapport as mediators, and mentee performance (quality of speech delivered; Studies 1 and 3) and mentor performance (warmth and helpfulness; Studies 2 and 3) as key outcomes. Results revealed that increased self-disclosure decreased negative affect and increased rapport for both mentees and mentors. Among mentees, decreased negative affect predicted better performance (Studies 1 and 3). Among mentors, increased rapport predicted warmer feedback (Studies 2 and 3). These effects remained significant when we meta-analyzed data across studies (Study 4), and also revealed the relationship of rapport to more helpful feedback. Findings suggest that affect and rapport are key features in facilitating positive outcomes in interracial mentoring relationships.

Teori perkembangan menjelaskan bahwa tahap perkembangan dewasa awal merupakan suatu siklus hidup yang tidak mudah. Ketika individu mengalami kesulitan dalam melaksanakan tugas perkembangan serta ketidak mampuan untuk segera menyelesaikan masalah yang sedang dialami, individu akan cenderung mengalami stress. Lazarus dan Folkman (1984) mengatakan ada dua cara untuk mengatasi stress yaitu problem focused coping dan emotion focused coping. Â Biasanya orang-orang yang menggunakan emotion focused coping untuk mengtasi stress cenderung akan seneng berbagi informasi mengenai keadaan dirinya terhadap orang lain. Berbagi informasi mengenai keadaan dirinya pada orang lain dapat disebut self disclosure. Berkembangnya zaman membuat self disclosure dilakukan secara tidak langsung atau dilakukan dengan cara melalui media sosial. Penggunaan media sosial membuat penggunanya untuk membuat suatu konten.. Tulisan ini secara kritis menelaah literature mengenai self disclosure pada penggunaan media sosial instagram oleh perempuan dewasa awal. Tulisan ini juga akan berisi mengenai faktor ,aspek dan hasil penelitian sebelumnya mengenai self disclosure dimedia sosial.

Media sosial, seperti Instagram, Facebook dan WhatsApp memudahkan proses interaksi dan komunikasi. Calabai sebagai komunitas di Sulawesi Selatan juga memanfaatkan media sosial tersebut untuk berkomunikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan pemanfaatan media sosial di kalangan calabai di Sulawesi Selatan. Metode penelitian adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan tiga orang calabai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media sosial dominan di kalangan calabai adalah Instagram, Facebook dan WhatsApp. Pemanfaatan media sosial calabai untuk bisnis dan mempromosikan pekerjaan sebagai indo’botting. Calabai juga menggunakan media sosial sebagai sarana mengaktualisasikan diri, kebebasan berekspresi, menambah pertemanan baik komunitas calabai maupun masyarakat. Media sosial meningkatkan potensi keterbukaan diri calabai dalam mengaktualisasikan diri dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Social media, such as Instagram, Facebook and WhatsApp, facilitate the process of interaction and communication. Calabai, as a community in South Sulawesi, also uses social media to communicate. This study aims to describe the use of social media among calabai in South Sulawesi. The research is a qualitative descriptive study using in-depth interviews with three calabai. The results showed that the dominant use of social media among calabai were Instagram, Facebook and WhatsApp. The utilization of social media by calaibai is for business and promoting work as indo'botting. Calabai also deploys social media as a means of self- actualization, freedom of expression, adding friendships to both the calabai community and the wider community. Social media increases the self-disclosure of calabai for self-actualization in social life.

In China, acute stigma accompanying an HIV diagnosis can lead to self-isolation. In a cultural setting where family relationships are highly valued and contribute critically to well-being, such self-isolation can thwart HIV self-management and engagement in medical care, and so heighten risk for health disparities. To understand this phenomenon, we conducted individual in-depth interviews with 34 persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLwHA) in Shanghai and Beijing. Inductive content analysis revealed a range of forms of self-isolation motivation, beliefs, and behaviors influenced by: 1) internalized stigma and desire to avoid discrimination; 2) HIV-related factors such as HIV knowledge and disease progression; and 3) familial factors such as a sense of responsibility and family members' reactions. Based on a proposed framework centering on dialectical family influences (whereby PLwHA are pushed away from, yet pulled toward the family fold), implications for provision of multidisciplinary care in medical settings are considered, including culturally appropriate strategies to decrease health disparities.

