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Relevance. The efficiency of budget expenditures can be considered on the basis of achievement of a socially significant planned result. We have a question which result should be recognized as the target one. The efficiency of subsidies is embodied in the efficiency of the activity of producers in agriculture. In turn, the efficiency of producers' activity is expressed through factor productivity. The issue of correlation of subsidies with the dynamics of factor productivity needs more detailed elaboration, which determines the relevance of the work. The object of the research is the agricultural subsidy system. The subject of the research is the economic efficiency of agricultural subsidies in Kazakhstan.Methods. The author applies economic and statistical analysis to study the time series on the economic efficiency of subsidies in Kazakhstan. The survey uses comparative analysis to compare the economic efficiency of subsidizing agriculture in Kazakhstan and Russia. System analysis serves to determine the factors influencing the dynamics of the main indicators of agricultural development in Kazakhstan and Russia.Results. In order to assess the economic efficiency of agricultural subsidies, the study proposes to correlate subsidies with the dynamics of output, productivity of individual factors. The work reveals that subsidies do not create the conditions under which many agricultural producers would consciously move to innovative and environmentally friendly technologies.

Relevance: COVID-19 impacts the course of cancer depending on the status and volume of cancer patient vaccination against COVID-19. The study aimed to assess the impact of accelerated high-tech radiation therapy on the course of the oncological process, depending on the status and volume of COVID-19 vaccinations. Methods: This quantitative and qualitative prospective randomized controlled scientific study was conducted as part of the implementation of the scientific project, “Innovative approach to managing patients with cancer in the context of the COVID pandemic-19,” Reg. No. AP13068657. The study involved 221 cancer patients. Results: COVID-19 was diagnosed in 54/221 (24.4%) of the study participants, 24 (22.4%) in the standard radiotherapy group, and 30 (26.3%) in the experimental radiotherapy group. 49/221 (22.2%) of the participants were vaccinated. COVID-19 was detected in one breast cancer patient in the experimental group (1.5%) two months after vaccination and two patients with prostate cancer (2.4%) four months after vaccination. Relapse-free survival was registered in 59 (85.5%) breast cancer patients in the standard group and 58 (85.3%) in the experimental group. The overall survival of breast cancer patients was 69 (100.0%) in the standard group and 68 (97.0%) in the experimental group. Relapse-free survival was registered in 32 (84.2%) prostate cancer patients in the standard group and 41 (89.1%) patients in the experimental group. The overall survival among prostate cancer patients was 34 (89.5%) in the standard group and 45 (97.8%) in the experimental group. The deaths were not related to COVID-19. The average treatment duration for breast cancer was less by 12.9 days, with prostate cancer– by 18.2 days. Conclusion: In Kazakhstan, 4.8% of cancer patients with COVID-19 died in 2020-2021. The use of accelerated high-tech radiotherapy is justified in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination can prevent COVID-19 development in cancer patients.

The problem of limited budget funds for subsidizing agriculture is acute in Kazakhstan. Under these conditions, it is important to ensure targeting of subsidies, when they are delivered to those producers who are able to use them effectively for the production needs. The aim of the research is to highlight the main trends in the distribution of subsidies in the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan and their impact on the results of the industry. The efficiency of subsidies is influenced not only by their structure by type, but also by their distribution among commodity producers. On average in 2018-2021, thirty largest subjects of the agro-industrial complex, receiving 4-10 % of the total amount of subsidies, give 4-15 % of tax revenues, have 3-7 % of the gross profit in agriculture in Kazakhstan. The concentration ratios for 2018-2021 do not exceed 0.10, and for 150 largest farms they do not exceed 0.21, showing no significant changes in 2020-2021. This indicator allows to estimate the degree of uneven distribution of subsidies among recipient farms: the higher it is, the more unevenly the support is distributed. The indices of even distribution of subsidies based on profits are characterized by a downward trend in 2018-2021, regarding that the contribution of the largest subsidy recipients to the total gross profit has decreased. The same suspicious trend is inherent in the Equal Distribution of Subsidies Indices based on taxes paid. Based on the author’s method, the paper reveals the connection between production efficiency, provided at the expense of innovations, and the increase in the contribution of innovatively active producers to the industry's gross profit. By subsidizing advanced and innovatively active producers, the state will contribute to the increase of return on subsidies (expressed as an increase in the recipients' contribution to the industry’s gross profit). Based on these principles, the author recommends to prioritize subsidizing among subjects of the agro-industrial complex.

