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Abstract Background Inferior vena cava filter (IVC) retrieval is most often routine but can be challenging with high morbidity in complex cases, especially those with an extended dwelling time. While risk of morbidity in complex retrievals is decreased with advanced filter retrieval techniques, deciding when and which to use these requires detailed pre-procedural planning. The purpose of our study was to evaluate patient-specific 3D printed anatomic IVC filter models for aiding complex IVC filter retrievals. Methods All IVC filter retrieval patients between June 2021 and September 2022 at one academic medical hospital were prospectively screened. Nine met criteria for complex retrieval, and their CT images were used to 3D print patient-specific IVC and filter models. Models were used in pre-procedural planning and clinical utility was assessed using the Anatomic Model Utility Likert Questionnaire and estimations of the procedural and fluoroscopy time saved. Results The usage of 3D printed models in pre-procedural planning had high clinical utility based on the Likert questionnaire (Anatomic Model Utility Points 366.7 ± 103.1). Using a model significantly increased confidence in planning (p = 0.03) and modified the treatment plan in seven cases. It also led to cost-efficient use of resources in the procedure suite with estimated reduction in procedure and fluoroscopy time of 29.0 [20.3] (p = 0.003) and 10.2 [6.7] (p = 0.002) minutes, respectively. Conclusion 3D printed anatomic models for patients who require complex IVC filter retrieval demonstrated Likert-based high clinical utility and led to estimated reductions of procedural and fluoroscopy time.

Abstract Background Medical three-dimensional (3D) printing has demonstrated utility and value in anatomic models for vascular conditions. A writing group composed of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Special Interest Group on 3D Printing (3DPSIG) provides appropriateness recommendations for vascular 3D printing indications. Methods A structured literature search was conducted to identify all relevant articles using 3D printing technology associated with vascular indications. Each study was vetted by the authors and strength of evidence was assessed according to published appropriateness ratings. Results Evidence-based recommendations for when 3D printing is appropriate are provided for the following areas: aneurysm, dissection, extremity vascular disease, other arterial diseases, acute venous thromboembolic disease, venous disorders, lymphedema, congenital vascular malformations, vascular trauma, vascular tumors, visceral vasculature for surgical planning, dialysis access, vascular research/development and modeling, and other vasculopathy. Recommendations are provided in accordance with strength of evidence of publications corresponding to each vascular condition combined with expert opinion from members of the 3DPSIG. Conclusion This consensus appropriateness ratings document, created by the members of the 3DPSIG, provides an updated reference for clinical standards of 3D printing for the care of patients with vascular conditions.

Abstract The use of medical 3D printing has expanded dramatically for breast diseases. A writing group composed of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Special Interest Group on 3D Printing (SIG) provides updated appropriateness criteria for breast 3D printing in various clinical scenarios. Evidence-based appropriateness criteria are provided for the following clinical scenarios: benign breast lesions and high-risk breast lesions, breast cancer, breast reconstruction, and breast radiation (treatment planning and radiation delivery).