Feeling loved by one's parents is critical for children's health and well-being. How can such feelings be fostered? A vital feature of loving interactions is reciprocal self-disclosure, where individuals disclose intimate information about themselves. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we examined whether encouraging reciprocal self-disclosure in parent-child dyads would make children feel more loved during the conversation. Participants were 218 children (ages 8-13, 50% girls, 94% Dutch) and one of their parents (ages 28-56, 62% women, 90% Dutch). Parent-child dyads received a list of 14 questions and took turns asking them each other for 9 min. Dyads were assigned randomly to engage in self-disclosure (questions invoking escalated intimacy) or small talk (questions invoking minimal intimacy). Before and after, children reported how loved they felt by their parent during the conversation. Self-disclosure made children feel more loved during the conversation than did small talk. Compared to small talk, self-disclosure did not instigate conversations that were lengthier or more positive; rather, it instigated conversations that were more emotionally charged (reflecting anger, anxiety, and sadness), social (discussing family and friends), reflective (creating insight), and meaningful (addressing deeply personal topics, including the passing of loved ones). The dyad's gender composition did not significantly moderate these effects. Our research suggests that reciprocal self-disclosure can make children feel more loved in the moment, uncovers linguistic signatures of reciprocal self-disclosure, and offers developmental scientists a tool to examine causal effects of reciprocal self-disclosure in parent-child dyads. Future work should examine long-term effects in everyday parent-child interactions. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: How can parents make children feel more loved by them in the moment? We theorize that these feelings can be cultivated through reciprocal self-disclosure. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we examined effects of reciprocal self-disclosure versus small talk in 218 parent-child dyads, with children aged 8-13. Self-disclosure (vs. small talk) made children feel more loved during the conversation. Linguistically, self-disclosure instigated conversations that were more emotionally charged, social, reflective, and meaningful. This research provides an experimental method to study self-disclosure in parent-child dyads and suggests that self-disclosure can make children feel more loved in the moment., (© 2024 The Authors. Developmental Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Although much research has shown that parental psychological control undermines adolescents' routine disclosure to parents, past research has not examined whether the effects of psychological control on disclosure are domain-specific and mediated by the quality of adolescents' interactions with mothers and fathers. The present one-year longitudinal study examined whether parental support and negative interactions with each parent mediated longitudinal associations between adolescents' ratings of psychological control and adolescents' disclosure about routine prudential, personal, and multifaceted activities, as defined by social domain theory. These issues were examined over one year in 174 mostly White (74%), U.S. middle class middle adolescents (M = 15.70 years, SD = 0.63, 83 males). Greater parental psychological control was associated over time with less disclosure to both parents about personal activities and less disclosure to fathers about multifaceted issues. Perceived declines in support fully mediated the effects of psychological control on adolescent disclosure to mothers about personal issues and partially mediated the effects on disclosure to fathers about personal and multifaceted issues. In addition, negative interactions led to decreased disclosure about prudential issues. Thus, perceived psychological control and relationship quality had domain-specific and parent-specific longitudinal effects on adolescent disclosure to parents about their routine activities., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: To explore the relationship between loneliness and post-traumatic growth, with a focus on the mediating role of psychological resilience and self-disclosure., Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey using the Loneliness Scale for Cancer Patients, the Distress Expression Index Scale (for measuring self-disclosure), the Psychological Resilience Scale, and the Posttraumatic Growth Scale on 215 inpatients with gynecologic malignancies at a tertiary care hospital in Guangzhou. Subsequently, Correlation, regression, and mediation analyses were performed using SPSS to test the relationships between the variables., Results: The results showed that loneliness was negatively correlated with posttraumatic growth (r = -0.261, P < 0.001), self-disclosure was positively correlated with posttraumatic growth (r = 0.360, P < 0.001), and psychological resilience was positively correlated with posttraumatic growth (r = 0.475, P < 0.001); loneliness was correlated with self-disclosure (r = -0.194, P < 0.01), loneliness was negatively correlated with psychological resilience (r = -0.287, P < 0.001), self-disclosure was correlated with psychological resilience (r = 0.287, P < 0.001); loneliness was significantly correlated with self-disclosure (r = -0.314, P < 0.001); loneliness was not a direct predictor of posttraumatic growth (β = -0.108, t = 1.734, P > 0.05), but could influence posttraumatic growth through the mediated effect of self-disclosure and psychological resilience, where the total indirect effect of self-disclosure and psychological resilience was - 0.155 (95% CI: -0.236, -0.081, P < 0.001)., Conclusions: The mechanism of loneliness on post-traumatic growth in patients with gynecologic malignancies is mainly through the indirect effect of self-disclosure and the indirect impact of psychological resilience. Great attention should be paid to patients' loneliness, to find factors promoting patients' self-disclosure, to improve the level of patients' psychological resilience, and promote post-traumatic growth of gynecologic malignant tumors., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Mental health in LGBTQ+ community is often challenged by stigma, prejudice, and discrimination. The "social distancing" public health measures during COVID-19 epidemic have exacerbated the trend. During the pandemic, many took to social media as an outlet for sharing their feelings and in search of connection. Social media may help alleviate loneliness-an increasingly prevalent condition associated with both physical and mental health issues. In this study, we examine 147,736 Twitter posts mentioning loneliness by users who self-identify as part of the LGBTQ+ community, posted before and during the COVID-19 lockdowns. We find that, compared to the year before COVID-19, these users posted 67% more loneliness self-disclosures during the first year of COVID-19. Examining the emotional content of these tweets, we find frequent references to depression, dysphoria, and suicidal ideation. During COVID-19, the users mentioned more "pain" and "numbness" in association with the lack of social and physical contact. However, many found Twitter to be a safe space to express these feelings. The replies to these disclosures were rare: only about 29% received one. Using a large dataset of self-disclosures, we reveal quantitatively and qualitatively the disclosure around loneliness by LGBTQ+ users at an unprecedented time of social isolation.