The existing subsidy payments actually leads to overpricing of resources by suppliers and, as a consequence, to reduction of economic availability for all other agricultural producers, who don’t receive support measures. A limited number of economic entities receive short-term financial benefits from subsidies, which don’t refer to the whole agricultural sector. The purpose is to propose and substantiate recommendations for increasing the economic return on agricultural subsidies in Kazakhstan. Methods. The paper applies a statistical analysis of economic return on agricultural subsidies in Kazakhstan. The work estimates volumes of used resources and produced goods per 1 ruble of subsidies (considering their types). Scientific novelty consists in clarifying approaches to the assessment of economic efficiency of agricultural subsidies; determining the factors restraining the agricultural development in Kazakhstan at the expense of subsidies; proposing and justification of measures to mitigate these factors. Results. The focus of support on short-term results (replenishment of working capital instead of introducing new technologies); the orientation of support on gross indicators instead of production efficiency; insufficient funding for general services in the agricultural sector – are factors that hinder the growth of the returns from subsidies. The article proposes the improvement measures: 1) linking subsidies with production efficiency, application of innovative and environmentally friendly technologies; 2) re-orientation of subsidies in favor of domestic production of resources for agriculture; 3) financing of domestic breeding science, seed production. These measures are based on the need to overcome the technological backwardness of agriculture in Kazakhstan.

The study attempts to explain the dependence of agricultural development indicators on subsidies and other factors in Russia in 2012–2020. Based on the author's methodology, the survey evaluates the economic efficiency of subsidies in Russia’s agriculture, develops and justifies the measures to improve the support system aimed at increasing total factor productivity (TFP). The object of the study is agricultural subsidy system. The subject of the research is the influence of subsidies on TFP in agriculture. The panel models with fixed effects do not reveal an impact of subsidies on TFP. The 1st lag of the logarithm of subsidies negatively affects the dynamics of labor productivity, and shows no relationship between current year subsidies and labor productivity. Labor productivity in agriculture in Russia grows in 2019– 2020 as a result of higher gross output and, to a lesser extent, of lower employment. Capital productivity increases mainly due to gross output growth. Support measures for general services (development of infrastructure, science, extension, phytosanitary and veterinary services) should be the most important components of increasing the efficiency of agricultural subsidies. These components in agricultural subsidies are of high priority for the environmental situation in rural areas and the state of human capital.

This article discusses the main organizational issues of the work of the transport control point. Regulatory legal acts regulating the activities of the transport control point.

This article discusses the issues of transport support of an open-pit coal mine. There are also conditions that ensure high economic efficiency of coal processing and technical problems that complicate the operation of the sections.

