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Objectives: This study was planned to test the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 3.0 cerebral palsy (CP) module (parent form) in children with CP. Patients and methods: In the validation study conducted between June 2007 and June 2009, 511 children (299 normal children, 212 children with CP) were assessed by the seven scales of PedsQL [daily activities (DA), school activities (SA), movement and balance (MB), pain and hurt (PH), fatigue (F), eating activities (EA), and speech and communication (SC)]. Reliability was tested by internal consistency and person separation index (PSI); internal construct validity by Rasch analysis and external construct validity by correlation with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM). Results: Only 13 children with CP completed the inventory by themselves and thus were excluded. Consequently, 199 children with CP (113 males, 86 females; mean age: 7.3±4.2 years; range, 2 to 18 years) and 299 normal children (169 males, 130 females; mean age: 9.4±4.0 years; range, 2 to 17 years) were included in the final analysis. Reliabilities of the seven scales of the PedsQL 3.0 CP module were adequate, with Cronbach’s alphas between 0.66 and 0.96 and the PSI between 0.672 and 0.943 for the CP group. In Rasch analysis, for each scale, items showing disordered thresholds were rescored; then testlets were created to overcome local dependency. Internal construct validity of the unidimensional seven scales was good with the mean item fit of -0.107±1.149, 0.119±0.818, 0.232±1.069, -0.442±0.672, 0.221±0.554, -0.091±0.606, and -0.333±1.476 for DA, SA, MB, PH, F, EA, and SC, respectively. There was no differential item functioning. External construct validity of the instrument was confirmed by expected moderate to high correlations with WeeFIM and GMFCS (Spearman’s r=0.35-0.89). Conclusion: Turkish version of the PedsQL 3.0 CP module is reliable, valid, and available for use in clinical setting to evaluate health-related quality of life of children with CP.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of nocturnal polyuria (NP) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) during three different particular phases, and investigate the impact of injury level and injury type on the prevalence of NP. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Neurogenic Bladder Study Group from six different rehabilitation centers across the country. Participants: 40 patients with SCI. Outcome measures: Patients were divided into three groups according to mobilization phase; 1st group included patients confined to bed (n =14), 2nd group included patients sitting on a wheelchair (n =19) and 3rd group included patients standing with an assistive ambulation device (n =7). NP was assessed by nocturnal polyuria index (NPi) and nocturnal urine production (NUP) indexes. Results: No significant difference was found between the groups (P=0.312 for NPi and P=0.763 for NUP) in terms of the presence of NP according to their mobilization phase. The night and 24-hour urine volumes showed no significant difference between the groups (P=0.907 and P=0.395 respectively). The NPi and NUP values did not show a significant difference between male and female patients (P=0.826, P=0.364 respectively), patients with the injury level of ?T6 and

To investigate the impact of missing data and imputation with the response function (RF) approach on bias and precision of disability estimates as well as reliability of scale of WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0.Data were collected by face-to-face interviews and self-report surveys from 284 respondents with low back pain. Hypothetical datasets were created by using person and item parameters of real data. A simulation study was devised to assess the ability parameters and reliability measures on incomplete and imputed datasets. Rasch model was used to evaluate latent trait levels. Imputation was carried out using the response function method.Almost the same level of bias and MSE was reached. While the missing rate increases, the Person separation index slightly reduced, still exceeded 0.94 and Cronbach alpha values have similar mean values of 0.99 with larger variations. After deletion of four items of "work or school activities" in domain 5, reliability measures reduced the lowest.Construct validity is preserved. Problems regarding the compliance of the items with the target group still persist. When researchers encounter missingness in data collected with WHODAS 2.0, the response function can be usefully implemented to impute missing values to improve the reliability of disability level estimates.Implications for rehabilitationThe Turkish version of the 36-item WHODAS is reliable and valid for assessing health and disability status in patients with low back pain.A critical issue is a systematic nonresponse was highly observed in items related to "work/school life activities" which are allowed to be skipped and excluded from the scoring according to WHODAS 2.0 training manual.Imputation of missing values within four items of "work or school activities" in domain 5 using the response function approach showed satisfactory reliability for the estimation of disability in adults with low back pain.This study showed missing data imputations with response function can be implemented by a statistician as contribute to a missing data management process better tailored to clinicians' interpretations.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate whether pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy in addition to a conventional rehabilitation program is effective on pain and functioning in patients with type 1 complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS-1) of the hand. Patients and methods: Between March 2013 and January 2015, a total of 32 patients (16 males, 16 females; mean age: 50.1±13.1 years; range, 25 to 75 years) were included. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups. The control group (n=16) received a conventional rehabilitation program consisting of physical modalities, exercises, and occupational therapy, whereas the PEMF group (n=16) received additional PEMF (8 Hz, 3.2 mT) to the affected hand. The primary outcome measure was pain intensity using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Secondary outcome measures were grip and pinch strength, hand edema, hand dexterity, and hand activities. All patients received 20 therapy sessions (five sessions/week, four weeks in total) and were evaluated before and after the therapy and at the first-month follow-up. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in primary and secondary outcomes (p0.05). Conclusion: The PEMF in addition to conventional rehabilitation program did not provide additional benefit for pain and hand functions in CRPS-1. Future studies using different application parameters such as frequency, intensity, duration, and route may provide a better understanding of the role of PEMF in CRPS-1 treatment.

Introduction Patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) or self-completed questionnaires have been used to report outcomes in osteoarthritis (OA) for over 35 years. Choices will always need to be made about what should be measured and, if relevant, what would be the most appropriate PROM to use. The current study aims to describe the available PROMs used in OA and their performance quality, so that informed choices can be made about the most appropriate PROM for a particular task. Methods The study included a systematic search for PROMs that have been in use over 17 years (period 2000–2016), and to catalogue their psychometric properties, and to present the evidence in a user-friendly fashion. Results 78 PROMs were identified with psychometric evidence available. The domains of pain, self-care, mobility and work dominated, whereas domains such as cleaning and laundry and leisure, together with psychological and contextual factors, were poorly served. The most frequently used PROMs included the Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index, the Short Form 36 and the Knee Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score which, between them, appeared in more than 4000 papers. Most domains had at least one PROM with the highest level of psychometric evidence. Conclusion A broad range of PROMs are available for measuring OA outcomes. Some have good psychometric evidence, others not so. Some important psychological areas such as self-efficacy were poorly served. The study provides a current baseline for what is available, and identifies the shortfall in key domains if the full biopsychosocial model is to be explored.

This secondary analysis of a large (n = 241), randomized, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy of 2 doses of abobotulinumtoxinA + standard of care (SOC) versus placebo + SOC in enabling children with dynamic equinus due to cerebral palsy to achieve their functional goals using Goal Attainment Scaling. Most parents/caregivers selected goals targeting aspects of gait improvement as most relevant. Mean (95% confidence interval) Goal Attainment Scaling T scores at week 4 were higher for both abobotulinumtoxinA groups versus placebo (treatment difference vs placebo: 10 U/kg/leg: 5.32 [2.31, 8.32], P = .0006, and 15 U/kg/leg 4.65 [1.59, 7.71], P = .0031). Superiority of both abobotulinumtoxinA doses versus placebo was maintained at week 12. Best goal attainment T scores were higher in the abobotulinumtoxinA groups versus placebo for the common goals of improved walking pattern, decreased falling, decreased tripping, and improved endurance. These findings demonstrate that single injections of abobotulinumtoxinA (10 and 15 U/kg/leg) significantly improved the ability of pediatric cerebral palsy patients to achieve their functional goals.