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2. Risk factors associated with colistin resistance in carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales: a multicenter study from a low-income country

Author

Soria-Segarra Claudia, Soria-Segarra Carmen, Diaz Andrés, Miranda-Ayala Marcela, Cevallos-Apolo Kerly, Bombón Moreno Bryan, Chuzan J. John, and Gutierrez-Fernández José

Subjects
Colistin, Resistance, Carbapenemase-producing, Enterobacterales, Risk factors, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors for colistin-resistant carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CR-CPE), and describe the mortality associated with this organism, in a low-income country. Methods A descriptive, observational, and prospective multicenter study was carried out in Guayaquil, Ecuador. All patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales admitted between December 2021 and May 2022 were enrolled. Infection definitions were established according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) protocols. The presence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales was confirmed with a multiplex PCR for bla KPC, bla NDM, bla OXA-48, bla VIM, and bla IMP genes. MCR-1 production was studied molecularly, and MLST assays were carried out. Results Out of 114 patients enrolled in the study, 32 (28.07%) had at least one positive sample for CR-CPE. Klebsiella pneumoniae ST512-KPC-3 was the most frequent microorganism isolated. Parenteral feeding, β-lactamase inhibitor use, recent hemodialysis, and renal failure were all considered independent risk factors for carrying CR-CPE. A mortality of 41.22% was detected, but we could not find any difference between colistin-resistant and colistin-susceptible CPE. MCR-1 production was not detected in any of the isolates studied. Conclusion A significant burden for CR-CPE was found in a South American country that was mainly caused by the high-risk clone K. pneumoniae ST512-KPC-3 and not mediated by mcr-1 production. Its acquisition involved parenteral feeding, β-lactamase inhibitor use, recent hemodialysis, and renal failure as independent risk factors, demonstrating the critical need for infection prevention and stewardship programs to avoid dissemination to other countries in the region.

Published
2023
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3. An emergent change in epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of bloodstream infections in adult patients experiencing febrile neutropenia resulting from chemotherapy for acute leukemia and lymphoma at reference centers in Chile, Ecuador, and Peru

Author

Rabagliati, Ricardo, primary, Salazar, Grace, additional, Pérez-Lazo, Giancarlo, additional, Iturrieta, Maria Paz, additional, Portillo, Diana, additional, Soria-Segarra, Carmen, additional, Ojeda, María José, additional, Flores, Jimena, additional, Galarza, Margarita, additional, Sandoval-Ahumada, Roxana, additional, Cartes Aguilera, Pablo, additional, Dimitrakis, Lady, additional, Avelga Reinoso, Fabiola, additional, and Garcia, Patricia, additional

Published
2024
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7. An Emergent Change in Epidemiologic and Microbiological Characteristics of Bloodstream Infections in Adults With Febrile Neutropenia Resulting From Chemotherapy for Acute Leukemia and Lymphoma at Reference Centers in Chile, Ecuador, and Peru.

Author

Rabagliati, Ricardo, Salazar, Grace, Pérez-Lazo, Giancarlo, Iturrieta, Maria Paz, Portillo, Diana, Soria-Segarra, Carmen, Ojeda, María José, Flores, Jimena, Galarza, Margarita, Sandoval-Ahumada, Roxana, Aguilera, Pablo Cartes, Dimitrakis, Lady, Reinoso, Fabiola Avelga, and Garcia, Patricia

Abstract

Background Febrile neutropenia is a life-threatening condition commonly observed in patients with hematologic malignancies. The aim of this article is to provide updated knowledge about bloodstream infections in febrile neutropenia episodes within the Andean region of Latin America. Method This retrospective study was based in 6 hospitals in Chile, Ecuador, and Peru and included adult patients with acute leukemia or lymphoma and febrile neutropenia between January 2019 and December 2020. Results Of the 416 febrile neutropenia episodes, 38.7% had a bloodstream infection, 86% of which were caused by gram-negative rods, with Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most frequently identified bacteria. K pneumoniae isolates were more frequently resistant than E coli to cefotaxime (65% vs 39.6%), piperacillin-tazobactam (56.7% vs 27.1%), and imipenem (35% vs 2.1%) and were more frequently multidrug resistant (61.7% vs 12.5%). Among P aeruginosa , 26.7% were resistant to ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and imipenem, and 23.3% were multidrug resistant. Overall 30-day mortality was 19.8%, being higher with vs without a bloodstream infection (26.7% vs 15.3%, P =.005). Fever duration was also significantly longer, as well as periods of neutropenia and length of hospital stay for patients with bloodstream infection. Additionally, the 30-day mortality rate was higher for episodes with inappropriate vs appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy (41.2% vs 26.6%, P =.139). Conclusions Considering the high rates of bacteria-resistant infection and 30-day mortality, it is imperative to establish strategies that reduce the frequency of bloodstream infections, increasing early identification of patients at higher risks of multidrug bacteria resistance, and updating existing empirical antibiotic recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Infecciones en pacientes colonizados con bacterias gramnegativas resistentes a carbapenémicos en una ciudad media española

Author

Soria-Segarra, Carmen, Mercedes Delgado, Valverde, Serrano-García, María Luisa, Inmaculada López, Hernández, Navarro-Marí, José María, and Gutiérrez-Fernández, José

Subjects
Adult, Carbapenemasas, Colonization, Resistencia a carbapenémicos, Original, Carbapenemases, beta-Lactamases, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cross-Sectional Studies, Bacterial Proteins, Carbapenems, Gram-negative bacteria, Humans, Bacterias gramnegativas, Carbapenems resistance, Colonización, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

[ES] Objetivo. Debido a que existen pocos estudios sobre las implicaciones clínicas de la colonización por bacterias gramne-gativas resistentes a carbapenémicos (BRC) se analizó ésta en frotis rectales (FR) y faríngeos (FF) y su relación con la capacidad de predecir infección/colonización. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal, retrospectivo de los pacientes adultos hospitalizados entre enero del 2016 y diciembre del 2019. Los aislamientos fueron caracterizados mediante MicroScan y espectrometría de masas, aplicando los puntos de corte EUCAST 2018. La detección de carbapenemasas se realizó mediante PCR y secuenciación Sanger; se asignó el secuenciotipo mediante MLST. La relación genética entre los aislados se hizo mediante electroforesis de campo pulsado usando las enzimas Xbal, Spel o Apal. Resultados. Se detectaron 308 (86,03 %) FR y 50 (13,97%) FF positivos, teniendo el FR una sensibilidad del 85%, especificidad del 100%, VPP 100% y VPN 97%. En los FR se aislaron: 44% (n=135) Acinetobacter baumannii, 26% (n=80) Enterobacterales (20 KPC, 29 OXA-48, 22 VIM, 2 IMP, 7 NDM), 17% (n=53) Pseudomonas aeruginosa y 13% (n=40) Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. En los FF se aislaron un 44% (n=22) S. maltophilia, 40% (n=20) A. baumannii, 8% (n=4) P. aeruginosa y 8% (n=4) Enterobacterales (3 VIM, 1 OXA). De los pacientes con tomas simultáneas de FR y FF, 41 (40,6%) tuvieron positividad en ambos frotis, 45 (44,6%) sólo en FR y 15 (14,9%) sólo en FF. En el 81,3% (n=13) de los episodios la colonización precedió a la infección, existiendo asociación entre infección y colonización (p, [EN] Objective. Because there are few studies on the clinical implications of colonization by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CRB) this was analyzed in rectal smears (RS) and pharyngeals (PS) and its ability to predict infection/colonization. Methodology. A cross-sectional, retrospective study from adult inpatients between January 2016 and December 2019 was conducted. The isolates were characterized by MicroScan and spectrometry of masses applying EUCAST 2018 cutoff points. The detection of carbapenemases was performed by PCR and Sanger sequencing; sequencies was assigned by MLST. The genetic relationship between the clinical isolates was made by pulsed field electrophoresis using the enzymes Xbal, Spel or Apal. Results. A total of 308 (86.03%) RS and 50 (13.97%) positive PS were detected, the RS had a 85% sensibility, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value and 97% negative predictive value. In RS, the following were isolated: 44% (n=135) Acinetobacter baumannii, 26% (n =80) Enterobacterales (20 KPC, 29 OXA-48, 22 VIM, 2 IMP, 7 NDM), 17% (n=53) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 13% (n=40) Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. In the PS were isolated 44% (n=22) S. maltophilia, 40% (n = 20) A. baumannii, 8% (n=4) P. aeruginosa and 8% (n=4) Enterobacterales (3 VIM, 1 OXA). From the patients with simultaneous RS and PS, 41 (40.6%) had positivity in both smears, 45 (44.6%) only in RS and 15 (14.9%) only in PS. Colonization preceded infection in 81.3% (n=13) of the isolates; association between infection and colonization was found (p