Background:  Nurses in Eswatini are best positioned to assist adolescents living with HIV to disclose their status to others. Nonetheless, it is evident that many nurses are not actively involved in the disclosure process., Aim:  The aim of this study was to explore the process of nurses in preparing adolescents for self-disclosure and describe the role of policymakers in enabling adolescents to disclose their HIV status to others., Setting:  The study was conducted in four facilities, one from each of the four regions of the country, after getting ethical clearance from a Public University Higher Degrees Ethics Committee and the Eswatini Health and Human Research Review Board., Methods:  In-depth interviews were conducted on 28 participants: 24 nurses and 4 policymakers. The three steps of open, axial and selective coding were used to analyse data until theoretical saturation was achieved., Results:  Adolescents were assisted to disclose by providing them with HIV information to empower them, encouraged to enrol in teen club because it created a conducive environment for peer-to-peer support, and they were given ongoing psychosocial support to prepare them for self-disclosure. Adolescent HIV management workshops were not routinely done because such training relied on funders., Conclusion:  Nurses are not preparing adolescents satisfactorily to disclose. Prioritising the training of nurses would lead to a remarkable increase in the rate of HIV self-disclosure by Swati adolescents.Contribution: This study is the first of its kind in Eswatini, and the results will contribute to the review of HIV management guidelines and promote adolescent self-disclosure.