Обеспокоенность государства развитием сельского хозяйства - очередное доказательство того, насколько значима данная сфера экономики для России. Отставание российского сельского хозяйства от западных стран в техническом отношении может преодолеваться путем внедрения роботов в производство. Одним из важнейших приоритетов развития сельского хозяйства является техническая и технологическая модернизация отрасли. На смену морально и физически отслужившим приходят современные высокопроизводительные и менее энергозатратные машины. Создаются условия, при которых многие сельхозпредприятия от приобретения отдельных видов техники осознанно переходят на закупку агрегатов и комплексов машин, позволяющих внедрять ресурсосберегающие технологии возделывания и уборки сельхозкультур. Одним из передовых направлений здесь выступает роботизация. Быстро растущие экологические технологии и потребность в высококачественной сельскохозяйственной продукции постоянно стимулируют рост рынка сельскохозяйственной робототехники. Роботы являют собой не только модель нового способа производства, их важнейшая задача - создание принципиально иного сельского хозяйства. Роботы, облегчив, автоматизировав и механизировав тяжелый сельский труд, могут сделать его рентабельным, а работу фермеров - комфортной и удобной. Используя роботов, можно сделать сельскую жизнь привлекательной для возвращения инновационно активного молодого поколения на село. Процесс роботизации сельского хозяйства может столкнуться с рядом технических, экономических ограничений. Цель - обосновать целесообразность развития сельскохозяйственной робототехники в России на основе анализа ее возможностей и ограничений. Внедрение цифровых решений сделает сельское хозяйство технологичнее, освободит значительное количество предприятий от неэффективных временных затрат на рутинные работы. Роботизация будет играть роль главного вопроса для конкурентоспособности производителей на рынке. Роботы будут способствовать принятию эффективных, качественных решений, что не ограничивается одним лишь развитием бизнеса и, кроме того, поможет избежать проигрышных решений, в перспективе чреватых банкротством. The concern of the state with the development of agriculture is another proof of how significant this sector of the economy is for Russia. The lag of Russian agriculture from Western countries in technical terms can be overcome by introducing robots into production. One of the most important priorities for the development of agriculture is the technical and technological modernization of the industry. The morally and physically obsolete ones are being replaced by modern high-performance and less energy-intensive machines. Conditions are being created under which many agricultural enterprises are consciously switching from the purchase of certain types of equipment to the purchase of units and complexes of machines that make it possible to introduce resource-saving technologies for cultivating and harvesting crops. One of the leading directions here is robotics. Rapidly growing environmental technologies and the need for high quality agricultural products are constantly driving the growth of the agricultural robotics market. Robots are not only a model of a new mode of production, their most important task is to create a fundamentally different agriculture. Robots, by facilitating, automating and mechanizing hard rural labor, can make it profitable, and the work of farmers comfortable and convenient. Using robots, it is possible to make rural life attractive for the return of an innovatively active young generation to the village. Robotization of agriculture may face a number of technical and economic limitations. The aim of the study is to substantiate the feasibility of developing agricultural robotics in Russia based on an analysis of its capabilities and limitations. The introduction of digital solutions will make agriculture more technologically advanced and free a significant number of enterprises from inefficient time spent on routine work. Robotization will play the role of the main issue for the competitiveness of manufacturers in the market. Robots will facilitate effective, high-quality decision-making, which is not limited to business development alone, and, in addition, will help to avoid losing decisions that are fraught with bankruptcy in the future.

Purpose. Formation of a realistic assessment of the prospects for the introduction of automated ore extraction systems and quality control in the activities of modern mining enterprises. Methodology. The basis of the methodological approach in this study is a combination of system analysis of various aspects of automation of management processes of ore quarrying, with an analytical investigation of the prospects for optimising ore mining processes in quarries using modern methods of automation and digitalisation. Findings. A systematic analysis of various aspects of automation of ore mining management processes by quarry method was performed. The most promising areas of quarry development in order to obtain ore raw materials of the highest quality were identified. A scheme showing the systems of methods for managing the quality of ore mined by the mining method at the mining enterprises was presented. In addition, the scheme of automation of ore quality management processes extracted in quarries was presented and analysed. Originality. A real assessment of the prospects for the introduction of automated systems of ore mining and quality control in the activities of modern mining enterprises has been formed. Practical value. The results of the research can be used as a basis for training specialists in the field of mining industry, whose professional responsibilities include solving issues of ore mining in a quarry way.

The aim of the study is to propose and substantiate recommendations for development of the export potential of the Russian agro-industrial complex (AIC) in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The paper assesses the benefits of the Russian agro-industrial complex within the EAEU and measures to extract them for exporters. It develops recommended measures of state support that promote development of the Russian agro-industrial complex under EAEU membership conditions. The author considers state regulation measures for the following sectors of the Russian agro-industrial complex: agriculture, food industry, agricultural machinery, and fertilizer production. The author makes the following conclusions in the work. Russia exports to the EAEU products that are less in demand on other external markets. Overall, Russia’s trade relations with the EAEU countries are as follows: 1) companies in the agrochemical and food industries are in a winning position; 2) a relatively positive effect is observed in the agricultural machine building industry; 3) a relatively negative impact is observed in the dairy industry and production of meat products (due to competitive pressure from Belarusian producers). To improve the competitiveness of Russian products, as well as to identify their niche in the EAEU market, enterprises should be assisted in finding new markets and developing cooperation. The diversification of export-oriented production, which has already established itself in the external market, can be used to consolidate markets on the territory of the EAEU to sell goods. Here, the capacities created to assist subjects of industrial-innovation activity and production of innovative goods (for example, in agricultural robotics) should be attracted.