Published
2021

14. Empezar de cero: tres años en España. La historia de cuatro solicitantes de asilo

Author

Valiente Segarra, Carmen, García-Prieto, Victoria, and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Periodismo II

Subjects
Comisión Española de Ayuda al Refugiado (CEAR), Centro de Acogida al Refugiado (CAR), Migrantes, Solicitantes de asilo, Refugiados
Abstract

Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Periodismo

Published
2021

16. Infections in patients colonized with carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in a medium Spanish city

Author

Soria Segarra, Carmen Gabriela, Serrano García, María Luisa, Navarro Marí, José María, and Gutiérrez Fernández, José

Subjects
Carbapenemasas, Colonization, Resistencia a carbapenémicos, Gram-negative bacteria, Bacterias gramnegativas, Carbapenems resistance, Carbapenemases, Colonización
Abstract

Objetivo. Debido a que existen pocos estudios sobre las implicaciones clínicas de la colonización por bacterias gramnegativas resistentes a carbapenémicos (BRC) se analizó ésta en frotis rectales (FR) y faríngeos (FF) y su relación con la capacidad de predecir infección/colonización. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal, retrospectivo de los pacientes adultos hospitalizados entre enero del 2016 y diciembre del 2019. Los aislamientos fueron caracterizados mediante MicroScan y espectrometría de masas, aplicando los puntos de corte EUCAST 2018. La detección de carbapenemasas se realizó mediante PCR y secuenciación Sanger; se asignó el secuenciotipo mediante MLST. La relación genética entre los aislados se hizo mediante electroforesis de campo pulsado usando las enzimas Xbal, Spel o Apal. Resultados. Se detectaron 308 (86,03 %) FR y 50 (13,97%) FF positivos, teniendo el FR una sensibilidad del 85%, especificidad del 100%, VPP 100% y VPN 97%. En los FR se aislaron: 44% (n=135) Acinetobacter baumannii, 26% (n=80) Enterobacterales (20 KPC, 29 OXA-48, 22 VIM, 2 IMP, 7 NDM), 17% (n=53) Pseudomonas aeruginosa y 13% (n=40) Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. En los FF se aislaron un 44% (n=22) S. maltophilia, 40% (n=20) A. baumannii, 8% (n=4) P. aeruginosa y 8% (n=4) Enterobacterales (3 VIM, 1 OXA). De los pacientes con tomas simultáneas de FR y FF, 41 (40,6%) tuvieron positividad en ambos frotis, 45 (44,6%) sólo en FR y 15 (14,9%) sólo en FF. En el 81,3% (n=13) de los episodios la colonización precedió a la infección, existiendo asociación entre infección y colonización (p, Objective. Because there are few studies on the clinical implications of colonization by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CRB) this was analyzed in rectal smears (RS) and pharyngeals (PS) and its ability to predict infection/ colonization. Methodology. A cross-sectional, retrospective study from adult inpatients between January 2016 and December 2019 was conducted. The isolates were characterized by MicroScan and spectrometry of masses applying EUCAST 2018 cutoff points. The detection of carbapenemases was performed by PCR and Sanger sequencing; sequencies was assigned by MLST. The genetic relationship between the clinical isolates was made by pulsed field electrophoresis using the enzymes Xbal, Spel or Apal. Results. A total of 308 (86.03%) RS and 50 (13.97%) positive PS were detected, the RS had a 85% sensibility, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value and 97% negative predictive value. In RS, the following were isolated: 44% (n =135) Acinetobacter baumannii, 26% (n =80) Enterobacterales (20 KPC, 29 OXA-48, 22 VIM, 2 IMP, 7 NDM), 17% (n=53) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 13% (n=40) Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. In the PS were isolated 44% (n=22) S. maltophilia, 40% (n = 20) A. baumannii, 8% (n=4) P. aeruginosa and 8% (n=4) Enterobacterales (3 VIM, 1 OXA). From the patients with simultaneous RS and PS, 41 (40.6%) had positivity in both smears, 45 (44.6%) only in RS and 15 (14.9%) only in PS. Colonization preceded infection in 81.3% (n=13) of the isolates; association between infection and colonization was found (p

Published
2021

17. Diseño y desarrollo de un cultivo doméstico vertical destinado a viviendas de espacio urbano

Author

Herrero Segarra, Carmen

Subjects
Vivienda sostenible, Sustainable house, EXPRESION GRAFICA EN LA INGENIERIA, Cultivation, Domestic Cultivation, Huerto vertical, Vertical gardening, Grado en Ingeniería en Diseño Industrial y Desarrollo de Productos-Grau en Enginyeria en Disseny Industrial i Desenvolupament de Productes, Cultivo, Cultivo domestico
Abstract

[ES] En el presente Trabajo Final de Grado exponemos el diseño y el desarrollo de un producto, dentro del campo de cultivos domésticos verticales, destinado a viviendas de espacio urbano. En el estudio nos centramos en los espacios interiores de las viviendas, pero no descartamos su uso en el exterior, como en terrazas o en balcones, por ello, estudiamos la utilización de materiales adaptables a los dos ámbitos. Asimismo, proponemos la utilización de materiales innovadores y sostenibles, es decir, cuidadosos con el medio ambiente. Además, hemos diseñado un producto práctico y funcional, teniendo en cuenta lo estético, agradable e innovador. Por último, cabe destacar que en el estudio comprendemos desde el diseño conceptual hasta el diseño de detalle, con la elección final de materiales, procesos de fabricación y presupuesto, entre otros., [EN] In this Final Degree Project, we present the design and development of a product, within the field of vertical domestic crops, intended for housing in urban spaces. In this study, we focus on interior spaces of the houses, but its use in the exterior, such as terraces or balconies, is not discarded, so the use of materials adaptable to both areas are studied. In addition, the use of innovative and sustainable materials, environmentally friendly, is studied. A practical and functional product is designed, as well as aesthetically, pleasing and innovative. The work range from conceptual design to detailed design, with the final choice of materials, manufacturing processes and budget and so on., [CA] En el present Treball Final de Grau presentem el disseny i el desenvolupament d'un producte, dins del camp de cultius domèstics verticals, destinat a habitatges d'espai urbà. A aquest estudi ens centrem en els espais interiors dels habitatges, però sense descartar el seu ús en l'exterior, com a terrasses o balcons, per això estudiem la utilització de materials adaptables als dos àmbits. A més, proposem la utilització de materials innovadors i sostenibles, és a dir, acurats amb el medi ambient. Així mateix, hem dissenyat un producte pràctic i funcional, tenint en compte l'estètica, agradable i innovadora. Per últim, cal destacar que el treball compren des del disseny conceptual fins al disseny de detall, amb l'elecció final de materials, processos de fabricació i pressupost, entre d’altres.