With the movement towards recovery-oriented mental health (MH) services, individuals with MH lived-experience are increasingly employed as peer providers (peers). Peers are unique in that they bring knowledge from experience and eye-level connection to service users that enhance the quality of services and humanize MH systems' culture. In Israel, hundreds of peers are employed in various roles and settings across the MH system. However, peer integration into MH services faces challenges. One issue involves the use of self-disclosure (SD) in MH services which varies with explicitness across roles and settings. This study sought to understand perspectives and experiences regarding peers' SD (use & sharing of knowledge from experience) among different stakeholders in MH health services. Six focus groups and 4 semi-structured interviews (N = 42) were conducted as a part of a larger international project (UPSIDES; ERC Horizon 2020, Moran et al., Trials 21:371, 2020). Data was transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Four categories and 7 themes were identified regarding current perspectives and experiences with peers' SD in MH organizations: (i) Restrained or cautious organizational approach to SD; (ii) Attitudes of peers to SD approach; (iii) The influence of designated peer roles on SD; and (iv) Unwarranted SD of peers working in traditional roles. The findings reveal that peers' SD in MH services is a complex process. Organizational approaches were often controlling of non-designated peers' SD practices; participants had diverse attitudes for and against peers' SD; SD occurred according to personal preferences, specific peer role and the director's approach to peers' SD; Conflictual SD dilemmas emerged in relation to service users and staff. SD sometimes occurs unwarrantely due to ill mental health. The presence of peer-designated roles positively impacts peers' SD. We interpret the current mix of views and general conduct of peer SD practice in statutory MH services as related to three aspects: 1. The presence of a traditional therapeutic SD model vs. a peer SD model - with the former currently being dominant. 2. Insufficient proficiency and skill development in peers' SD. 3. Stigmatic notions about peer SD among service users and staff. Together, these aspects interrelate and sometimes create a negative cycle create tension and confusion.A need to develop professionalism of peer SD in statutory services is highlighted alongside enhancing staff and service user acknowledgement of the value of peer SD. Developing peer-designated roles can positively impacts peer SD in MH statutory services. Training, support, and organizational interventions are required to further support for peer-oriented SD and the enhancement of a person-centered and recovery orientation of MH services., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The college transition is a time of great emotional lability, and sharing emotional experiences with parents can be beneficial for first-year students. Guided by the social sharing of emotions framework and the cultural theory on self-construal, this study investigated the developmental course of freshmen's emotional disclosure with parents during the first semester and the mediating role of independence-orientation in two Asian contexts-Beijing (China) and Singapore. Using experience sampling method (online diary), 205 Chinese freshmen ( M age = 19.43) and 291 Singapore freshmen ( M age = 19.44) reported on four facets of emotional disclosure with parents (frequency, intimacy, negativity, and positivity) across four timepoints and their independence-interdependence orientation (Time 1). Latent growth curve modeling comparing the two Asian samples revealed that frequency increased for Chinese students and decreased for Singapore students. Intimacy indicated upward trajectories for both Asian samples, whereas negativity and positivity showed downward trajectories but were less pronounced for Chinese students. Mediated latent growth curve modeling revealed that the cultures predicted independence-orientation, which in turn negatively predicted increase in frequency for the Singapore sample and positively predicted decrease for the Chinese sample. Independence-orientation negatively predicted increase in intimacy, positively predicted decline in negativity, and negatively predicted decline in positivity. In sum, we found complex and differentiated trajectories for the four facets of emotional disclosure in two Asian samples and the mediating role of independence-orientation in explaining cultural differences in the trajectories, which have implications for understanding emotional disclosure to parents during the developmental phase of the college transition in Asian contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Disclosing one's HIV status can involve complex individual and interpersonal processes interacting with discriminatory societal norms and institutionalized biases. To support disclosure decision-making among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) living with HIV, we developed Tough Talks™, an mHealth intervention that uses artificially intelligent-facilitated role-playing disclosure scenarios and informational activities that build disclosure skills and self-efficacy. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 YMSM living with HIV (mean age 24 years, 50% Black) who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial assessing Tough Talks™ to understand their experiences with HIV status disclosure. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically coded. Barriers to disclosure focused on fear, anxiety, stigma, and trauma. Facilitators to disclosure are described in the context of these barriers including how participants built comfort and confidence in disclosure decisions and ways the Tough Talks™ intervention helped them. Participants' narratives identified meaning-making within disclosure conversations including opportunities for educating others and advocacy. Findings revealed ongoing challenges to HIV status disclosure among YMSM and a need for clinical providers and others to support disclosure decision-making and affirm individuals' autonomy over their decisions to disclose. Considering disclosure as a process rather than discrete events could inform future intervention approaches., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Objectives: To examine the relationship between self-disclosure, social support, and psychological distress among caregivers of patients with advanced lung cancer, the study also examined the factors that impact psychological distress and the effect of social support on the relationship between self-disclosure and psychological distress., Methods: A total of 288 caregivers of patients with advanced lung cancer were selected using a convenience sampling method from December 2022 to July 2023 at a tertiary hospital in China. Participants' self-disclosure, perceived social support, and psychological distress were assessed by corresponding questionnaires, respectively. Mediating effects were detected using Amos 26.0 software., Results: The total scores for psychological distress, perceived social support, and self-disclosure of caregivers were 28.62 ± 6.45, 55.22 ± 7.81, and 38.39 ± 5.64, respectively. Correlation analysis suggested that psychological distress in caregivers was negatively correlated with both perceived social support and self-disclosure. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that self-disclosure and perceived social support were influential factors of caregivers' psychological distress. Moreover, perceived social support partially mediated the relationship between self-disclosure and psychological distress, accounting for 54.37% of the total effect., Conclusion: Caregivers of patients with advanced lung cancer experience significant psychological distress. Self-disclosure can affect caregivers' psychological distress directly and indirectly through perceived social support. Healthcare professionals should be attentive to caregivers' psychological distress and carry out relevant nursing measures to improve caregivers' self-disclosure and social support to promote their physical and mental health., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Within romantic relationships, secret-keeping has been related to negative outcomes whereas self-disclosure has been related to positive outcomes. Exploring young adult women's pornography use disclosures to their romantic partners can provide further avenues for understanding aspects of sexual and relational health. Using an open-ended survey informed by the Revelation Risk Model (RRM), this study explored young adult women's reasons and perceived relational outcomes of disclosing their pornography use to their romantic partners. Data from 32 young adult women ( M  = 20.8 years old), were thematically analyzed. Women in our sample reported disclosing for three main reasons: disclosed to be close, disclosed because we are intimate, and speaking our minds. They also reported that their disclosures resulted in emotional, sexual, or no relational changes. Further, we found that women who engaged in more in-depth conversations following their pornography disclosures perceived there to be more positive relational changes in comparison to women who had surface-level conversations following their pornography disclosures.

Background: Sharing a dementia diagnosis with others is a prerequisite to accessing important support for social, cognitive, and physical activity. However, due to the stigma associated with dementia, individuals may be hesitant to disclose their diagnosis. Despite the importance of this issue, there is limited research on personal experiences with sharing one's diagnosis. This study explored how people with young-onset dementia disclose their diagnosis to other people, also known as self-disclosure, and how time affects self-disclosure., Methods: We conducted an exploratory qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews with nine people with young-onset dementia living in the United Kingdom (UK). A narrative approach to analysis was applied, focusing on understanding the core narratives, themes, tone, and imagery of each participant's narratives as well as providing a cross-case analysis to identify patterns across narratives., Results: Participants openly disclosed their diagnosis, accepting it as an illness that did not define their identity. Several were met with stigmatizing reactions, which affected their levels of openness, and a lack of understanding, which caused shrinking social networks for some. Peer support groups, advocacy activities, and strategic concealment were used to support self-disclosure., Conclusion: This study provides a holistic understanding of people with young-onset dementia's experiences with self-disclosure and how these evolved. Policies should prioritize the creation of dementia-friendly communities, while recommendations for practice include integrating empowerment interventions and peer support into post-diagnostic support. These efforts will support individuals in their self-disclosure journey, promote social engagement and reduce stigma., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Kohl et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Aim: This article is part of the EKB-study which explores lived crisis and treatment experiences of mental health professionals in Berlin and Brandenburg. It addresses the disclosure of mental health workers' lived experiences in their workplace., Method: An online survey was conducted among 182 mental health professionals, containing questions on disclosure of lived experiences. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically., Results: Participants reported disclosure mainly to supervisors and affiliated colleagues. Experiences were mostly positive, with severe negative exceptions. Central motives against disclosure were fear of vulnerability, fear of compromising professional identity, and shame., Conclusions: Disclosure of lived crisis experiences is not always the proper strategy for mental health professionals. Disclosure may be a means of reducing public and internalized stigma., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

