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Study Design Randomized controlled animal experiment. Objectives To determine and compare the efficacy of riluzole, MPS and the combination of two drugs in a rat model with acute spinal trauma, electrophysiologically and histopathologically. Methods 59 rats were divided into 4 groups as control, riluzole (6 mg/kg, every 12 hours for 7 days), MPS (30 mg/kg, 2nd and 4th hours after injury) and riluzole + MPS. Spinal trauma was created and the subjects were followed for 7 days. Electrophysiological recordings were made via neuromonitoring. The subjects were sacrificed and histopathological examination was made. Results For the amplitude values, mean alteration in the period from the spinal cord injury to the end of the 7th day is 15.89 ± 20.00%, 210.93 ± 199.44%, 24.75% ± 10.13% increase and 18.91 ± 30.01% decrease for the control, riluzole, riluzole + MPS and MPS groups, respectively. Although the riluzole treatment group produced the greatest increase in amplitude, it was observed that no treatment provided a significant improvement compared to the control group, in terms of latency and amplitude. It was observed that there was significantly less cavitation area in the riluzole treatment group compared to the control group ( P = .020). ( P < .05). Conclusions Electrophysiologically, no treatment was found to provide significant improvement. Histopathologically, it was observed that riluzole provided significant neural tissue protection.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency of the capnography monitoring added to routine monitoring on oxygen desaturation, hypoxemia, and other vital parameters. Methods: 100 adult patients who had elective vitrectomy under sedation were included in this study. Patients were divided into “experiment”(capnography added to routine monitoring) and “control”(capnography not added to routine monitoring) groups. Hypoxemia, desaturation, tachycardia, bradycardia, additional maneuvers for the airway were compared. Increase and decrease in end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) levels, hypoxemia, desaturation, Integrated Pulmonary Index (IPI) levels requiring attention (5-7), and intervention (1-4) were determined in the experiment group, and frequencies of them were assessed. Results: Desaturation and bradycardia rates and counts in the experiment group were significantly lower than the control group. No significant difference was seen between groups in terms of hypoxemia, tachycardia, and additional maneuvers. 76%(38/50) of experiment group patients had decrease in EtCO2, 10%(5/50) increase in EtCO2, 38%(19/50) apnea, 52%(26/50) IPI levels requiring attention, 14%(7/50) IPI levels requiring intervention. Conclusion: With addition of the capnography to routine monitoring of sedated vitrectomy patients, oxygen desaturation and bradycardia can be less likely to occur, and with instant follow-up of the EtCO2, apnea, and IPI levels; respiratory depression can be recognized before oxygen desaturation develops.

Aim: Low back pain affects many people at some point in their life. Whenever pharmacologic and other conservative treatments of chronic pain fail, ablative and interventional methods are attempted on the assumption that interrupting nerve conduction prevents central pain cognition. Pulsed radiofrequency using multifunctional epidural electrodes can be used for multiple etiologies of chronic low back and leg pain with a low complication rate and minimal side effects. Methods: The records of the 188 patients who underwent pulsed radiofrequency with multifunctional epidural electrode between October 2014 and March 2017 in Algology clinic were examined retrospectively. Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, response to straight leg raising test (SLR), lumbar range of motion, analgesic use, patient satisfaction score, need for open operation or other interventional procedure were collected. Results: VAS and SLR tests were found to be significantly improved compared with the preoperative values. The VAS scores at the 10th day and first, third and sixth months were significantly decreased compared to baseline scores (p