Published
2021

18. Clinical, epidemiological characterization and risk factors for infection / colonization by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales

Author

Soria Segarra, Carmen Gabriela, Gutiérrez Fernández, José, and Universidad de Granada. Programa de Doctorado en Medicina Clínica y Salud Pública

Subjects
Carbapenemasas, Colonization, Resistencia a carbapenémicos, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacterias gram-negativas, Gram-negative bacteria, Carbapenems resistance, Carbapenemases, Colonización, K. pneumoniae
Abstract

Objetivo: Realizar una caracterización microbiológica, clínica, epidemiológica y de los factores de riesgo de la infección/colonización por Enterobacterales productores de carbapenemasas en Ecuador (EPC), en Ecuador y en un hospital de España, con especial atención a K. pneumoniae. Metodología: Para determinar la colonización por EPC, se obtuvo semanalmente frotis perineales e inguinales de pacientes ingresados en 7 unidades de cuidados intensivos, entre febrero y abril de 2016, en Guayaquil, Ecuador. Para el procesamiento, se utilizó el protocolo de laboratorio del CDC y CHROMOMagar mSuperCARBATM y PCR para confirmar carbapenemasas. El análisis genotípico se realizó mediante MLST y electroforesis de campo pulsado (PFEG). Se realizó análisis univariado y multivariado para determinar riesgo, así como análisis de coste. En un Hospital de Granada, España, se incluyeron pacientes con aislamientos positivos para Klebsiella pneumoniae blaKPC-3 ST 258, detectados entre octubre 2015 y marzo 2017; la sensibilidad antimicrobiana se determinó usando MicroScan y difusión en agar. Se usó PCR para codificar a los genes productores de carbapenemasas y MLST para la relación genética entre los aislados. En el hospital Virgen de las Nieves de Granada, España, se realizó un estudio transversal, retrospectivo de pacientes hospitalizados entre enero del 2016 y diciembre del 2019. Los aislamientos fueron caracterizados mediante MicroScan y espectrometría de masas, aplicando los puntos de corte EUCAST 2018. La detección de carbapenemasas se realizó mediante PCR y secuenciación Sanger; se asignó el secuenciotipo mediante MLST. La relación genética entre los aislados se hizo mediante PFEG usando las enzimas Xbal, Spel o Apal. Resultados: En Ecuador, el agar mSuper CARBATM mostró una sensibilidad del 93,05% y especificidad del 96.21% para la detección de EPC. Se incluyeron 665 pacientes, 255 colonizados/infectados por EPC y una prevalencia del 37,67%. K. pneumoniae blaKPC fue el microorganismo predominante. ST 258 fue el más frecuente. Los factores de riesgo independientes para la adquisición de EPC fueron: estancia prolongada en UCI (p, Objective: To carry out a microbiological, clinical, epidemiological characterization and the risk factors of infection / colonization by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in Ecuador and a hospital in Spain. Methodology: To determine colonization by CPE, weekly perineal and inguinal swabs were obtained from patients admitted to 7 intensive units, between February and April 2016, in Guayaquil, Ecuador. We used the CDC laboratory protocol and CHROMOMagar mSuperCARBATMand PCR to confirm carbapenemases. Genotypic analysis was performed by MLST and pulsed field electrophoresis (PFEG). Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine risk, as well as cost analysis. In a Hospital in Granada, Spain, patients with positive isolates for K. pneumoniae blaKPC-3 ST 258, detected between October 2015 and March 2017, were included, antimicrobial sensitivity was determined using MicroSan and agar diffusion. PCR was used to encode the carbapenemase producing genes and MLST for the genetic relationship between the isolates. A cross-sectional, retrospective study of hospitalized patients between January 2016 and December 2019, was carried out. The isolates were characterized by MicroScan and mass spectrometry, applying the EUCAST 2018 cut-off points. The detection of carbapenemases was performed by PCR and Sanger sequencing; Sequenciotype was assigned by MLST. The genetic relationship between the isolates was made by PFEG using the enzymes Xbal, Spel or Apal. Results: In Ecuador, MSuper CARBATM agar showed a sensitivity of 93,05%, specificity of 96,21% for the detection of CPE. 665 patients were included, 255 colonized / infected by CPE and a prevalence of 37,67%. K. pneumoniae blaKPC was the predominant organism. ST 258 was the most frequent. The independent risk factors for the acquisition of CPE were prolonged stay in the ICU (p, Tesis Univ. Granada.

Published
2021

19. Diseño y desarrollo de un cultivo doméstico vertical destinado a viviendas de espacio urbano

Author

Hernandis Ortuño, Bernabé, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica - Departament d'Enginyeria Gràfica, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria del Disseny, Herrero Segarra, Carmen, Hernandis Ortuño, Bernabé, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica - Departament d'Enginyeria Gràfica, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria del Disseny, and Herrero Segarra, Carmen

Abstract

[ES] En el presente Trabajo Final de Grado exponemos el diseño y el desarrollo de un producto, dentro del campo de cultivos domésticos verticales, destinado a viviendas de espacio urbano. En el estudio nos centramos en los espacios interiores de las viviendas, pero no descartamos su uso en el exterior, como en terrazas o en balcones, por ello, estudiamos la utilización de materiales adaptables a los dos ámbitos. Asimismo, proponemos la utilización de materiales innovadores y sostenibles, es decir, cuidadosos con el medio ambiente. Además, hemos diseñado un producto práctico y funcional, teniendo en cuenta lo estético, agradable e innovador. Por último, cabe destacar que en el estudio comprendemos desde el diseño conceptual hasta el diseño de detalle, con la elección final de materiales, procesos de fabricación y presupuesto, entre otros., [EN] In this Final Degree Project, we present the design and development of a product, within the field of vertical domestic crops, intended for housing in urban spaces. In this study, we focus on interior spaces of the houses, but its use in the exterior, such as terraces or balconies, is not discarded, so the use of materials adaptable to both areas are studied. In addition, the use of innovative and sustainable materials, environmentally friendly, is studied. A practical and functional product is designed, as well as aesthetically, pleasing and innovative. The work range from conceptual design to detailed design, with the final choice of materials, manufacturing processes and budget and so on., [CA] En el present Treball Final de Grau presentem el disseny i el desenvolupament d'un producte, dins del camp de cultius domèstics verticals, destinat a habitatges d'espai urbà. A aquest estudi ens centrem en els espais interiors dels habitatges, però sense descartar el seu ús en l'exterior, com a terrasses o balcons, per això estudiem la utilització de materials adaptables als dos àmbits. A més, proposem la utilització de materials innovadors i sostenibles, és a dir, acurats amb el medi ambient. Així mateix, hem dissenyat un producte pràctic i funcional, tenint en compte l'estètica, agradable i innovadora. Per últim, cal destacar que el treball compren des del disseny conceptual fins al disseny de detall, amb l'elecció final de materials, processos de fabricació i pressupost, entre d’altres.

Published
2021

24. Polytene chromosomal maps of 11 drosophila species: the order of genomic scaffolds inferred from genetic and physical maps

Author

Schaeffer, Stephen W., Bhutkar, Arjun, McAllister, Bryant F., Matsuda, Muneo, Matzkin, Luciano M., O'Grady, Patrick M., Rohde, Claudia, Valente, Vera L.S., Aguade, Montserrat, Anderson, Wyatt W., Edwards, Kevin, Garcia, Ana C.L., Goodman, Josh, Hartigan, James, Kataoka, Eiko, Lapoint, Richard T., Lozovsky, Elena R., Machado, Carlos A., Noor, Mohamed A.F., Papaceit, Montserrat, Reed, Laura K., Richards, Stephen, Rieger, Tania T., Russo, Susan M., Sato, Hajime, Segarra, Carmen, Smith, Douglas R., Smith, Temple F., Strelets, Victor, Tobari, Yoshiko N., Tomimura, Yoshihiko, Wasserman, Marvin, Watts, Thomas, Wilson, Robert, Yoshida, Kiyohito, Markow, Therese A., Gelbart, William M., and Kaufman, Thomas C.