This study examines links between self-disclosure and relationship quality with close friends from adolescence to adulthood. A diverse community sample of adolescents (N = 184) participated in survey and observational measures annually from ages 13 through 29, along with their close friends and romantic partners. Random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling (RICLPM) was used to parse markers of within-individual change from age 13 to 18. Long-term longitudinal path models also investigated cascading associations among self-disclosure and relationship quality, on aggregate, from adolescence to adulthood. Adolescents who reported a higher-quality friendship in a given year demonstrated greater-than-expected increases in self-disclosure the following year, and an adolescent demonstrated high self-disclosure one year reported greater-than-expected increases in friendship quality the following year. Higher mean self-disclosure in adolescence predicted higher mean self-disclosure in adulthood. Results are interpreted as identifying high-quality adolescent friendships as key contexts for developing intimacy-building capacities (i.e. self-disclosure), which sets the stage for satisfying close relationships in adulthood., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Research on Adolescence published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Research on Adolescence.)

Objectives: Videoconference psychotherapy (VCP) is a crucial component of many health care systems, allowing for remote delivery of services. However, little is known about the mechanisms of change within VCP. Previous research has suggested that self-disclosure may be greater in VCP than face-to-face modalities and was investigated in the current study., Design: Young adults aged 18-25 years (N = 57) were randomly allocated to face-to-face or VCP interview conditions, with measures completed pre- and post-interview., Methods: Participants completed an autobiographical memory task, requiring them to describe specific memories in response to positive and negative valence cue words. Measures included self-reported self-disclosure, blind observer-rated self-disclosure, memory specificity, and mean number of words per response., Results: No significant differences were found between conditions with regard to self-reported self-disclosure, capacity to recall specific memories, or words uttered per response. However, observer-rated depth of self-disclosure was significantly higher for participants in the face-to-face than VCP condition. Self-disclosure and memory specificity were also significantly greater for negative than positive valence cue words, regardless of condition., Conclusions: The findings indicate that whilst participants may be able to draw on memories with equal ease regardless of interview modality, in VCP, emotional processing of these memories may require increased support and guidance from the therapist., (© 2024 The Author(s). Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The British Psychological Society.)

Objective: The current study applied survival analysis to examine factors associated with nondisclosure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus among mothers living with HIV (MLH) who had participated in a cognitive-behavioral intervention to disclose their HIV status to their children., Method: Data were utilized from MLH in the intervention arm of the teaching, raising, and communicating with kids (TRACK; Schulte et al., 2021) trial focusing on serostatus disclosure/nondisclosure across four time points (baseline, 3, 9, and 15 months). MLH ( M age = 39.4) resided in California or Georgia and identified as Latina (33%), Black (54%), White (5%), or multiracial (8%). Physical, mental health, and psychosocial measures from the 3-month assessment were used to predict nondisclosure applying Cox regression survival analysis., Results: Nondisclosure was associated with MLH reporting better physical and mental health, less conflict with their child, better cohesion within their families, and less perceived stigma. MLH reporting better physical functioning were 58% less likely to disclose compared to those reporting physical limitations (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.42). Those reporting lower levels of disclosure self-efficacy were 59% less likely to disclose than those reporting higher levels (HR = 2.47); by 67 weeks into the study, the nondisclosure rate was 56% for those reporting lower self-efficacy compared to 24% for those reporting higher self-efficacy., Conclusions: Addressing the inclination not to disclose when the MLH is feeling healthy may be an aspect to incorporate into future interventions. Furthermore, improving disclosure self-efficacy to a high level appears to be a critical component to intervention success. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective This study investigated the reasons why pedohebephilic clients disclose their sexual attraction to children in therapy and the experiences associated with this decision among English-speaking samples. Method : The pre-registered online survey combined (1) quantitative correlational data of self-reported improvement, alliance, therapist reaction to disclosure, and the belief that mandatory reporting laws were in place, and (2) qualitative data about reasons for disclosure or no disclosure as well as perceived consequences. The sample consisted of pedohebephilic people who have been clients in therapy and have disclosed ( n  = 96) or not disclosed ( n  = 40). Results: While the disclosure and no disclosure groups did not differ in improvement or beliefs about mandatory reporting, those who had disclosed reported a stronger alliance. Clients who did not perceive the therapist's reaction as supportive reported less improvement than the no disclosure group. Thematic analysis of qualitative data identified three themes concerning motives for disclosing or not disclosing and a fourth regarding differential impacts of disclosure. Discussion : This study indicates that disclosing pedohebephilia does not in and of itself lead to improvement but is contingent on a therapist's reaction.

