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There are many case reports of seizures apparently associated with the prescription of antipsychotics. This study aimed to examine whether there is an association between the prescription of antipsychotics and incident seizures in individuals with autism spectrum disorder using retrospective data based on patients' chart review. A cohort study was conducted to compare the rate of incident seizure between 3923 users of antipsychotics with 10,086 users of other psychotropics. This was followed by a self-controlled case series (SCCS) analysis of 149 patients to eliminate the effect of time-invariant confounders. The results showed no evidence of increased risk of seizure after exposure to antipsychotic agents (Hazard Ratio 1.28, 95% CI 0.74-2.19) compared to other psychotropics., Author(s): Basmah H. Alfageh [sup.1] [sup.2] , Frank M. C. Besag [sup.1] [sup.3] [sup.4] , Le Gao [sup.5] , Tian-Tian Ma [sup.1] , Kenneth K. C. Man [sup.1] [sup.5] [sup.6] [...]

Objective Neonatal seizures in the first 28 days of life often reflect underlying brain injury or abnormalities, and measure the quality of perinatal care in out-of-hospital births. Using the 2003 revision of birth certificates only, three studies reported more neonatal seizures recorded among home births or planned out-of-hospital births compared to hospital births. However, the validity of recording neonatal seizures or serious neurologic dysfunction across birth settings in birth certificates has not been evaluated. We aimed to validate seizure recording in birth certificates across birth settings using multiple datasets. Methods We examined checkbox items 'seizures' and 'seizure or serious neurologic dysfunction' in the 1989 and 2003 revisions of birth certificates in South Carolina from 1996 to 2013. Gold standards were ICD-9-CM codes 779.0, 345.X, and 780.3 in either hospital discharge abstracts or Medicaid encounters jointly. Results Sensitivity, positive predictive value, false positive rate, and the kappa statistic of neonatal seizures recording were 7%, 66%, 34%, and 0.12 for the 2003 revision of birth certificates in 547,177 hospital births from 2004 to 2013 and 5%, 33%, 67%, and 0.09 for the 1998 revision in 396,776 hospital births from 1996 to 2003, and 0, 0, 100%, -0.002 among 660 intended home births from 2004 to 2013 and 920 home births from 1996 to 2003, respectively. Conclusions for Practice Despite slight improvement across revisions, South Carolina birth certificates under-reported or falsely reported seizures among hospital births and especially home births. Birth certificates alone should not be used to measure neonatal seizures or serious neurologic dysfunction., Author(s): Qing Li [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Dorothea D. Jenkins [sup.4] , Stephen L. Kinsman [sup.5] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.263081.eCenter for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health (CBEACH), Graduate School of [...]

Byline: Tugba. Hirfanoglu, Zeynep. Ozturk, Guntulu. Gokdogan, Ibrahim. Hirfanoglu, Eray. Onal, Canan. Turkyilmaz, Ebru. Ergenekon, Esin. Koc Context: There are limited data in the literature about the relationship between neonatal [...]