Subjects
Drosophila -- Genetic aspects, Drosophila -- Physiological aspects, Chromosome mapping -- Research, Genomics -- Research, Genetic markers -- Properties, Biological sciences
Abstract

The sequencing of the 12 genomes of members of the genus Drosophila was taken as an opportunity to reevaluate the genetic and physical maps for 11 of the species, in part to aid in the mapping of assembled scaffolds. Here, we present an overview of the importance of cytogenetic maps to Drosophila biology and to the concepts of chromosomal evolution. Physical and genetic markers were used to anchor the genome assembly scaffolds to the polytene chromosomal maps for each species. In addition, a computational approach was used to anchor smaller scaffolds on the basis of the analysis of syntenic blocks. We present the chromosomal map data from each of the 11 sequenced non-Drosophila melanogaster species as a series of sections. Each section reviews the history of the polytene chromosome maps for each species, presents the new polytene chromosome maps, and anchors the genomic scaffolds to the cytological maps using genetic and physical markers. The mapping data agree with Muller's idea that the majority of Drosophila genes are syntenic. Despite the conservation of genes within homologous chromosome arms across species, the karyotypes of these species have changed through the fusion of chromosomal arms followed by subsequent rearrangement events.

Published
2008

25. Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny

Author

Clark, Andrew G., Eisen, Michael B., Smith, Douglas R., Bergman, Casey M., Oliver, Brian, Markow, Therese A., Kaufman, Thomas C., Kellis, Manolis, Gelbart, William, Iyer, Venky N., Pollard, Daniel A., Sackton, Timothy B., Larracuente, Amanda M., Singh, Nadia D., Abad, Jose P., Abt, Dawn N., Adryan, Boris, Aguade, Montserrat, Akashi, Hiroshi, Anderson, Wyatt W., Aquadro, Charles F., Ardell, David H., Arguello, Roman, Artieri, Carlo G., Barbash, Daniel A., Barker, Daniel, Barsanti, Paolo, Batterham, Phil, Batzoglou, Serafim, Begun, Dave, Bhutkar, Arjun, Blanco, Enrico, Bosak, Stephanie A., Bradley, Robert K., Brand, Adrianne D., Brent, Michael R., Brooks, Angela N., Brown, Randall H., Butlin, Roger K., Caggese, Corrado, Calvi, Brian R., Bernardo de Carvalho, A., Caspi, Anat, Castrezana, Sergio, Celniker, Susan E., Chang, Jean L., Chapple, Charles, Chatterji, Sourav, Chinwalla, Asif, Civetta, Alberto, Clifton, Sandra W., Comeron, Josep M., Costello, James C., Coyne, Jerry A., Daub, Jennifer, David, Robert G., Delcher, Arthur L., Delehaunty, Kim, Do, Chuong B., Ebling, Heather, Edwards, Kevin, Eickbush, Thomas, Evans, Jay D., Filipski, Alan, Findeiß, Sven, Freyhult, Eva, Fulton, Lucinda, Fulton, Robert, Garcia, Ana C. L., Gardiner, Anastasia, Garfield, David A., Garvin, Barry E., Gibson, Greg, Gilbert, Don, Gnerre, Sante, Godfrey, Jennifer, Good, Robert, Gotea, Valer, Gravely, Brenton, Greenberg, Anthony J., Griffiths-Jones, Sam, Gross, Samuel, Guigo, Roderic, Gustafson, Erik A., Haerty, Wilfried, Hahn, Matthew W., Halligan, Daniel L., Halpern, Aaron L., Halter, Gillian M., Han, Mira V., Heger, Andreas, Hillier, LaDeana, Hinrichs, Angie S., Holmes, Ian, Hoskins, Roger A., Hubisz, Melissa J., Hultmark, Dan, Huntley, Melanie A., Jaffe, David B., Jagadeeshan, Santosh, Jeck, William R., Johnson, Justin, Jones, Corbin D., Jordan, William C., Karpen, Gary H., Kataoka, Eiko, Keightley, Peter D., Kheradpour, Pouya, Kirkness, Ewen F., Koerich, Leonardo B., Kristiansen, Karsten, Kudrna, Dave, Kulathinal, Rob J., Kumar, Sudhir, Kwok, Roberta, Lander, Eric, Langley, Charles H., Lapoint, Richard, Lazzaro, Brian P., Lee, So-Jeong, Levesque, Lisa, Li, Ruiqiang, Lin, Chiao-Feng, Lin, Michael F., Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, Llopart, Ana, Long, Manyuan, Low, Lloyd, Lozovsky, Elena, Lu, Jian, Luo, Meizhong, Machado, Carlos A., Makalowski, Wojciech, Marzo, Mar, Matsuda, Muneo, Matzkin, Luciano, McAllister, Bryant, McBride, Carolyn S., McKernan, Brendan, McKernan, Kevin, Mendez-Lago, Maria, Minx, Patrick, Mollenhauer, Michael U., Montooth, Kristi, Mount, Stephen M., Mu, Xu, Myers, Eugene, Negre, Barbara, Newfeld, Stuart, Nielsen, Rasmus, Noor, Mohamed A. F., O'Grady, Patrick, Pachter, Lior, Papaceit, Montserrat, Parisi, Matthew J., Parisi, Michael, Parts, Leopold, Pedersen, Jakob S., Pesole, Graziano, Phillippy, Adam M., Ponting, Chris P., Pop, Mihai, Porcelli, Damiano, Powell, Jeffrey R., Prohaska, Sonja, Pruitt, Kim, Puig, Marta, Quesneville, Hadi, Ravi Ram, Kristipati, Rand, David, Rasmussen, Matthew D., Reed, Laura K., Reenan, Robert, Reily, Amy, Remington, Karin A., Rieger, Tania T., Ritchie, Michael G., Robin, Charles, Rogers, Yu-Hui, Rohde, Claudia, Rozas, Julio, Rubenfield, Marc J., Ruiz, Alfredo, Russo, Susan, Salzberg, Steven L., Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro, Saranga, David J., Sato, Hajime, Schaeffer, Stephen W., Schatz, Michael C., Schlenke, Todd, Schwartz, Russell, Segarra, Carmen, Singh, Rama S., Sirot, Laura, Sirota, Marina, Sisneros, Nicholas B., Smith, Chris D., Smith, Temple F., Spieth, John, Stage, Deborah E., Stark, Alexander, Stephan, Wolfgang, Strausberg, Robert L., Strempel, Sebastian, Sturgill, David, Sutton, Granger, Sutton, Granger G., Tao, Wei, Teichmann, Sarah, Tobari, Yoshiko N., Tomimura, Yoshihiko, Tsolas, Jason M., Valente, Vera L. S., Venter, Eli, Craig Venter, J., Vicario, Saverio, Vieira, Filipe G., Vilella, Albert J., Villasante, Alfredo, Walenz, Brian, Wang, Jun, Wasserman, Marvin, Watts, Thomas, Wilson, Derek, Wilson, Richard K., Wing, Rod A., Wolfner, Mariana F., Wong, Alex, Ka-Shu Wong, Gane, Wu, Chung-I, Wu, Gabriel, Yamamoto, Daisuke, Yang, Hsiao-Pei, Yang, Shiaw-Pyng, Yorke, James A., Yoshida, Kiyohito, Zdobnov, Evgeny, Zhang, Peili, Zhang, Yu, Zimin, Aleksey V., Baldwin, Jennifer, Abdouelleil, Amr, Abdulkadir, Jamal, Abebe, Adal, Abera, Brikti, Abreu, Justin, Christophe Acer, St, Aftuck, Lynne, Alexander, Allen, An, Peter, Anderson, Erica, Anderson, Scott, Arachi, Harindra, Azer, Marc, Bachantsang, Pasang, Barry, Andrew, Bayul, Tashi, Berlin, Aaron, Bessette, Daniel, Bloom, Toby, Blye, Jason, Boguslavskiy, Leonid, Bonnet, Claude, Boukhgalter, Boris, Bourzgui, Imane, Brown, Adam, Cahill, Patrick, Channer, Sheridon, Cheshatsang, Yama, Chuda, Lisa, Citroen, Mieke, Collymore, Alville, Cooke, Patrick, Costello, Maura, D'Aco, Katie, Daza, Riza, De Haan, Georgius, DeGray, Stuart, DeMaso, Christina, Dhargay, Norbu, Dooley, Kimberly, Dooley, Erin, Doricent, Missole, Dorje, Passang, Dorjee, Kunsang, Dupes, Alan, Elong, Richard, Falk, Jill, Farina, Abderrahim, Faro, Susan, Ferguson, Diallo, Fisher, Sheila, Foley, Chelsea D., Franke, Alicia, Friedrich, Dennis, Gadbois, Loryn, Gearin, Gary, Gearin, Christina R., Giannoukos, Georgia, Goode, Tina, Graham, Joseph, Grandbois, Edward, Grewal, Sharleen, Gyaltsen, Kunsang, Hafez, Nabil, Hagos, Birhane, Hall, Jennifer, Henson, Charlotte, Hollinger, Andrew, Honan, Tracey, Huard, Monika D., Hughes, Leanne, Hurhula, Brian, Erii Husby, M, Kamat, Asha, Kanga, Ben, Kashin, Seva, Khazanovich, Dmitry, Kisner, Peter, Lance, Krista, Lara, Marcia, Lee, William, Lennon, Niall, Letendre, Frances, LeVine, Rosie, Lipovsky, Alex, Liu, Xiaohong, Liu, Jinlei, Liu, Shangtao, Lokyitsang, Tashi, Lokyitsang, Yeshi, Lubonja, Rakela, Lui, Annie, MacDonald, Pen, Magnisalis, Vasilia, Maru, Kebede, Matthews, Charles, McCusker, William, McDonough, Susan, Mehta, Teena, Meldrim, James, Meneus, Louis, Mihai, Oana, Mihalev, Atanas, Mihova, Tanya, Mittelman, Rachel, Mlenga, Valentine, Montmayeur, Anna, Mulrain, Leonidas, Navidi, Adam, Naylor, Jerome, Negash, Tamrat, Nguyen, Thu, Nguyen, Nga, Nicol, Robert, Norbu, Choe, Norbu, Nyima, Novod, Nathaniel, O'Neill, Barry, Osman, Sahal, Markiewicz, Eva, Oyono, Otero L., Patti, Christopher, Phunkhang, Pema, Pierre, Fritz, Priest, Margaret, Raghuraman, Sujaa, Rege, Filip, Reyes, Rebecca, Rise, Cecil, Rogov, Peter, Ross, Keenan, Ryan, Elizabeth, Settipalli, Sampath, Shea, Terry, Sherpa, Ngawang, Shi, Lu, Shih, Diana, Sparrow, Todd, Spaulding, Jessica, Stalker, John, Stange-Thomann, Nicole, Stavropoulos, Sharon, Stone, Catherine, Strader, Christopher, Tesfaye, Senait, Thomson, Talene, Thoulutsang, Yama, Thoulutsang, Dawa, Topham, Kerri, Topping, Ira, Tsamla, Tsamla, Vassiliev, Helen, Vo, Andy, Wangchuk, Tsering, Wangdi, Tsering, Weiand, Michael, Wilkinson, Jane, Wilson, Adam, Yadav, Shailendra, Young, Geneva, Yu, Qing, Zembek, Lisa, Zhong, Danni, Zimmer, Andrew, Zwirko, Zac, Alvarez, Pablo, Brockman, Will, Butler, Jonathan, Chin, CheeWhye, Grabherr, Manfred, Kleber, Michael, Mauceli, Evan, and MacCallum, Iain