Objective: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents disproportionately report disordered eating, yet have primarily been considered under a larger SGM umbrella. The current study 1) compared disordered eating between sexual minority (SM) and gender minority (GM) adolescents; 2) examined how general psychological factors (self‐esteem, depression, and stress) and SGM‐specific factors (e.g., feelings about SGM identity, access to SGM resources) were associated with disordered eating; and 3) examined whether associations between these factors differed for SM versus GM adolescents. Method: SGM adolescents in the U.S. (N = 8814; 35.0% GM; 43.7% cisgender girls; 66.9% White; Mage = 15.6) reported their disordered eating, depressive symptoms, stress, self‐esteem, and SGM‐related experiences on an anonymous, cross‐sectional online survey. Results: GM adolescents exhibited a higher prevalence of clinical threshold disordered eating than SM adolescents. Self‐esteem was associated with lower odds of caloric restriction, purging, and binge eating. Depression was associated with higher odds of caloric restriction, diet pill use, purging, laxatives, and binge eating. Stress was associated with higher odds of purging. Associations were stronger for GM adolescents' caloric restriction. Positive feelings about SGM identity were associated with lower odds of caloric restriction, purging, and binge eating, whereas greater stress of "coming out" was associated with higher odds of caloric restriction, purging, and binge eating. Discussion: These results suggest that SGM adolescents' disordered eating is associated with both general psychological factors and unique SGM experiences. Results highlight the importance of considering how the unique experiences of SGM youth may leave them vulnerable to disordered eating behaviors. Public Significance Statement: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth are disproportionately affected by disordered eating. The current study found that higher depression and stress, and lower self‐esteem, were associated with SGM adolescents' disordered eating. Furthermore, unique SGM experiences, such as stress about coming out, were also associated with eating pathology. Results highlight the importance of considering SGM adolescents' perceptions of their identity and social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additional barriers to self-disclosure of HIV status exist for people living with HIV (PLH) with a history of drug use. The objectives of this study were to explore the extent of HIV disclosure, sexual practice patterns and the relationships between HIV disclosure and unprotected sex among Vietnamese male PLH with a history of drug use. We used cross-sectional data of a sample of 133 PLH collected from a randomized controlled intervention trial in Vietnam. More than one-quarter of the participants reported not disclosing their HIV status to any sexual partners. Self-reported rates of condom use were 67.8, 51.1 and 32.6% with regular, casual, and commercial partners, respectively. Unprotected sex, testing positive for heroin, and fewer years since HIV diagnosis were significantly associated with lower level of HIV disclosure. Future intervention programs should focus on the complex interplay among HIV disclosure, drug use, and unprotected sexual practices in this vulnerable population.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) are key populations in the HIV epidemic. HIV status communication between sex partners can inform decisions regarding sexual behavior. MSM and TW were asked about HIV status communication with sex partners at baseline, 9- and 18-months. GEE models assessed associations with HIV status communication at baseline using prevalence ratios (PRs) and longitudinally using odds ratios (ORs). At baseline, those who had previously had an HIV test, disclosed their HIV status to 42 % of their sex partners. HIV status communication was associated with knowing their sex partner's HIV status at baseline (aPR 5.20) and longitudinally (aOR 1.86). HIV positivity at baseline was negatively associated with HIV status communication during follow-up (aOR 0.55). All reported aPRs and aORs have p

In this study, it has been aimed to determine the tendency of nursing students' individualistic distress disclosure about the unpleasant events they experience on a daily basis and their perceived social support levels and to examine the relationship between these variables. This cross-sectional and correlational type study has been conducted with 386 nursing students studying at a state university. In the evaluation of the data, mean, standard deviation, percentage, mode and median from statistical methods have been used. Spearman correlation analysis has been used to evaluate the relationships between the variables. The cut-off value of statistical significance has been determined as p<0.05. The median score of the subjective distress disclosure has been found to be 41.00, and the median score of the multidimensional perceived social support scale has been found to be 63.00. In the study, it has been determined that there was a positive and significant relationship between the tendency of nursing students to reveal their distress disclosure and the perception of social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the author begins with a brief history of the concept of the analytical field and then outlines some cornerstones of Bionian theory: the theory of mind, the way of understanding the unconscious, the use of the concept of container/content, and the importance of the oscillation between negative capability and selected fact. The author then dwells on the way in which, in BFT, the 'third' in analysis is understood, and on the oneiric quality of the analytical session.The article then explores the 'contaminations' that the field model has undergone by hermeneutic and narratology, and then explores the clinical dimension. Unsaturated interpretations, the use of reveries in the session, playing in analysis, and character theory are the fundamental points of the clinic in BFT. The author then addresses a number of controversial points which have been the subject of debate in the analytical community: the status of external reality in the session, the risk of unsaturated analytical interventions, the use of self-disclosure, and the way in which the conclusion of the analysis is to be reconsidered. The final part is dedicated to outlining the development of narrative function as one of the goals of the analytical experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowdays the hijrah culture is becoming a trend. Not a few Muslim women who emigrated by wearing the veil as a face covering, but then it became a challenge for them when they get discrimination, which is linked to terrorism. The phenomenon of veiled Muslim women in Indonesia continues to increase until it has become a trendy outfit as evidenced by the number of veiled Muslim women who are increasingly open on Instagram in expressing themselves. This study uses a constructivist paradigm with qualitative methods and a phenomenological approach. The subject of the study is five Muslimah Instagram users. This study found that there was expressive self-disclosure with enlarged open areas (open self) and Islamic self-disclosure with enlarged hidden self areas. There are functions of expression, self validation, social control and relationship development experienced by veiled Muslim women, and there is no function of self clarification. This study concluded that Muslims on Instagram can influence the community in removing the negative stigma of muslims and giving direction to other muslims to stay open and not shut away from society.