We aimed to compare the treatment response with simultaneous application of transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TESI) and pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) to the lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) with TESI in patients with chronic lumbar radicular pain.A total of 129 patients were enrolled. TESI was performed to 67 patients and TESI+DRG-PRF was performed to 62 patients. Demographic data, surgical records, and medications, side, and level of the procedure were recorded. Patients were evaluated on the pre-operative and post-operative 10th day, 1st and 3rd month follow-up visits, and visual analog scale (VAS, 0-10) scores, and patients' satisfaction assessment on the 3rd month follow-up were collected. A successful therapeutic response was defined as a 50% or more reduction in VAS scores.In both groups, post-operative VAS scores were significantly lower than the pre-operative levels (p0.001). VAS scores in the TESI+DRG-PRF group were significantly lower than the TESI group at all follow-up periods (p˂0.001). Reduction ratios in VAS scores were significantly higher in the TESI+DRG-PRF group in all follow-up visits (p˂-0.001). Satisfaction levels were significantly higher in the TESI+DRG-PRF group (p˂0.01).According to our study, TESI provides short-moderate pain relief in patients with chronic lumbar radicular pain. A simultaneous application of PRF in the same session with TESI should be considered as an option to improve the treatment response.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of high-dose prednisolone on the functional outcome of patients with early-stage primary frozen shoulder.MethodsEighteen patients treated with oral prednisolone at an initial dose of 1 mg/kg/day for primary frozen shoulder were retrospectively evaluated. The patients’ range of motion, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, Constant–Murley score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and visual analog scale score were recorded at baseline and at 4 weeks and 6 months after treatment.ResultsRapid recovery of shoulder motion was noted at 4 weeks with the exception of abduction, which was maintained at 6 months. Significant improvement in pain perception and the Constant–Murley score was evident at 4 weeks and extended to 6 months. The DASH and ASES scores did not show significant improvement in the first 4 weeks but were significantly improved at 6 months.ConclusionHigh-dose oral prednisolone treatment provides rapid symptom resolution that persists long after drug discontinuation. The early treatment period is characterized by marked reduction in pain and rapid recovery of shoulder motion. Improvements in functional outcomes and disability indices tend to be more subtle in the early period but significantly improve during late treatment.

Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is the first option in the treatment of pediatric kidney stones; however, optimal frequency is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to compare low frequency [60 shocks per minute (SWs/min)] and intermediate frequency [90 SWs/min] in terms of lithotripsy success, complications, cardiac arrhythmia, anesthesia time, secondary procedures, and efficiency quotient (EQ) in children. Seventy-eight consecutive children who received SWL for radiopaque renal stones between July 2016 and January 2020 were randomly divided into two groups: Group 60 (SWL frequency: 60 SWs/min) and Group 90 (SWL frequency: 90 SWs/min). After exclusion (remaining 71 children), Group 60 (n = 38) and Group 90 (n = 33) were compared using univariate analysis. The median age of children (37 girls, 34 boys) was 5 (1–16) years. Patient demographics and stone features were similar between the groups. Success rate after the last SWL session was 81.6% (n = 31) for Group 60 and 87.9% (n = 29) for Group 90 (p = 0.527). Stone-free rate after the first, second, and third sessions was 42.1%, 18.4%, and 21.1% for Group 60 and 48.5%, 27.3%, and 12.1% for Group 90, respectively. Additional treatment rate was similar between the groups. In Group 60, the EQ was 57.83, and it was 64.07 in Group 90. Median total anesthesia time was significantly longer in Group 60 (74.5 min) than in Group 90 (32 min; p

Objective This study was performed to investigate the baseline serum titanium levels in patients with short-segment titanium alloy posterior instrumentation and to assess patient-, implant-, and surgery-related factors that might affect the serum titanium level. Method Two groups of patients were included in the study. The study group comprised 39 patients who had undergone short-segment posterior instrumentation from January 2013 to June 2016. The control group comprised 11 randomly selected patients who presented to the outpatient clinic with no history of orthopedic surgery. The serum titanium levels and inter-group differences were analyzed. Results The mean serum titanium level was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group. No significant difference was observed between patients with different etiologies, implants used for fusion, numbers of instrumented segments, or postoperative durations. Conclusion The serum titanium levels of patients with posterior lumbar spinal instrumentation are significantly higher than those of the normal population even after achievement of solid fusion. These levels are not affected by the use of transverse connectors, the use of cages, the operated segments, or the duration of implants.

Sağır, Özlem (Balikesir Author), Introduction More than 300 million surgical procedures are performed each year. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after major surgery and is associated with adverse short-term and long-term outcomes. However, there is a large variation in the incidence of reported AKI rates. The establishment of an accurate epidemiology of surgery-associated AKI is important for healthcare policy, quality initiatives, clinical trials, as well as for improving guidelines. The objective of the Epidemiology of Surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) trial is to prospectively evaluate the epidemiology of AKI after major surgery using the latest Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus definition of AKI. Methods and analysis EPIS-AKI is an international prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study including 10 000 patients undergoing major surgery who are subsequently admitted to the ICU or a similar high dependency unit. The primary endpoint is the incidence of AKI within 72 hours after surgery according to the KDIGO criteria. Secondary endpoints include use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality during ICU and hospital stay, length of ICU and hospital stay and major adverse kidney events (combined endpoint consisting of persistent renal dysfunction, RRT and mortality) at day 90. Further, we will evaluate preoperative and intraoperative risk factors affecting the incidence of postoperative AKI. In an add-on analysis, we will assess urinary biomarkers for early detection of AKI. Ethics and dissemination EPIS-AKI has been approved by the leading Ethics Committee of the Medical Council North Rhine-Westphalia, of the Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster and the corresponding Ethics Committee at each participating site. Results will be disseminated widely and published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and used to design further AKI-related trials. Trial registration number NCT04165369. ©