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Drosophila 12 Genomes Consortium; Project Leaders; Andrew G. Clark (corresponding author) [1]; Michael B. Eisen (corresponding author) [2, 3]; Douglas R. Smith (corresponding author) [4]; Casey M. Bergman (corresponding [...]

Published
2007
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26. Zika virus infection in pregnancy : a protocol for the joint analysis of the prospective cohort studies of the ZIKAlliance, ZikaPLAN and ZIKAction consortia

Author

Ades, A. E., Brickley, Elizabeth B., Alexander, Neal, Brown, David, Jaenisch, Thomas, Miranda-Filho, Democrito de Barros, Pohl, Moritz, Rosenberger, Kerstin D., Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Thorne, Claire, Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar, de Araujo, Thalia Velho Barreto, Avelino-Silva, Vivian, I, Bethencourt Castillo, Sarah Esperanza, Borja Aburto, Victor Hugo, Brasil, Patricia, Christie, Celia D. C., de Souza, Wayner Vieira, Gotuzzo, H. Jose Eduardo, Hoen, Bruno, Koopmans, Marion, Martelli, Celina Maria Turchi, Martins Teixeira, Mauro, Marques, Ernesto T. A., Miranda, Maria Consuelo, Montarroyos, Ulisses Ramos, Moreira, Maria Elisabeth, Morris, J. Glenn, Rockx, Barry, Saba Villarroel, Paola Mariela, Soria Segarra, Carmen, Tami, Adriana, Turchi, Marilia Dalva, Giaquinto, Carlo, de Lamballerie, Xavier, Wilder-Smith, Annelies, Ades, A. E., Brickley, Elizabeth B., Alexander, Neal, Brown, David, Jaenisch, Thomas, Miranda-Filho, Democrito de Barros, Pohl, Moritz, Rosenberger, Kerstin D., Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Thorne, Claire, Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar, de Araujo, Thalia Velho Barreto, Avelino-Silva, Vivian, I, Bethencourt Castillo, Sarah Esperanza, Borja Aburto, Victor Hugo, Brasil, Patricia, Christie, Celia D. C., de Souza, Wayner Vieira, Gotuzzo, H. Jose Eduardo, Hoen, Bruno, Koopmans, Marion, Martelli, Celina Maria Turchi, Martins Teixeira, Mauro, Marques, Ernesto T. A., Miranda, Maria Consuelo, Montarroyos, Ulisses Ramos, Moreira, Maria Elisabeth, Morris, J. Glenn, Rockx, Barry, Saba Villarroel, Paola Mariela, Soria Segarra, Carmen, Tami, Adriana, Turchi, Marilia Dalva, Giaquinto, Carlo, de Lamballerie, Xavier, and Wilder-Smith, Annelies

Abstract

Introduction: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy has been associated with microcephaly and severe neurological damage to the fetus. Our aim is to document the risks of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes and the prevalence of laboratory markers of congenital infection in deliveries to women experiencing ZIKV infection during pregnancy, using data from European Commission-funded prospective cohort studies in 20 centres in 11 countries across Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods and analysis: We will carry out a centre-by-centre analysis of the risks of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, comparing women with confirmed and suspected ZIKV infection in pregnancy to those with no evidence of infection in pregnancy. We will document the proportion of deliveries in which laboratory markers of congenital infection were present. Finally, we will investigate the associations of trimester of maternal infection in pregnancy, presence or absence of maternal symptoms of acute ZIKV infection and previous flavivirus infections with adverse outcomes and with markers of congenital infection. Centre-specific estimates will be pooled using a two-stage approach. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval was obtained at each centre. Findings will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed open access journals and discussed with local public health officials and representatives of the national Ministries of Health, Pan American Health Organization and WHO involved with ZIKV prevention and control activities.

