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Paclitaxel (TAX) amount remaining to be absorbed from the intestine in the in situ closed loop, re-circulating absorption samples were estimated by the 3D view LC-diode array method. The Log ARA versus time graph (r2) of TAX loaded nanoparticles (NP)s explains that there is exponential disappearance of TAX from the intestine, which indicates TAX NPs follows first order absorption kinetic. The calculated Ka and t1/2 of TAX and TAX loaded NPs were 0.9, 1.02, 1.38, and 1.74/min and 46.20, 40.66, 30.09, and 23.88 min, respectively, shows the rapid absorption of TAX NPs from the intestine than the pure drug TAX. The 3D view chromatogram, counter view graph, UV, and IR spectrum of the degradation samples confirms the selectivity and specificity of the developed method. The peak purity curve of all the samples shows that the similarity curve did not intersect the threshold curve and the rectangular ratiograms, in addition, demonstrates the selectivity and specificity nature of the 3D view LC-method. The accuracy...

Nanoparticles (NPs) are, in general, colloidal particles, less than 1000 nm, that can be used for better drug delivery and prepared either by encapsulating the drug within a vesicle and or by dispersing the drug molecules within a matrix. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have been extensively studied in recent years for spatial and temporal delivery, especially in tumour and brain targeting. NPs have great promise for better drug delivery as found in both pharmaceutical and clinical research. As a drug carrier, NPs have significant advantages like better bioavailability, systemic stability, high drug loading, long blood circulation time and selective distribution in the organs/tissues with longer half life. The selective targeting of NPs can be achieved by the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR-effect), attaching specific ligands, or by making selective distribution due to change of the physiological conditions of specific systems like nature, pH, temperature, etc. It has been observed that drug-loaded NPs can have selective distribution to organs/tissues using different types of and proportions of polymers. The current aim of researchers is to prepare NPs that are long-lived with and that demonstrate the appropriate selective distribution for better therapy and thus improved clinical outcomes. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have the potential to deliver a drug to the target site with specificity and to maintain the desired concentration at the site for the intended time without untoward effects. In this review article, the methods for the preparation of NPs, their characterization, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetic characteristics are discussed.

Progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology laid foundation for nanotherapy-based approach in cancer drug delivery for improved therapy and quality of life. The prepared polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), PCL, PLGA and PLA NPs help in delivering paclitaxel (TAX) in vivo by avoiding the use of unsafe excipient, Cremophore EL. The classy microscopic examination SEM, TEM and AFM analysis revealed the spherical and smooth structure of the NPs as well as their homogeneous solid matrix without any amorphous arrangements. The FTIR analysis of PNPs exposed that there was no chemical interaction between polymer, stabilizer and TAX. The (1)H NMR and XRD analyses illustrate molecular dispersion of TAX in the polymeric matrix and no evidence was observed for the presence of crystalline TAX. The outcome of in vivo acute toxicity study endorses residual solvent free PNPs. The PNPs demonstrate excellent control in delivering TAX up to 48 h with best fitted to First-order, Baker-Lonsdale, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The log plasma concentration-time profile shows that the prepared PNPs were safe and have much less side-effects. The pharmacokinetic study results illustrate increase in mean residence time as result of long circulating nature of the prepared nanoparticles, which helps them to reach target area. The estimated pharmacokinetic parameters AUC0-∞ (ng h)/mL, AUMC0-∞ (ng h(2))/mL, C max (ng/mL), t 1/2 (h), MRT (h), Cl (L/h/kg), V ss (L/kg) and V z (L/kg) shows improved therapeutic efficacy when compared with TAX solution.