The Internet offers an alternative context in which personal experiences with sexual violence can be shared. It has been suggested that victims experience lower barriers to disclosing their stories in a digital environment due to an online disinhibition effect and mainly anonymity. However, little is known about the lived experiences of victims who have shared their experiences online regarding these disinhibiting affordances of the Internet. Twenty-three interviews with victims were conducted to understand the digital affordances involved in the online disclosure of sexual victimization. The results suggest that the Internet offers several opportunities (visibility management, asynchronicity, and connectivity) and constraints (lack of non-verbal communication, disclosing online is irreversible, and Internet as a source of triggers) when disclosing sexual violence victimization online. We learn that disclosures are informed by previous experiences and weighed against digital affordances. Victims use multiple platforms or multiple accounts on the same platform and manipulate anonymity and visibility through the settings of online platforms. The Internet offers a potential for informal online peer support. The results have practical implications for victims, clinicians, and support providers for guiding the disclosure process. Furthermore, a re-evaluation and nuance of the online disinhibition theory is suggested. Suggestions for future research are made., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author declared no potential conflicts of interests with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

VOICE-a phase 2B, placebo-controlled, randomized trial testing daily use of an antiretroviral tablet (tenofovir or Truvada) or daily use of tenofovir gel in 5029 women from South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe-found none of the drug regimens effective in reducing HIV-1 acquisition in the intent-to-treat analysis. More than half of women assigned to active products in a case cohort sample had no drug detected in any plasma specimens tested during the trial. Yet, in response to questions asked of participants during the trial, ≥90 % of doses were reportedly taken. To explore factors associated with low adherence, a behavioral termination visit questionnaire was developed after early closure of the oral tenofovir and vaginal gel arms. We hypothesized that participants would be more forthcoming about nonuse after they exited the trial than during monthly/quarterly follow-up visits. Comparison of adherence reporting at routine follow-up visits with reporting at trial termination, however, indicates that disclosure of product nonadherence did not increase at the termination visit as anticipated. In resource-limited settings where women value the ancillary benefits provided by trial participation and are concerned that disclosure of nonuse may jeopardize trial participation, objective measures of adherence may yield more meaningful data regarding the inability or reluctance to use than measures of product use derived from self-report.

The decision to disclose HIV serostatus is a complex and a challenging task because of potential stigma, blame, and fear associated with HIV infection. Despite continued research on HIV disclosure, literature on HIV disclosure to community is still scarce. The purpose of the study is to describe patterns of HIV status disclosure to community members in a sample of HIV-infected men and women in rural China. This study used the baseline data of a randomized controlled intervention trial for HIV-affected families in China. The data was collected between late 2011 to early 2013. In addition to demographic and HIV-related clinical characteristics, we collected the extent of HIV disclosure to members within the community. We first calculated descriptive statistics and frequencies to describe the demographics of the sample. We then compared the extents of HIV disclosure to different community members. We performed chi-square tests to determine whether the demographic and socioeconomic variables were associated with the extent of HIV disclosure to community. A total of 522 PLH were included in the study. The results show that age and family income are associated with the extent of disclosure of HIV status to members within the community, including neighbor, village leaders, people in the village, and coworkers. More disclosures were found among older age groups. People with less family income tend to disclose more to the community than those with higher family income. There is a need to explore the association of HIV disclosure to the community to help realize the public health and personal implications of disclosure. Our results underscore the potential benefits of age and socioeconomic status-specific interventions in the efforts to dispel barriers to HIV status disclosure to the community.