Published
2020
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27. Zika virus infection in pregnancy:A protocol for the joint analysis of the prospective cohort studies of the ZIKAlliance, ZikaPLAN and ZIKAction consortia

Author

Ades, A. E., Brickley, Elizabeth B., Alexander, Neal, Brown, David, Jaenisch, Thomas, Miranda-Filho, Demócrito De Barros, Pohl, Moritz, Rosenberger, Kerstin D., Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Thorne, Claire, Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes De Alencar, De Araújo, Thalia Velho Barreto, Avelino-Silva, Vivian I., Castillo, Sarah Esperanza Bethencourt, Aburto, Victor Hugo Borja, Brasil, Patrícia, Christie, Celia D.C., De Souza, Wayner Vieira, Gotuzzo H, Jose Eduardo, Hoen, Bruno, Koopmans, Marion, Martelli, Celina Maria Turchi, Martins Teixeira, Mauro, Marques, Ernesto T.A., Miranda, Maria Consuelo, Montarroyos, Ulisses Ramos, Moreira, Maria Elisabeth, Morris, J. Glenn, Rockx, Barry, Villarroel, Paola Mariela Saba, Soria Segarra, Carmen, Tami, Adriana, Turchi, Marília Dalva, Giaquinto, Carlo, De Lamballerie, Xavier, Wilder-Smith, Annelies, Ades, A. E., Brickley, Elizabeth B., Alexander, Neal, Brown, David, Jaenisch, Thomas, Miranda-Filho, Demócrito De Barros, Pohl, Moritz, Rosenberger, Kerstin D., Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Thorne, Claire, Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes De Alencar, De Araújo, Thalia Velho Barreto, Avelino-Silva, Vivian I., Castillo, Sarah Esperanza Bethencourt, Aburto, Victor Hugo Borja, Brasil, Patrícia, Christie, Celia D.C., De Souza, Wayner Vieira, Gotuzzo H, Jose Eduardo, Hoen, Bruno, Koopmans, Marion, Martelli, Celina Maria Turchi, Martins Teixeira, Mauro, Marques, Ernesto T.A., Miranda, Maria Consuelo, Montarroyos, Ulisses Ramos, Moreira, Maria Elisabeth, Morris, J. Glenn, Rockx, Barry, Villarroel, Paola Mariela Saba, Soria Segarra, Carmen, Tami, Adriana, Turchi, Marília Dalva, Giaquinto, Carlo, De Lamballerie, Xavier, and Wilder-Smith, Annelies

Abstract

Introduction Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy has been associated with microcephaly and severe neurological damage to the fetus. Our aim is to document the risks of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes and the prevalence of laboratory markers of congenital infection in deliveries to women experiencing ZIKV infection during pregnancy, using data from European Commission-funded prospective cohort studies in 20 centres in 11 countries across Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods and analysis We will carry out a centre-by-centre analysis of the risks of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, comparing women with confirmed and suspected ZIKV infection in pregnancy to those with no evidence of infection in pregnancy. We will document the proportion of deliveries in which laboratory markers of congenital infection were present. Finally, we will investigate the associations of trimester of maternal infection in pregnancy, presence or absence of maternal symptoms of acute ZIKV infection and previous flavivirus infections with adverse outcomes and with markers of congenital infection. Centre-specific estimates will be pooled using a two-stage approach. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained at each centre. Findings will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed open access journals and discussed with local public health officials and representatives of the national Ministries of Health, Pan American Health Organization and WHO involved with ZIKV prevention and control activities.

Published
2020

28. Zika virus infection in pregnancy: a protocol for the joint analysis of the prospective cohort studies of the ZIKAlliance, ZikaPLAN and ZIKAction consortia

Author

Ades, A E, primary, Brickley, Elizabeth B, additional, Alexander, Neal, additional, Brown, David, additional, Jaenisch, Thomas, additional, Miranda-Filho, Demócrito de Barros, additional, Pohl, Moritz, additional, Rosenberger, Kerstin D, additional, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, additional, Thorne, Claire, additional, Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar, additional, de Araújo, Thalia Velho Barreto, additional, Avelino-Silva, Vivian I, additional, Bethencourt Castillo, Sarah Esperanza, additional, Borja Aburto, Victor Hugo, additional, Brasil, Patrícia, additional, Christie, Celia D C, additional, de Souza, Wayner Vieira, additional, Gotuzzo H, Jose Eduardo, additional, Hoen, Bruno, additional, Koopmans, Marion, additional, Martelli, Celina Maria Turchi, additional, Martins Teixeira, Mauro, additional, Marques, Ernesto T A, additional, Miranda, Maria Consuelo, additional, Montarroyos, Ulisses Ramos, additional, Moreira, Maria Elisabeth, additional, Morris, J Glenn, additional, Rockx, Barry, additional, Saba Villarroel, Paola Mariela, additional, Soria Segarra, Carmen, additional, Tami, Adriana, additional, Turchi, Marília Dalva, additional, Giaquinto, Carlo, additional, de Lamballerie, Xavier, additional, and Wilder-Smith, Annelies, additional

Published
2020
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29. Chromosomal inversion polymorphism leads to extensive genetic structure: a multilocus survey in Drosophila subobscura

Author

Munte, Agusti, Rozas, Julio, Aguade, Montserrat, and Segarra, Carmen

Subjects
Genetic polymorphisms -- Research, Inversion (Genetics) -- Research, Drosophila -- Genetic aspects, Genetic research, Biological sciences
Abstract

The adaptive character of inversion polymorphism in Drosophila subobscura is well established. The [O.sub.ST] and [O.sub.3+4] chromosomal arrangements of this species differ by two overlapping inversions that arose independently on [O.sub.3] chromosomes. Nucleotide variation in eight gene regions distributed along inversion [O.sub.3] was analyzed in 14 [O.sub.ST] and 14 [O.sub.3+4] lines. Levels of variation within arrangements were quite similar along the inversion. In addition, we detected (i) extensive genetic differentiation between arrangements in all regions, regardless of their distance to the inversion breakpoints; (ii) strong association between nucleotide variants and chromosomal arrangements; and (iii) high levels of linkage disequilibrium in intralocus and also in interlocus comparisons, extending over distances as great as ~4 Mb. These results are not consistent with the higher genetic exchange between chromosomal arrangements expected in the central part of an inversion from double-crossover events. Hence, double crossovers were not produced or, alternatively, recombinant chromosomes were eliminated by natural selection to maintain coadapted gene complexes. If the strong genetic differentiation detected along [O.sub.3] extends to other inversions, nucleotide variation would be highly structured not only in D. subobscura, but also in the genome of other species with a rich chromosomal polymorphism.

Published
2005

35. Divergence of the yellow gene between Drosophila melanogaster and D. subobscura: recombination rate, codon bias and synonymous substitutions

Author

Munter, Agusti, Aguade, Montserrat, and Segarra, Carmen

Subjects
Drosophila -- Genetic aspects, Sex chromosomes -- Analysis, Codon -- Analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

The yellow (y) gene maps near the telomere of the X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster but not in D. subobscura. Thus the strong reduction in the recombination rate associated with telomeric regions is not expected in D. subobscura. To study the divergence of a gene whose recombination rate differs between two species, the y gene of D. subobscura was sequenced. Sequence comparison between D. melanogaster and D. subobscura revealed several elements conserved in noncoding regions that may correspond to putative cis-acting regulatory sequences. Divergence in the y gene coding region between D. subobscura and D. melanogaster was compared with that found in other genes sequenced in both species. Both, yellow and scute exhibit an unusually high number of synonymous substitutions per site ([p.sub.s]). Also for these genes, the extent of codon bias differs between both species, being much higher in D. subobscura than in D. melanogaster. This pattern of divergence is consistent with the hitchhiking and background selection models that predict an increase in the fixation rate of slightly deleterious mutations and a decrease in the rate of fixation of slightly advantageous mutations in regions with low recombination rates such as in the y-sc gene region of D. melanogaster.

Published
1997

36. Chromosomal homology and molecular organization of Muller's elements D and E in the Drosophila repleta species group

Author

Ranz, Jose Maria, Segarra, Carmen, and Ruiz, Alfredo

Subjects
Drosophila -- Genetic aspects, In situ hybridization -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Thirty-three DNA clones containing protein-coding genes have been used for in situ hybridization to the polytene chromosomes of two Drosophila repleta group species, D. repleta and D. buzzatii. Twenty-six clones gave positive results allowing the precise localization of 26 genes and the tentative identification of another nine. The results were fully consistent with the currently accepted chromosomal homologies and in no case was evidence for reciprocal translocations or pericentric inversions found. Most of the genes mapped to chromosomes 2 and 4 that are homologous, respectively, to chromosome arms 3R and 3L of D. melanogaster (Muller's elements E and D). The comparison of the molecular organization of these two elements between D. melanogaster and D. repleta (two species that belong to different subgenera and diverged some 62 million years ago) showed an extensive reorganization via paracentric inversions. Using a maximum likelihood procedure, we estimated that 130 paracentric inversions have become fixed in element E after the divergence of the two lineages. Therefore, the evolution rate for element E is approximately one inversion per million years. This value is comparable to previous estimates of the rate of evolution of chromosome X and yields an estimate of 4.5 inversions per million years for the whole Drosophila genome.

