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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of fluorinated synthetic chemicals that are highly recalcitrant, toxic, and bio-accumulative and have been detected in biosolids worldwide, posing potential risks to humans and the environment. Recent studies suggest that the organic C-F bond in PFAS can be destructed and potentially mineralised into inorganic fluorides during thermal treatment. This study focuses on thermodynamic equilibrium investigations and the fate of fluorine compounds post-PFAS destruction during biosolid thermal treatment. The results indicate that gas-phase fluorine compounds are mainly hydrogen fluoride (HF) and alkali fluorides, whereas solid-phase fluorine compounds include alkaline earth fluorides and their spinels. High moisture and oxygen content in the volatiles increased the concentration of HF in the gas phase. However, adding minerals reduced the emission of HF in the gas phase significantly and enhanced the capture of fluorine as CaF2 spinel in the solid phase. This study also investigates the effect of feedstock composition on the fate of fluorine. High ash content and low volatile matter in the feedstock reduced HF gas emissions and increased fluorine capture in the solid product. The findings of this work are useful in designing thermal systems with optimised operating conditions for minimising the release of fluorinated species during the thermal treatment of PFAS-containing biosolids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of the debt burden of the population of the regions of Russia due to the growth of unsecured consumer loans is contrary to plans to ensure economic development. It is necessary to eliminate the threat of excessive lending as a risk factor for the security of households and the economy as a whole. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of lending and the level of creditworthiness of the population as a risk factor for the socio-economic security of the region and develop initiatives to reduce the negative impact of this factor on the economy of the region. The following research methods are used: bibliographic method, statistical and economic-mathematical research methods. During the study, the following results were achieved: a) an analysis of the volumes and risks of lending to individuals is presented; b) the analysis of the creditworthiness of the population in the regions is presented (on the example of the Volga Federal District); c) initiatives were proposed to reduce the impact of debt on the living standards of the population and the economy of the regions of the Volga Federal District.

In an article published in Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Hiroshi Nishihara et al. present a new method for creating lateral heterojunctions in two-dimensional materials. These heterojunctions have rectifying properties and are formed by immersing a coordination nanosheet made from zinc ions and benzenehexathiol into iron and copper salt solutions. This research has implications for utilizing the attractive properties of two-dimensional materials more effectively. The authors of the article include Choon Meng Tan, Naoya Fukui, Kenji Takada, Hiroaki Maeda, Ekaterina Selezneva, Cédric Bourgès, Hiroyasu Masunaga, Sono Sasaki, Kazuhito Tsukagoshi, Takao Mori, Henning Sirringhaus, and Hiroshi Nishihara. [Extracted from the article]

In an article published in Angewandte Chemie, Hiroshi Nishihara et al. present a new method for creating lateral heterojunctions in two-dimensional materials. These heterojunctions have rectifying properties and can be fabricated by immersing a coordination nanosheet made from zinc ions and benzenehexathiol into iron and copper salt solutions. This research has implications for utilizing the attractive properties of two-dimensional materials more effectively. The authors of the article include Choon Meng Tan, Naoya Fukui, Kenji Takada, Hiroaki Maeda, Ekaterina Selezneva, Cédric Bourgès, Hiroyasu Masunaga, Sono Sasaki, Kazuhito Tsukagoshi, Takao Mori, Henning Sirringhaus, and Hiroshi Nishihara. [Extracted from the article]