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The usual melt quenching procedure was used to generate unique glass samples containing the chemicals PbF2, Al2O3, Bi2O3, B2O3, and CuO. The Al2O3 content was increased by reducing the amount of PbF2 in the samples. Subsequently, the produced samples underwent X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy measurements to conduct a comprehensive structural study. The X-ray diffraction spectra indicated the absence of distinct peaks, providing evidence for the amorphous nature of the materials. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra were obtained throughout the spectral range of 200 to 2000 cm−1. The deconvoluted spectra were afterward used to precisely determine the specific locations of the infrared (IR) bands. The infrared spectra provided evidence of distinct infrared bands associated with the borate, Pb2+, and AlO4 units present in the glass structure. The analysis of Raman spectra demonstrated that the presence of PbF2 and Al2O3 induced modifications in the network structure of the PFABBC system in the examined glass samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed alkaline earth boro-tellurite glasses were used to create and examine the effects of doping transition metal ions (namely CuO and V2O5) via the application of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The spectra seen in copper-doped glasses exhibit three parallel lines, with a fourth line merging with the perpendicular lines. These lines correspond to the typical resonance signals. The evaluation and detailed explanation of several spin-Hamiltonian and bonding factors were conducted. The findings indicate that the Cu2+ ions occupy tetragonally deformed octahedral locations, with the ground state being 2B1g. In the context of vanadium-doped glasses, it was possible to distinguish eight distinct hyperfine lines. Analysis of the spectra revealed that the value of g‖ is less than both g⊥ and ge, indicating a tetragonally compressed complex for the V4+ ions. Additionally, it was discovered that the value of A‖ is greater than A⊥, further supporting the conclusion of a tetragonally compressed complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of unique glasses, consisting of the chemical composition PbO-CdO-TeO2−B2O3−MnO2, were synthesized in order to investigate the impact of MnO2 on the physical and structural characteristics. The samples underwent analysis using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy techniques at ambient temperature. The density readings exhibited an increase from 3.895 to 3.957 g/cc, which suggests that the presence of MnO2 concentration led to the transition of BO3 units into BO4 units. The introduction of MnO2 resulted in a reduction in the band gap values, while concurrently leading to an increase in the Urbach energy. The findings of this study indicate that the presence of MnO2 in the glass structure leads to an increase in the amorphous phase. Additionally, the refractive index values were seen to rise from 2.252 to 2.279. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the aforementioned samples exhibited resonance signals at g = 4.3, g = 3.0, and g = 2.0. The resonance signal has a six-line hyperfine structure that is centred on a g-factor of 2.0. The A value of around 60 x 10−4 cm−1 signifies the presence of covalent bonding inside the anion, while an A value of approximately 100 x 10−4 cm−1 denotes the predominance of ionic bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the effect that lead fluoride on the radiation-shielding properties of lead borate glasses that contain copper ions and summarises the findings. The density of the samples was determined by using the Archimedes principle after they were created using the melt quenching procedure with the components PbF2-PbO-B2O3-CuO. It was discovered that the density of the samples rose as the amount of PbF2 rose. In order to conduct an examination of the radiation-deflecting properties of the samples, the Phy-X programme is used. Shielding characteristics such as Mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), Linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), and others were calculated with the assistance of this programme. In the low photon energy range, it was discovered that the LAC values were rather high; however, these values began to decline as the photon energy continued to increase. Both the LAC and the MAC exhibit an absorption edge at 0.1 MeV. This edge was caused by the absorption of K-electrons from Pb atoms, and it was seen in both the LAC and the MAC. The half value layer (HVL) had a flat fluctuation in the low photon energy area, however on the higher energy side it dramatically surged to its maximum values before experiencing a minor decline. This was seen in both regions of the spectrum. The presence of PbF2 in these glasses resulted in a reduction of the HVL values, and this reduction was more pronounced for samples with higher densities. The samples that include a greater concentration of PbF2 will have superior characteristics in terms of shielding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]