Published
1997

38. Regulation of the gene Sex-lethal: a comparative analysis of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila subobscura

Author

Penalva, Luiz O.F., Sakamoto, Hiroshi, Navarro-Sabate, Aurea, Sakashita, Eiji, Granadino, Begona, Segarra, Carmen, and Sanchez, Lucas

Subjects
Drosophila -- Genetic aspects, Genetic regulation -- Research, Sex determination, Genetic -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

The Drosophila gene Sex-lethal (Sxl) controls the processes of sex determination and dosage compensation. A Drosophila subobscura genomic fragment containing all the exons and the late and early promotors in the Sxl gene of D. melanogaster was isolated. Early Sxl expression in D. subobscura seems to be controlled at the transcriptional level, possibly by the X:A signal. In the region upstream of the early Sxl transcription initiation site are two conserved regions suggested to be involved in the early activation of Sxl. Late Sxl expression in D. subobscura produces four transcripts in adult females and males. In males, the transcripts have an additional exon which contains three translational stop codons so that a truncated, presumably nonfunctional Sxl protein is produced. The Sxl pre-mRNA of D. subobscura lacks the poly-U sequence presented at the polypirimidine tract of the 3[prime] splice site of the male-specific exon present in D. melanogaster. Introns 2 and 3 contain the Sxl-binding poly-U stretches, whose localization in intron 2 varies but in intron 3 is conserved. The Sxl protein is fully conserved at the amino acid level in both species.

Published
1996

39. Differentiation of Muller's chromosomal elements D and E in the obscura group of Drosophila

Author

Segarra, Carmen, Ribo, Griselda, and Aguade, Montserrat

Subjects
Drosophila -- Genetic aspects, Genetic markers -- Research, Chromosome mapping -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Twenty-two markers located on Muller's elements D or E have been mapped by an situ hybridization in six species of the obscura group of Drosophila and in D. melanogaster. The obscura species can be grouped into a Palearctic cluster (D. subobscura, D. madeirensis and D. guanche) and a Nearctic one (D. pseudoobscura, D. persimilis and D. miranda). Eleven of the probes contain known genes: E74, Acp70A, Est5, hsp28/23, hsp83, emc, hsp70, Xdh, Acph-1, Cec and rp49. The remaining probes are recombinant phages isolated from a D. subobscura genomic library. All these markers hybridize to the putative homologous chromosome or chromosomal arm of elements D and E. Thus, these elements have conserved their genic content during species divergence. Chromosomal homologies proposed previously for each element among the species of the same cluster have been compared with the present results. The distribution of markers within each element has changed considerably as inferred from pairwise comparisons of obscura species included in the two different clusters. Only chromosomal segments defined by closely linked markers have been conserved: one such segment has been detected in element D and three in element E between D. subobscura and D. pseudoobscura.

Published
1996

40. Understanding the relation between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse fetal, infant and child outcomes : A protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of pregnant women and their infants and children

Author

Wilder-Smith, Annelies, Wei, Yinghui, Araújo, Thalia Velho Barreto De, Vankerkhove, Maria, Turchi Martelli, Celina Maria, Turchi, Marília Dalva, Teixeira, Mauro, Tami, Adriana, Souza, João, Sousa, Patricia, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Soria-Segarra, Carmen, Sanchez Clemente, Nuria, Rosenberger, Kerstin Daniela, Reveiz, Ludovic, Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo, Pomar, Léo, Pelá Rosado, Luiza Emylce, Perez, Freddy, Passos, Saulo D., Nogueira, Mauricio, Noel, Trevor P., Moura Da Silva, Antônio, Moreira, Maria Elisabeth, Morales, Ivonne, Miranda Montoya, Maria Consuelo, Miranda-Filho, Demócrito De Barros, Maxwell, Lauren, Macpherson, Calum N.L., Low, Nicola, Lan, Zhiyi, Labeaud, Angelle Desiree, Koopmans, Marion, Kim, Caron, João, Esaú, Jaenisch, Thomas, Hofer, Cristina Barroso, Gustafson, Paul, Gérardin, Patrick, Ganz, Jucelia S., Dias, Ana Carolina Fialho, Elias, Vanessa, Duarte, Geraldo, Debray, Thomas Paul Alfons, Cafferata, María Luisa, Buekens, Pierre, Broutet, Nathalie, Brickley, Elizabeth B., Brasil, Patrícia, Brant, Fátima, Bethencourt, Sarah, Benedetti, Andrea, Avelino-Silva, Vivian Lida, Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes De Alencar, Alves Da Cunha, Antonio, Alger, Jackeline, Wilder-Smith, Annelies, Wei, Yinghui, Araújo, Thalia Velho Barreto De, Vankerkhove, Maria, Turchi Martelli, Celina Maria, Turchi, Marília Dalva, Teixeira, Mauro, Tami, Adriana, Souza, João, Sousa, Patricia, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Soria-Segarra, Carmen, Sanchez Clemente, Nuria, Rosenberger, Kerstin Daniela, Reveiz, Ludovic, Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo, Pomar, Léo, Pelá Rosado, Luiza Emylce, Perez, Freddy, Passos, Saulo D., Nogueira, Mauricio, Noel, Trevor P., Moura Da Silva, Antônio, Moreira, Maria Elisabeth, Morales, Ivonne, Miranda Montoya, Maria Consuelo, Miranda-Filho, Demócrito De Barros, Maxwell, Lauren, Macpherson, Calum N.L., Low, Nicola, Lan, Zhiyi, Labeaud, Angelle Desiree, Koopmans, Marion, Kim, Caron, João, Esaú, Jaenisch, Thomas, Hofer, Cristina Barroso, Gustafson, Paul, Gérardin, Patrick, Ganz, Jucelia S., Dias, Ana Carolina Fialho, Elias, Vanessa, Duarte, Geraldo, Debray, Thomas Paul Alfons, Cafferata, María Luisa, Buekens, Pierre, Broutet, Nathalie, Brickley, Elizabeth B., Brasil, Patrícia, Brant, Fátima, Bethencourt, Sarah, Benedetti, Andrea, Avelino-Silva, Vivian Lida, Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes De Alencar, Alves Da Cunha, Antonio, and Alger, Jackeline

Published
2019

41. Understanding the relation between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse fetal, infant and child outcomes: A protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of pregnant women and their infants and children