Purpose Investigate the prevalence, risk factors and impact of continuous EEG (cEEG) abnormalities on mortality through the 1-year follow-up period in patients with severe sepsis. Methods Prospective, single-center, observational study of consecutive patients admitted with severe sepsis to the Medical ICU at an academic medical center. Results A total of 98 patients with 100 episodes of severe sepsis were included; 49 patients (50%) were female, median age was 60 (IQR 52-74), the median non-neuro APACHE II score was 23.5 (IQR 18-28) and median non-neuro SOFA score was 8 (IQR 6-11). Twenty-five episodes had periodic discharges (PD), of which 11 had nonconvulsive seizures (NCS). No patient had NCS without PD. Prior neurological history was associated with a higher risk of PD or NCS (45 vs. 17%; CI 1.53-10.43), while the non-neuro APACHE II, non-neuro SOFA, severity of cardiovascular shock and presence of sedation during cEEG were associated with a lower risk of PD or NCS. Clinical seizures before cEEG were associated with a higher risk of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (24 vs. 6%; CI 1.42-19.94) while the non-neuro APACHE II and non-neuro SOFA scores were associated with a lower risk. Lack of EEG reactivity was present in 28% of episodes. In the survival analysis, a lack of EEG reactivity was associated with higher 1-year mortality [mean survival time 3.3 (95% CI 1.8-4.9) vs. 7.5 (6.4-8.7) months; p = 0.002] but the presence of PD or NCS was not [mean survival time 3.3 (95% CI 1.8-4.9) vs. 7.5 (6.4-8.7) months; p = 0.592]. Lack of reactivity was more frequent in patients on continuous sedation during cEEG. In patients with available 1-year data (34% of the episodes), 82% had good functional outcome (mRS [less than or equal to] 3, n = 27). There were no significant predictors of functional outcome, late cognition, and no patient with complete follow-up data developed late seizure or new epilepsy. Conclusions NCS and PD are common in patients with severe sepsis and altered mental status. They were less frequent among the most severely sick patients and were not associated with outcome in this study. Lack of EEG reactivity was more frequent in patients on continuous sedation and was associated with mortality up to 1 year after discharge. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings in a broader population and to further evaluate long-term cognitive outcome, risk of late seizure and epilepsy., Author(s): Emily J. Gilmore [sup.1], Nicolas Gaspard [sup.2] [sup.3], Huimahn A. Choi [sup.4], Emily Cohen [sup.5], Kristin M. Burkart [sup.6], David H. Chong [sup.6], Jan Claassen [sup.7], Lawrence J. Hirsch [...]

Purpose Our aim was to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and impact on outcome of nonconvulsive seizures (NCSz), nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), and periodic epileptiform discharges (PEDs) in surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients with continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) monitoring. Methods This was a retrospective study of SICU patients who underwent cEEG monitoring for altered mental status over a 6-year period. We report the frequency of NCSz (including NCSE) and PEDs on cEEG. The primary outcome was death or severe disability at hospital discharge. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify whether NCSz (including NCSE) and PEDs were independently associated with poor outcome (death, vegetative state or severe disability). Results Of 154 patients, the mean age was 64 ± 14 years old, and 40 % were women. The majority of patients were admitted following abdominal surgery (36 %) and liver transplantation (24 %). Sepsis developed in 100 (65 %) patients. Sixteen percent (n = 24) had NCSz [including 5 % (N = 8) with NCSE], and 29 % (N = 45) had PEDs. All eight patients with NCSE were septic. Clinical seizures prior to cEEG and coma were more common among patients who developed NCSz or NCSE compared to patients without NCSz or NCSE (70 vs. 27 %; p < 0.01; 75 vs. 52 %; p = 0.046 and 63 vs. 34 %; p = 0.09, respectively). NCSzs (including NCSE) were independently associated with poor outcome (20 vs. 3 %, OR 10.4, 95 % CI 1.0-53.7; p = 0.039). Conclusion In this retrospective study of SICU patients with cEEG monitoring for altered mental status, NCSz and periodic discharges were frequent and NCSz were independently associated with poor outcome. NCSz were more common when clinical seizures occurred before cEEG., Author(s): Pedro Kurtz [sup.1] [sup.2], Nicolas Gaspard [sup.3], Anna Sophia Wahl [sup.1], Rebecca Marie Bauer [sup.4], Lawrence J. Hirsch [sup.3], Hannah Wunsch [sup.5] [sup.6], Jan Claassen [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) [...]

Byline: Vijay. Sawlani, Markand. Patel Double inversion recovery (DIR) is a pulse sequence with suppression of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and white matter signal using two inversion recovery pulses, with the [...]

Byline: Nahed. Shehta, Rasha. Fahmi, Bothina. Ramadan, Engy. Emad, Ahmed. Elsaid Background: Cerebrovascular stroke is considered as the most common cause of symptomatic seizures. Post-stroke seizures herald a poor functional [...]

BACKGROUND: Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is a high-energy, trinitrated cyclic compound that has been used worldwide since World War II as an explosive in both military and civilian applications. RDX can be [...]