We aimed to compare the intraoperative and post-operative analgesic activities of the preventive applied serratus anterior plane (SAP) block and infiltration block in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).The study was carried out in 60 patients aged between 18 and 80 who were eligible for elective VATS, with the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification I-II, following ethical committee approval and written informed consent form. Patients were divided into two groups as SAP (group serratus anterior plane block [SAPB]) and group infiltration block after routine monitoring and general anesthesia induction by recording demographic data after randomization. Hemodynamic data of all patients were recorded before, after induction and within intraoperative 30 min period. Patient controlled analgesia (PCA) prepared with morphine was applied to all patients postoperatively. Intraoperative hemodynamic data and opioid consumption of patients, resting time, and coughing visual analog scale, time to first PCA dose, post-operative opioid consumption, rescue analgesic requirement, mobilization times, opioid side effects, and patient and surgical team's satisfaction were evaluated.Intraoperative hemodynamic data and opioid consumption were similar between the two groups. Post-operative pain scores (0 and 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h) were lower in the SAPB group (p0.005) and time to use the first PCA (p=0.002) was longer in the SAPB group. Post-operative PCA and rescue analgesic requirement were lower in the SAPB group (p=0.002, p=0.00). It was found that the first mobilization time was shorter in the SAPB group (p=0.003), and opioid-related side effects were similar in both groups (p=0.067). Patient and surgical team satisfaction was high in the SAPB group (p=0.004, p=0.000).As a result, more effective post-operative analgesia was provided with preventively SAPB, compared to infiltration block in patients undergoing VATS.

Objective: Postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission might be required in adolescent patients following posterior fusion and instrumentation surgery for the treatment of scoliosis. We aimed to evaluate the predictive factors for mechanical ventilation and the characteristics of the patients who required an ICU stay following spinal surgery. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 85 children undergoing primary scoliosis surgery at a university-affiliated general hospital from January 2010 and June 2020 by the same spinal surgeon. The demographic data, pre- and peritoperative variables were collected and recorded. All patients underwent surgery with a combined anesthesia protocol of fentanyl and remifentanil. Results: There were 31 males (36.5%) and 54 females (63.5%). In the postoperative period, 13 patients (15.3%) were admitted to the ICU, and six of them required mechanical ventilation. Among these, three patients (50%) were extubated within the postoperative 0-12 hours, two (33.3%) within postoperative 12-24 hours, and one (16.7) after postoperative 24 hours. The major complications included acidosis (4.7%), hemodynamic instability (1.2%), hypercapnia (1.2%), hypoxemia (1.2%), and delayed extubation (1.2%). Conclusions: A smaller bodyweight percentile, neuromuscular etiology, abnormal findings in preoperative chest X-ray, additional comorbidities, and preoperative estimated risk for postoperative mechanical ventilation were among the risk factors for postoperative ICU stay. The age, height, weight, degree of the curvature, and the number of operated segments did not have an association with the postoperative outcomes.

Aim: Cardiac arrest in pregnancy is one of the most challenging clinical scenarios. Correct intervention plays a crucial role in increasing the chance of survival of both the baby and the mother. In this study we aimed to evaluate knowledge about resuscitation of parturients among anesthesiologists.Materials and Methods: A total of 356 anesthesiologists (162 anesthesiology residents, 146 anesthesiology specialists and 48 faculty member) were included in the study. The subjects of the study population were chosen among the anesthesiologists with various levels of experience who attended to national anesthesia meetings that were held from January 2015 to December 2015 in Turkey. The assessment was based on a questionnaire containing 10 questions and questions were designed to draw out knowledge deficiencies in critical areas of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in parturients. Results: There was a significant correlation between the age and the total score (r=0.198 / p=0.000). Concerning the effect of the occupational title, we found that the total score of the specialist group was significantly higher than that of the resident group (p=0.001). There was no correlation between the total score and having a CPR experience in parturients. Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that there is a lack of knowledge about the CPR in parturients in Turkey. Therefore education programs about the management of cardiac arrest and CPR in parturients should be planned and repeated on a regular basis.