Multiple psychosocial conditions tend to co-occur and contribute to higher risk for HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM), a phenomenon known as syndemics. Less is known about moderating factors that may attenuate the relation between syndemic conditions and sexual risk-taking. We examined disclosure of same-sex sexual behavior or "outness" as a moderating factor of the syndemic effect. We recruited a sample of MSM (n = 191) using respondent-driven sampling in Tijuana, Mexico. Participants completed a survey of syndemic conditions (i.e., substance use, depression, violence, internalized homophobia, and sexual compulsivity), sexual risk-taking (i.e., condom unprotected anal sex with a stranger in the past 2 months), and the degree to which they are "out" about sex with men. Consistent with previous research, we found that men who report more syndemic conditions show a greater prevalence of sexual risk-taking. As predicted, men who were out to more people showed a weaker association between syndemic conditions and sexual risk-taking, whereas men who were out to fewer people showed the strongest association. This study is the first to provide evidence of "outness" as a moderating factor that attenuates syndemic effects on sexual risk-taking. Building upon previous research, the data suggest that "outness" may be a resilience factor for MSM in Tijuana. HIV prevention intervention implications are discussed.

Parents who are HIV-positive confront difficult decisions regarding whether, when, and how to disclose their HIV status to their children. In China, a setting of acute HIV stigma where family harmony is culturally valued, limited research has been conducted on parental disclosure. We aimed to develop a model of parental disclosure that accounts for the cultural context in China based on a mixed-methods study. In our individual, in-depth interviews (N = 24) as well as survey data (N = 84) collected from parents living with HIV in Shanghai and Beijing, we found the primary barriers to disclosure were stigma, fear of exposing the mode by which they acquired HIV, psychologically burdening the child, rejection by the child, and negative social consequences for the family. Parents concurrently cited many motivations for disclosure, such as disease progression, ensuring safety of the child, gaining assistance, and fulfilling their parental responsibility. Most parents had not actively disclosed their HIV status (68 %); many parents reported some form of partial disclosure (e.g., sharing they have a blood disease but not labeling it HIV), unplanned disclosure, or unintentional disclosure to their children by other people. Findings informed the development of a Chinese Parental HIV Disclosure Model, with primary components accounting for distal cultural factors, decision-making (balancing approach and avoid motivations), the disclosure event, and outcomes resulting from the disclosure. This model highlights the cultural context of the Chinese parental disclosure process, and may be useful in guiding future observational research and intervention work.

With the prevalence of mental health problems today, designing human-robot interaction for mental health intervention is not only possible, but critical. The current experiment examined how three types of robot disclosure (emotional, technical, and by-proxy) affect robot perception and human disclosure behavior during a stress-sharing activity. Emotional robot disclosure resulted in the lowest robot perceived safety. Post-hoc analysis revealed that increased perceived stress predicted reduced human disclosure, user satisfaction, robot likability, and future robot use. Negative attitudes toward robots also predicted reduced intention for future robot use. This work informs on the possible design of robot disclosure, as well as how individual attributes, such as perceived stress, can impact human robot interaction in a mental health context.

The background of this research is the low self-disclosure of students in the College of Islamic Guidance and Counseling X. The purpose of this research are to explain of self-disclosure in Islamic Guidance and Counseling students with a review of the target and discussion topics. The Method was descriptive quantitative research. The research population was the students of guidance and counseling. The sample counsists of 122 students with Random Sampling technique. The research instrument used a Self Disclosure Scale with 54 statement items (r = 0.91029). The Data analyzed by using descriptive. The result of determined that most student only give their information only in general, and some students have not been able to share their information with others. The results of this study also indicate that the significant person in self disclosure is the mother and the most open discussion topic on the topic of interests and tastes. Researchers suggest further action research in the form of training to improve self-disclosure given the importance of self-disclosure skills in student guidance and counseling.

Objective: This study adopted a dyadic analysis method to examine the effect of perceived stress on emotional distress and determine whether relationship satisfaction and distress disclosure act as mediators in colorectal cancer (CRC) enterostomy patient-caregiver dyads., Methods: A total of 312 patient-caregiver dyads completed measures assessing perceived stress, relationship satisfaction, distress disclosure, and emotional distress. The data were analyzed using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model., Results: This study found that the perceived stress of patients and caregivers both had direct and indirect actor effects on emotional distress (through relationship satisfaction). Another important finding is that perceived stress had indirect actor-partner effects (through distress disclosure) on emotional distress., Conclusions: This study highlights that perceived stress, relationship satisfaction, and distress disclosure of patients and their caregivers are key factors that can be considered for improving emotional distress. It also partially confirmed the interdependence of patients with CRC and their caregivers., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Authors.)

To examine whether different types of disclosure made by climate scientists on social media influence perceived source credibility (i.e. competence, integrity, benevolence) and likability, we conducted a 2 (self-disclosure type: personal vs political) × 3 (proportion of posts including a self-disclosure: 20% vs 50% vs 80%) × 2 (gender identity of scientist: male vs female) between-subjects experiment ( N = 734). We found that people liked the scientist more for a personal than political disclosure, rated them as being more competent for a political disclosure, and liked a female scientist more than a male scientist. However, scientist's gender did not moderate the effect of disclosure type or the effect of participants' gender. Our results suggest distinct benefits when scientists deliver different types of messages on social media, although disclosure is unlikely to have substantial effects on lay judgments of scientists' credibility.