Author

Epi Methoden Team 2, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Methodologie, Wilder-Smith, Annelies, Wei, Yinghui, Araújo, Thalia Velho Barreto De, Vankerkhove, Maria, Turchi Martelli, Celina Maria, Turchi, Marília Dalva, Teixeira, Mauro, Tami, Adriana, Souza, João, Sousa, Patricia, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Soria-Segarra, Carmen, Sanchez Clemente, Nuria, Rosenberger, Kerstin Daniela, Reveiz, Ludovic, Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo, Pomar, Léo, Pelá Rosado, Luiza Emylce, Perez, Freddy, Passos, Saulo D., Nogueira, Mauricio, Noel, Trevor P., Moura Da Silva, Antônio, Moreira, Maria Elisabeth, Morales, Ivonne, Miranda Montoya, Maria Consuelo, Miranda-Filho, Demócrito De Barros, Maxwell, Lauren, Macpherson, Calum N.L., Low, Nicola, Lan, Zhiyi, Labeaud, Angelle Desiree, Koopmans, Marion, Kim, Caron, João, Esaú, Jaenisch, Thomas, Hofer, Cristina Barroso, Gustafson, Paul, Gérardin, Patrick, Ganz, Jucelia S., Dias, Ana Carolina Fialho, Elias, Vanessa, Duarte, Geraldo, Debray, Thomas Paul Alfons, Cafferata, María Luisa, Buekens, Pierre, Broutet, Nathalie, Brickley, Elizabeth B., Brasil, Patrícia, Brant, Fátima, Bethencourt, Sarah, Benedetti, Andrea, Avelino-Silva, Vivian Lida, Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes De Alencar, Alves Da Cunha, Antonio, Alger, Jackeline, Epi Methoden Team 2, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Methodologie, Wilder-Smith, Annelies, Wei, Yinghui, Araújo, Thalia Velho Barreto De, Vankerkhove, Maria, Turchi Martelli, Celina Maria, Turchi, Marília Dalva, Teixeira, Mauro, Tami, Adriana, Souza, João, Sousa, Patricia, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Soria-Segarra, Carmen, Sanchez Clemente, Nuria, Rosenberger, Kerstin Daniela, Reveiz, Ludovic, Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo, Pomar, Léo, Pelá Rosado, Luiza Emylce, Perez, Freddy, Passos, Saulo D., Nogueira, Mauricio, Noel, Trevor P., Moura Da Silva, Antônio, Moreira, Maria Elisabeth, Morales, Ivonne, Miranda Montoya, Maria Consuelo, Miranda-Filho, Demócrito De Barros, Maxwell, Lauren, Macpherson, Calum N.L., Low, Nicola, Lan, Zhiyi, Labeaud, Angelle Desiree, Koopmans, Marion, Kim, Caron, João, Esaú, Jaenisch, Thomas, Hofer, Cristina Barroso, Gustafson, Paul, Gérardin, Patrick, Ganz, Jucelia S., Dias, Ana Carolina Fialho, Elias, Vanessa, Duarte, Geraldo, Debray, Thomas Paul Alfons, Cafferata, María Luisa, Buekens, Pierre, Broutet, Nathalie, Brickley, Elizabeth B., Brasil, Patrícia, Brant, Fátima, Bethencourt, Sarah, Benedetti, Andrea, Avelino-Silva, Vivian Lida, Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes De Alencar, Alves Da Cunha, Antonio, and Alger, Jackeline

Published
2019

42. Molecular characterization of the breakpoints of an inversion fixed between Drosophila melanogaster and D. subobscura

Author

Cirera, Susanna, Martin-Campos, Jesus M., Segarra, Carmen, and Aguade, Montserrat

Subjects
Drosophila -- Research, Inversion (Genetics) -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Genetic experiments enable the identification and molecular characterization of two inversion breakpoints fixed during the divergence of Drosophila melanogaster and D. subobscura. A comparative study of the sequences of these inversion breakpoints helps determine the location of breakpoints. Both species have a new transcription unit near one of the breakpoints.

Published
1995

46. Molecular organization of the X chromosome in different species of the obscura group of Drosophila

Author

Segarra, Carmen and Aguade, Montserrat

Subjects
X chromosome -- Analysis, Drosophila -- Genetic aspects, Inversion (Genetics) -- Identification and classification, Genetic markers -- Usage, Biological sciences
Abstract

Nine single copy genes presumably located in a single chromosome were mapped by in situ hybridization in six species of the obscura group of Drosophila. The six species represented three Nearctic species and three Palearctic species, while eight of the genes represented X-linked traits. The results showed that probes for all genes hybridized to a single site. However, two probes for Mullers element A hybridized to the proximal end of the XR chromosomal arm of Nearctic species, suggesting a pericentric inversion event which occured during the divergence of the Palearctic and Nearctic species of the obscura group.

Published
1992

49. Understanding the relation between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse fetal, infant and child outcomes: a protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of pregnant women and their infants and children

Author

Wilder-Smith, Annelies, primary, Wei, Yinghui, additional, Araújo, Thalia Velho Barreto de, additional, VanKerkhove, Maria, additional, Turchi Martelli, Celina Maria, additional, Turchi, Marília Dalva, additional, Teixeira, Mauro, additional, Tami, Adriana, additional, Souza, João, additional, Sousa, Patricia, additional, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, additional, Soria-Segarra, Carmen, additional, Sanchez Clemente, Nuria, additional, Rosenberger, Kerstin Daniela, additional, Reveiz, Ludovic, additional, Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo, additional, Pomar, Léo, additional, Pelá Rosado, Luiza Emylce, additional, Perez, Freddy, additional, Passos, Saulo D., additional, Nogueira, Mauricio, additional, Noel, Trevor P., additional, Moura da Silva, Antônio, additional, Moreira, Maria Elisabeth, additional, Morales, Ivonne, additional, Miranda Montoya, Maria Consuelo, additional, Miranda-Filho, Demócrito de Barros, additional, Maxwell, Lauren, additional, Macpherson, Calum N. L., additional, Low, Nicola, additional, Lan, Zhiyi, additional, LaBeaud, Angelle Desiree, additional, Koopmans, Marion, additional, Kim, Caron, additional, João, Esaú, additional, Jaenisch, Thomas, additional, Hofer, Cristina Barroso, additional, Gustafson, Paul, additional, Gérardin, Patrick, additional, Ganz, Jucelia S., additional, Dias, Ana Carolina Fialho, additional, Elias, Vanessa, additional, Duarte, Geraldo, additional, Debray, Thomas Paul Alfons, additional, Cafferata, María Luisa, additional, Buekens, Pierre, additional, Broutet, Nathalie, additional, Brickley, Elizabeth B., additional, Brasil, Patrícia, additional, Brant, Fátima, additional, Bethencourt, Sarah, additional, Benedetti, Andrea, additional, Avelino-Silva, Vivian Lida, additional, Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar, additional, Alves da Cunha, Antonio, additional, and Alger, Jackeline, additional

Published
2019
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50. Molecular population genetics of the Polycomb genes in Drosophila subobscura

Author

Calvo-Martín, Juan M., Papaceit, Montserrat, Segarra, Carmen, and Universitat de Barcelona

Subjects
Drosophila subobscura, Test Statistics, Gene Expression, Polycomb-Group Proteins, lcsh:Medicine, Biochemistry, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, Drosophila Proteins, Molecular genetics, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, Chromosome Biology, Drosophila Melanogaster, Chromosome Mapping, Animal Models, Inversions, Chromatin, Chromosomal Aberrations, Insects, Experimental Organism Systems, Drosòfila subobscura, Multigene Family, Physical Sciences, Drosophila, Epigenetics, Female, Statistics (Mathematics), Research Article, Computer and Information Sciences, Arthropoda, Mapatge cromosòmic humà, macromolecular substances, Research and Analysis Methods, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Chromosomes, Genètica molecular, Computer Software, Evolution, Molecular, Model Organisms, Protein Domains, Genetics, Animals, Human gene mapping, Statistical Methods, Selection, Genetic, Molecular Biology Techniques, Molecular Biology, Gene Mapping, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Cell Biology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Invertebrates, lcsh:Q, Mathematics
Abstract

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are important regulatory factors that modulate the chromatin state. They form protein complexes that repress gene expression by the introduction of posttranslational histone modifications. The study of PcG proteins divergence in Drosophila revealed signals of coevolution among them and an acceleration of the nonsynonymous evolutionary rate in the lineage ancestral to the obscura group species, mainly in subunits of the Pcl-PRC2 complex. Herein, we have studied the nucleotide polymorphism of PcG genes in a natural population of D. subobscura to detect whether natural selection has also modulated the evolution of these important regulatory genes in a more recent time scale. Results show that most genes are under the action of purifying selection and present a level and pattern of polymorphism consistent with predictions of the neutral model, the exceptions being Su(z)12 and Pho. MK tests indicate an accumulation of adaptive changes in the SU(Z)12 protein during the divergence of D. subobscura and D. guanche. In contrast, the HKA test shows a deficit of polymorphism at Pho. The most likely explanation for this reduced variation is the location of this gene in the dot-like chromosome and would indicate that this chromosome also has null or very low recombination in D. subobscura, as reported in D. melanogaster.

Published
2017

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