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Aim: To evaluate the microorganism levels on miswak toothbrushes and to investigate the effect of storage conditions. Materials and Methods: 24 Participants kept miswak toothbrushes in the bathroom and room for one month. Thioglycolate was left in the liquids by cutting 1/3 of the miswak hairs, and incubation was provided for microorganisms. Precise identification of microorganisms is achieved with VITEK® 2 Compact. The periodontal health of the participants was evaluated at the beginning and end of the study by evaluating the bleeding on their plaque, gingival indices, sulcus depths, and probing values. Results: Seventeen (70.80%) participants were female and 7 (29.20%) were male. Half of the participants kept their toothbrushes in the bathroom, and the other half in their room. Lactobacillus spp. was found in 29.2% of toothbrushes, with an average count of 2.43±1.71x102 CFU/ml. Streptococcus mutans were found in 88.3% of toothbrushes, with an average count of 4.05±1.64x102 CFU/ml. Of the toothbrushes tested, 25.0% had Candida albicans present with an average count of 3.18±1.47x102 CFU/ml. Lactobacillus spp. in 29.90% of Miswak toothbrushes, S. mutans was found in 83.30% and C. albicans in 25%. No significant difference was observed in periodontal index values. Conclusion: 84% of miswak toothbrushes are contaminated with persistent bacteria in the first month of use, regardless of storage method. Storing miswak toothbrushes in a humid environment results in higher rates of S. mutans bacterial contamination and survival. Surprisingly, colonization and survival of Lactobacillus spp. and C. albicans were higher in miswak toothbrushes stored at room temperature. It should be replaced with miswak toothbrushes every month instead of the previously suggested three months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the presence of mecA and pvl genes in coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) species isolated from bovine mastitis in smallholder dairy farms by using PCR. A total of 602 mammary quarter milk samples belong to 170 cows with mastitis were used. Identification of species was achieved by using the commercial Gram-positive identification kit and a total of 52 (8.6%) CNS species were isolated. The most frequently isolated species was Staphylococcus capitis (n = 15, 28.8%), followed by Staphylococcus saccharolyticus (n = 12, 23.1%), Staphylococcus simulans (n = 8, 15.4%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n = 5, 9.6%), Staphylococcus cohnii (n = 4, 7.7%), Staphylococcus lentus (n = 4, 7.7%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 2, 3.8%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (n = 2, 3.8%). The mecA gene positivity was found in the 13 (25%) of strains. Of the strains carrying mecA gene, eight also harbored the pvl gene. A total of pvl gene positivity was found as 30.8% (n = 16) in 52 CNS species. In conclusion, the present study showed that CNS isolated from cows with mastitis may be reservoir of mecA and pvl genes. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the presence of mecA and pvl genes in CNS species isolated from bovine with mastitis in the smallholder dairy farms in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi is the property of Veteriner Kontrol Merkez Arastirma Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the presence of blaNDM-1 gene in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales obtained from various clinical specimen of a University Hospital in Turkey between the years 2014-2019, has been investigated. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales were identified using Vitek 2. The presence of Metallo beta lactamase in these bacteria was investigated by phenotypically modified hodge test and genotypically by PCR. Of the 110 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales isolates, six (5.5%), 17 (15.5%) and 87 (79.0%) were identified as E. cloacae, E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively. While blaNDM-1gene was found in 35 (31.8%) K. pneumoniae and three (2.7%) E. coli strains, all 38 strains were found positive for blaNDM-1gene by the modified hodge test. It was determined that six E. cloacae strains did not contain the blaNDM-1 gene. Multiple antibiotic resistances were detected in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales strains positive for blaNDM-1. However, 29 K. pneumoniae and two E. coli strains were identified as resistant to tigecycline. Turkey also risks of the world along with other resistance enzymes and bacteria NDM-1 producing the rates must be determined globally and periodically. The fast spread of such resistant through transferable ways should not be overlooked, because enzymatic resistance genes can lead to high mortality hospital outbreaks worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the studies on the nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA ) in cattle and human populations in the Afyonkarahisar province in Turkey including its resistance to various antibiotics. Topics discussed include a reference to infections related to the MRSA nosocomial pathogen, the resistance to antibiotics like mupirocin as well as fusidic acid and the suggestion for MRSA epidemiology data deficiency elimination on succeeding investigations.

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences is the property of Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the ability of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at different energy settings to eliminate Candida albicans, either with or without 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) treatment., Methods: In total, 90 extracted human single-rooted teeth were shaped by using a crown-down technique with HERO Shaper rotary instruments and irrigated with 1 mL of 2.5% NaOCl between each instrument. The specimens were autoclaved and incubated with a suspension of C. albicans (ATCC 90028). Then the specimens were divided into six treatment groups (n = 15 per group): group 1, NaOCl + 1-W laser; group 2, 1-W laser; group 3, NaOCl + 0.75-W laser; group 4, 0.75-W laser, group 5, NaOCl; and group 6, no treatment. Aliquots of the experimental teeth were transferred onto Sabouraud's dextrose agar plates with paper points, and colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted as a measure of antifungal activity. One root from each group, which was not submitted to the sampling procedure, was fixed in glutaraldehyde, split into two halves, and evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Dunnett t test. Significance was set at alpha = 0.05., Results: All the treatment groups resulted in a significant reduction of C. albicans, but no sterilization, and all the groups were significantly different from each other (p < 0.0001). Group 1 (NaOCl and 1-W laser combination) exhibited the greatest reduction, whereas group 5 (NaOCl) resulted in a minimal reduction in CFUs of C. albicans. The SEM observations were in accordance with the microbiologic analysis., Conclusions: The 5.25% NaOCl and 1-W laser treatment combination may be a valuable cleaning tool for root canals infected with C. albicans.

In this study, identification of 207 Candida isolates, previously isolated from mastitic bovine quarter milk samples at the level of genus, was made using API 20 C AUX system. The most frequently isolated species were Candida krusei (34.8%), followed by Candida rugosa (16.4%), Candida kefyr (12.6%), Candida albicans (10.1%), and Candida tropicalis (9.2%). Less common isolates were Candida zeylanoides (5.8%), Candida parapsilosis (4.3%), Candida guilliermondii (3.4%), Candida famata (1.9%), and Candida glabrata (1.5%). Additionally, in vitro hemolytic activity of all Candida strains were also examined in the present study. C. krusei (72 isolates), C. kefyr (26), C. albicans (21), C. tropicalis (19), C. zeylanoides (12), and C. glabrata (3) demonstrated both alpha and beta hemolysis at 48-h postinoculation. Only alpha hemolysis was detected in C. rugosa (34), C. guilliermondii (7), and C. famata (4), while C. parapsilosis (9) did not show any hemolytic activity after incubation for 72 h. Statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was determined between the beta-hemolytic activities of Candida strains. The hemolytic activities of C. zeylanoides, C. albicans and C. kefyr were higher than other strains. This is the first study to describe variable hemolysis types exhibited by different Candida strains isolated from bovine mastitic milk in Turkey.